stormy weather sailing yacht

Sparkman & Stephens “Stormy Weather”

Sail Number: 115

“Stormy Weather” Specifications:

LOA: 53′ 11″ / 16.43m – LWL: 39′ 9″ / 12.12m – Beam: 12′ 0″/ 3.66m – Draft: 7′ 11″ / 2.41m – Design Number: 27 – Rig: Yawl – Displacement: 44,800 lbs – Sail Area: 1,332 sq ft – Designer: Sparkman & Stephens -/Built By: Henry Nevins, City Island N.Y. – Hull: Philippine Mahogany on New England White Oak – Original Owner: Philip LeBoutillier – Current Owner: Christopher Spray – Launched: 14th of May 1934 (christened by Mrs Polly LeBoutillier)

Olin has said with typical modesty:

“I agree that at the time Stormy was built the distinction between racer and cruiser/racer was blurred and the plan title reflects that fact. But I think it was true that both the owner and I were making our best efforts toward a no compromise approach to a winner. In my opinion the label was fortuitous. I think we all liked to say “oh this boat is really for cruising, isn’t it nice she’s so fast”. A nice back up position but I’d rather say that Stormy did what she was designed to do.”

Historical:

An evolution from Olin Stephens equally famous Dorade (1929), Stormy Weather, was designed when he was only twenty-five. Stormy Weather was launched into a hazy morning on 14 May 1934, and was christened by Miss Polly LeBoutillier, the daughter of the owner. On seeing the yacht out of the water at Nevins Yard John Alden is quoted as saying, “In my opinion a better design would be impossible to achieve.”

Mr. LeBoutillier had not decided on a name for his vessel as she was being built at the Henry B. Nevins Yard, City Island, New York in late 1933 and into ’34. It wasn’t until dining, at The Montauk Manor resort on Long Island, while he heard the song “Stormy Weather” sung by Lena Horne, and written by Harold Arlen and Ted Koehler, that he chose the name for his new boat.

Within weeks of her launch, the Seawanhaka Corinthian Yacht Club organized a special match between Stormy and Dorade at the annual Spring Regatta. It was recorded: “At this regatta, an omen of future Seawanhaka competition was indicated in a special match between two great ocean racing yawls, both designed by Olin Stephen and both winners of a Fastnet race. Stormy Weather (Philip Le Boutillier) of Seawanhaka defeated Dorade (Olin and Rod Stephens) by three minutes.”

In 1935, she won both the Newport-Bergen Transatlantic race and the Fastnet race. A remarkable achievement which began an illustrious long and successful racing career.

Known Racing History:

2015 – RORC Freddie Morgan Trophy Winner 2001 – America’s Cup Jubilee – First in Class 1995 – Fasnet Race – First in Class 1954 – Storm Trysail Race – First Overall 1948 – Southern Ocean Racing Conference (SORC) – First Overall 1947 – Bluenose Trophy(Great Lakes) – First Overall 1941 – Southern Ocean Racing Conference (SORC) – First Overall 1937-1941 – Miami-Nassau Winner – Note 1938 Weather – Six Boats Retired – One Sunk 1936 – Newport Bermuda Race – First in Class – Second Overall – Forty-Two Boats Retired Damaged 1935 – Newport-Bergen, Norway Transatlantic Race Winner 1935 – Fastnet Race Winner

Known Restoration History:

2000-2001 – Cantiere Navale dell’Argentario

Provenance (The Wall of Remembrance – The Owners, Crew & Notable Guest):

• Commissioning Owner/Guardian (1934-1936) Philip LeBoutillier, President of the Best & Co. department store, Fifth Avenue, N.Y.
• 1935 Transatlantic Race Skipper: Rod Stephens
• 1935 Transatlantic Race Crew: Philip Le Boutillier, Jr.
• 1935 Transatlantic Race Crew: Everard C. “Ducky” Endt
• 1935 Transatlantic Race Crew: Professor Ken Davidson
• 1935 Transatlantic Race Crew: Edward “Plugety” Foster
• 1935 Transatlantic Race Navigator: Chick Larkin
• 1935 Transatlantic Race Cook: Joe Blagdon
• Owner/Guardian: (1936) General Robert Johnson
• Owner/Guardian: William Labrot
• Owner/Guardian: Fred Temple
• Owner/Guardian: General Trubee Davidson
• Owner/Guardian: (1954) James J. O’Neil, Oyster Bay, N.Y.
• Owner/Guardian: (1983) Paul Adamthwaite, retired British Royal Navy Commander
• Owner/Guardian: Virginia and Christopher Spray, French Riviera (Nice-Cannes)
• Captain: Tarquin Place, Tasmania

Lena Horne – Stormy Weather (1943)

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One Comment

I sailed Bermuda to France in that boat

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Stormy Weather

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Olin j spephens, henry b nevins yard, ny, sailing class, vintage marconi, sail number, bermudian yawl.

Designed by Olin Stephens when he was only twenty-five, Stormy Weather was launched from the Henