420 sailboat weight limit

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Question: Am I too heavy for my company race team?

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My Apknite company is starting a team/club that plans on racing 420’s. I used to sail as a child on 420’s and even then I was heavy with another person. I weight around 285.  

Enjoy your life and don’t worry about it. Sail trim and tactics win races. Yes, weight is technically a factor, but it’s dominantly an excuse.  

With no disrespect intended, the answer is,that you are too heavy to competitively race a 420. The ideal crew weight for a 420 is 240 to 300 lbs. That is the combined weight of the skipper and crew. At 285 lbs you alone are near the absolute upper limit of the ideal combined crew . Ideally the individual crew weight falls in a range of 50-60% of the total combined crew weight in order to have the boat sit in it's proper trim and with optimum weight distribution. There are some mix of four ways to look at your options here, 1) decide that it's not all that important to win since sailing is fun whether or not you win, 2) evaluate the competition and conclude that they have their own issues that might level the field, 3) go into training and perhaps target a weight loss in the 30-50 lb range.or 4) 420's are small boats for an adult crew. since 420s are pretty weight intolerant. So you might want to approach the company to see if there is an option to race some other class of boat that is more weight tolerant. Regarding option #3, the reality is that ever increasingly those of us who try to race competitively routinely work out to maintain the required strength, weight, agility, and balance. I have raced on a boat where the three person crew needed to drop 40 lbs for a high level regatta. Over 5 weeks each of us diligently dieted and worked out and we got to our target weight. It was not easy. Jeff  

Minnewaska said: The average weight of an American adult male is 195 lbs. Sure, we have a heavy nation, but you have to get into the Asian countries before two average adults are the ideal weight profile of a 420. They are designed for kids and those who were malnourished during their growth years. No doubt, they aren't the best choice for an adult company sailing club. I highly doubt there will be many adult crews, who average 160 lbs each. Still, if that's what they've got, enjoy your life and go for it. I doubt many crews will be inside the ideal crew specs. Click to expand...

FEELSLIKEHOME said: My Apknite company is starting a team/club that plans on racing 420's. I used to sail as a child on 420's and even then I was heavy with another person. I weight around 285. Click to expand...

I think your overall body size combined with your agility/athleticism are more important, than strictly your weight, in terms of whether you can go out and have fun on a 420. I sailed 420s as a teenager with a cousin who competitively raced. Tons and tons of fun, but you need to be quick and nimble on these boats. The fact that they're designed to be sailed with a trapeze should tell you something. By all means, go for it and see how it goes. I'm sure you can sail, but sailing comfortably or proficiently may be more difficult for a bigger guy.  

I would say it depends on the sailing skills of your competitors. If you are experienced and they are not, the weight handicap would be likely offset by a skill differential. I tried to get on my college racing team but did not have the experience and needed a 100 lb captain to make up for my size at 170 lbs. Can you influence the boat decision? You are better built for a keel boat. I am thinking grinder not on the bow.  

If you order a pizza..yum good..order it without crust. No, nada, zippo bread for 2 years. Sentence yourself Even if inactive you will dump theweight by ditching the carbs. Look into it  

Hmmmm...not sure the OP was looking for weight loss tips.... I am guessing it is going to be very casual beercan racing, so I don't think the weight is a big deal. It may prove to be an advantage when the wind pipes up as you will be able to keep the boat flatter. The biggest problem with being a big guy on a small dinghy is the agility. Getting across cleanly through gybes and tacks is much harder to do, and may have you going for the occasional swim! Just get out there and give it a shot. Maybe you can find a 100lb waif to crew with you! Sent from my SM-G960W using Tapatalk  

SchockT said: Hmmmm...not sure the OP was looking for weight loss tips.... Click to expand...

Race with a dog, to get under the total weight. Done.  

I try not to give unsolicited diet or medical advice. Mr. Feelslikehome knows he's large, that's why he asked the question. He could be 6' 10" and quite trim. Or he could be overweight but have other medical issues that prevent him from exercising/skipping crusts/using healing crystals. Or maybe he doesn't give a damn. All that said.... Damn, 285lbs in a 420! That's a big boy in a little boat, kinda like the old Chris Farley bit. I would say go for it. What's the worst that could happen? You lose? You capsize and get wet? Nothing wrong with either of those things. If it's about fun, go out and have fun.  

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420 Class: Club, Collegiate = Win, Win

August 1, 2014 by Sail1Design Editor 1 Comment

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• Sailboat Guide

420 is a 13 ′ 9 ″ / 4.2 m monohull sailboat designed by Christian Maury and built by Rondar Raceboats, Fountaine Pajot, Snapir Sailing Craft Ltd., MacKay Boats Ltd., Lanaverre, Johnson Boat Works, Far East Boat Co., Whitecap Composites, Xtreme Sailing Products, and Nautivela starting in 1959.

Rig and Sails

Auxilary power, accomodations, calculations.

The theoretical maximum speed that a displacement hull can move efficiently through the water is determined by it's waterline length and displacement. It may be unable to reach this speed if the boat is underpowered or heavily loaded, though it may exceed this speed given enough power. Read more.

Classic hull speed formula:

Hull Speed = 1.34 x √LWL

Max Speed/Length ratio = 8.26 ÷ Displacement/Length ratio .311 Hull Speed = Max Speed/Length ratio x √LWL

Sail Area / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the power of the sails relative to the weight of the boat. The higher the number, the higher the performance, but the harder the boat will be to handle. This ratio is a "non-dimensional" value that facilitates comparisons between boats of different types and sizes. Read more.

SA/D = SA ÷ (D ÷ 64) 2/3

• SA : Sail area in square feet, derived by adding the mainsail area to 100% of the foretriangle area (the lateral area above the deck between the mast and the forestay).
• D : Displacement in pounds.

Ballast / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the stability of a boat's hull that suggests how well a monohull will stand up to its sails. The ballast displacement ratio indicates how much of the weight of a boat is placed for maximum stability against capsizing and is an indicator of stiffness and resistance to capsize.

Ballast / Displacement * 100

Displacement / Length Ratio

A measure of the weight of the boat relative to it's length at the waterline. The higher a boat’s D/L ratio, the more easily it will carry a load and the more comfortable its motion will be. The lower a boat's ratio is, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed or beyond. Read more.

D/L = (D ÷ 2240) ÷ (0.01 x LWL)³

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds.
• LWL: Waterline length in feet

Comfort Ratio

This ratio assess how quickly and abruptly a boat’s hull reacts to waves in a significant seaway, these being the elements of a boat’s motion most likely to cause seasickness. Read more.

Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL + .3 LOA) x Beam 1.33 )

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds
• LOA: Length overall in feet
• Beam: Width of boat at the widest point in feet

Capsize Screening Formula

This formula attempts to indicate whether a given boat might be too wide and light to readily right itself after being overturned in extreme conditions. Read more.

CSV = Beam ÷ ³√(D / 64)

One of the most successful sailing dinghies ever. (Only the SUNFISH or LASER can be considered in the same league.) Originally designed and built by Lanaverre of France. (They built 32,000 according to one source.) Licenses were later granted to other builders around the world. In 1996, the International Class agreed to amend the deck layout. 1 Trapeze permitted. Spinnaker: 97 sq.ft. There is a ‘Club’ version of heavier construction and slightly different dimensions.

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420 Sailboat: An In-depth Analysis

The 420 sailboat, a classic in the sailing world, is known for its versatility and performance. Loved by both beginners and seasoned sailors alike, this craft offers a unique sailing experience. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into its features, functionality, and overall value.

The History of the 420 Sailboat

The 420 sailboat has been a staple in the boating community since its creation in 1959. Designed by Christian Maury, this French-made dinghy has gained a reputation for being a top choice for youth training, high school and collegiate sailing, and even for competitive events. Over the decades, it has proven its worth and stood the test of time, making it a much-loved choice for many sailors.

Design and Construction

When it comes to design and construction, the 420 sailboat is nothing short of impressive. Its 4.2 meters of length coupled with a light hull weight of around 80 kg allows for easier transportation and storage. The boat's construction materials have evolved over time, with modern versions often featuring a durable fiberglass hull and an aluminum mast.

Sails and Rigging

The 420's sailplan consists of a mainsail, a jib, and a spinnaker. This configuration offers a balanced performance in various wind conditions, allowing sailors to efficiently manage and adjust sails as necessary.

Performance on Water

The 420 sailboat's performance is noteworthy, as it strikes a perfect balance between speed, stability, and maneuverability. Its responsiveness, combined with the simplicity of its handling, makes it an ideal boat for a wide range of skill levels.

Handling and Maneuverability

The 420's handling and maneuverability is where this vessel truly shines. Its lightweight design and efficient hull shape allow for quick tacking and gybing, while the adjustable rigging system enables sailors to modify the boat's performance according to changing conditions.

Comfort and Safety

Although primarily designed for competitive sailing, the 420 sailboat doesn't compromise on comfort and safety. The cockpit is spacious enough to accommodate two people comfortably, while the hull's robust construction and the boat's inherent stability offer peace of mind to the crew on board.

The 420 sailboat is truly a gem in the sailing world. With its enduring design, commendable performance, and solid build, it promises an enjoyable sailing experience. Whether you're a beginner looking for a reliable boat to learn on, or an experienced sailor seeking a versatile craft for competitive racing, the 420 sailboat certainly warrants consideration.

Price and Value

When it comes to value for money, the 420 sailboat stands tall among its competitors. While the initial investment may seem significant, its longevity, performance capabilities, and the enduring demand in the second-hand market make it a worthwhile investment for the serious sailor.

Initial Cost

The price of a new 420 sailboat can vary significantly depending on the manufacturer, equipment included, and the specific model. As of 2023, you can expect to pay anywhere between $8,000 to $12,000 for a new 420 sailboat.

Maintenance and Operating Costs

The 420 sailboat's maintenance costs are relatively low compared to other similar vessels. Due to its robust construction and simple design, regular cleaning and occasional rigging adjustments are generally all that's needed to keep a 420 in top shape. Additionally, being a small sailing dinghy, it doesn't incur mooring fees and its transportation costs are minimal.

Resale Value

One of the standout aspects of the 420 sailboat is its strong resale value. Given its popularity in sailing schools and racing events, there is always demand in the second-hand market. Well-maintained boats often retain a significant percentage of their original value, making the 420 a financially sound choice.

Final Thoughts

The 420 sailboat is a true classic that continues to hold its own in the contemporary sailing world. With its perfect balance of performance, durability, and value, it offers a versatile sailing solution for enthusiasts of all skill levels.

In conclusion, the 420 sailboat ticks all the right boxes for both recreational and competitive sailing. From its clever design and excellent performance to its safety features and overall value, it offers everything a sailor could ask for. For those in the market for a reliable, efficient, and enjoyable sailing vessel, the 420 sailboat is indeed a worthy contender.

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One-Design Class Type: Dinghy

Was this boat built to be sailed by youth or adults? Youth

Approximately how many class members do you have? 2500

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About Club 420

The Club 420 is a two person dinghy which forms the base of many local, high school and collegiate programs in North America. Simple for beginning sailors and yet challenging enough for collegiate champions. The Club 420 offers more learning opportunities than any other double-handed boat. Over 5,000 Club 420s are sailed in youth, high school and collegiate programs all over the United States, Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean.

Boats Produced: 8600

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Laser Performance Zim Sailing

Approximately how many boats are in the USA/North America? 5000

Where is your One-Design class typically sailed in the USA? List regions of the country:

East Coast, Gulf Coast, West Coast, Great Lakes, sprinkled throughout the middle of the country

Does this class have a spinnaker or gennaker? Yes

How many people sail as a crew including the helm?  2

Ideal combined weight of range of crew:  240-300

Boat Designed in  1970

Length (feet/inches): 13’9″

Beam: 5’4″

Weight of rigged boat without sails: 240

Mast Height:

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Boat Specifications

Designed as a youth trainer for the larger Olympic class International 470 the International 420 is an RYA recognised pathway boat in the UK with a vibrant and well attended youth racing and training circuit.

Constructed in fiberglass, its one design nature appears to youth sailors who sail at both club level or at an International level and want the fun and exhilaration of sailing a trapeze boat

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Twenty years, the Club 420 was developed in response to the growing need for a more durable, high-performance, double-handed racing dinghy that could stand up to the rigors of club and collegiate programs. Ideal for crews ranging in size from 220-300 lbs., the Club 420 is manageable for sailors coming out of the Optimist class and enables young sailors to learn teamwork, trapeze and spinnaker techniques. The Club 420 is simple and safe for beginning sailors and yet challenging enough for collegiate champions. The Club 420 offers more learning opportunities than any other double-handed boat you can find. The Club 420 Class Association promotes events on the local, regional, and national levels in North America. The Zim C420 has quickly become the Club 420 of choice for yacht clubs, community sailing programs, and individuals. One-design sailors want the strongest, lightest, most durable boats and rigging available. We’ve met this demand with proven boat construction techniques and a race rigging package that ensure performance, strength, and durability. This durability has led to many happy repeat customers. The Zim 420 Pro racing boat continues to prove itself on the course with victories at local, regional, National, and North American Championship regattas C420 Construction • Toughened resin and plexus bond for superior strength and durability • Colored gelcoat racing stripes on aft end of cockpit or traditional grey deck • Matching smoke gray rudder blade and centerboard • All through-deck mounted hardware is supported by tapped aluminum backing plates • Shroud chain plate is a forged eye strap supported with an aluminum back-up bar under the rail Hardware • Harken Carbo cleats and blocks • Roller pins on shrouds instead of guy hooks • Mylar centerboard gaskets • Low drag bailer with replaceable parts • Round traveler bar Sails & Rigging • North Sails class approved mainsail, jib, and spinnaker • Custom Spinnaker colors available • Zim Race Rigging • Dyneema main halyard for max hoist and low stretch • Spliced single adjustment mainsheet bridle • 16:1 Dyneema vang • FSE Robline line package • 2:1 rudder downhaul • Pulley trapeze rings; handle and ring are both adjustable for gross and fine tuning • Tapered aluminum spinnaker pole • Dwyer aluminum mast and boom

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Z420: New Ride, New Style

• By Rachel Perry
• Updated: July 15, 2014

The effort to modernize the C420, the workhorse of college sailing, has been years in the making, with the ultimate goal being a boat that’s lighter, stronger, and faster. LaserPerformance’s Z420, built to these attributes, will be at 12 colleges by year’s end, and sailors and coaches that have tested the prototype and final model conclude the boat is more responsive. As a result, experienced college sailors, and transitioning high school sailors, will be making adjustments to proven techniques and habits.

“Sailors are finding their tacks are faster,” says Adam Werblow, LaserPerformance’s director of institutional sales. “Their weight is farther forward, and the boat is more responsive to sail trim and weight adjustments.”

The hull shape of the Z420 is exactly the same as the C420, but it’s a significantly lighter and more durable boat because of Soric core material, buoyancy tanks in the bow, and a structural spine that runs nearly the length of the hull. Because of its lighter weight, the Z420 accelerates faster out of basic boathandling maneuvers and can plane more easily in the right conditions. “There is more precision where boathandling is concerned,” says Dartmouth co-head coach, Justin Assad. “The C420 handled like a Mack truck. These boats are snappier.”

Zach Leonard, Yale University’s head coach, points out that weight placement shifts forward because the boat floats higher in the water: “Since the bow is lighter, it allows the crew to sit farther forward and keep the knuckle in the water.”

The lighter weight of the Z420 also allows sailors to use a “low mode” when sailing upwind to induce planing. Shifting into this low mode simply requires a slight ease of the jib sheet and a hard hike to the flatten boat. This mode is effective in shifty or especially breezy conditions, and can provide an extra boost of acceleration in a good lane off the starting line.

The counter to this low mode, however, is a surprisingly higher sheeting angle. The jib leads are positioned farther inboard than a C420, which makes for a flatter jib and the ability to point much higher. “We found in light breeze, they will point exactly the same as an FJ,” says Werblow.

At the 2013 Mrs. Hurst Bowl, where the boats were first used in competition, Assad noticed that sailors were pointing too high, however, and says sailors more familiar with the C420 will have to “recalibrate their feel to what they were doing before college sailing.” And for those who’ve only ever sailed in college and high school, this will mean an even bigger adjustment.

Across the board, teams are using less weather sheet than a C420, but there’s still a learning process here. While practicing straight-line boatspeed, Assad says his team is experimenting with the amount of windward sheet the crews are using. New sail designs are also being tested to compensate for the change in jib lead placement.

While competitors are not allowed to individually set mast-rake adjustment, Sta-Master turnbuckles still offer the opportunity for sailors to better understand mast rake. “It will provide a little more of a dynamic game,” says Leonard. “The potential is now there for the sailors to learn a lot more from sailing these high-performance boats.”

At the Mrs. Hurst Bowl, Assad experimented with rake. “The boats sailed better,” he says. “Rake adjustment seems to be the best depowering control.”

Werblow reports that all colleges that have ordered Z420s will have Sta-Masters. “It brings in the fun parts of Lark sailing, and fits the bill in a much more realistic sense,” he says. “It’s a bit of a hassle to change everything [for competition], but the Sta-Masters will make rake adjustment a more viable option as far as powering and depowering are concerned.”

Another area of development involves the vang, which can be kept forward on the mast for the crew or led aft to the traveler bar for the skipper. St. Mary’s sailor John Wallace says, “As a skipper, I like having control of the vang both upwind and downwind … similar to a Laser vang control mindset.”

There will be much to learn and discover as sailors spend more time with the boat, but these experiences will be valuable for sailors after they graduate, too, says Leonard. “We realized [the C420s] are training sailors for keelboat sailing,” he says. “The Z420 should better prepare sailors for the world of high-performance boats.”

New for the Z420

Colleges can keep the vang forward on the mast for the crew to adjust or lead it aft to the traveler bar.

A forward bulkhead makes for a safer boat, as water can no longer rush into the bow and cause the boat to submarine.

Jib leads are placed farther inboard than on a C420. As a result, teams are using less windward sheet and finding that they can point higher with the flatter jib.

The angular geometry of the Z420 hull should eliminate the possibility of pressure cracks on the hull. Areas prone to impact pressure are infused with foam for strength.

The Z420 is lighter and stronger than the C420 because of Soric core material and an infused molding process. The hull shape is the same as the C420, but the Z420 is made up of only three molded components (hull, deck, and mast partners) to the C420’s six.

This article first appeared in the May/June 2014 issue of Sailing World.

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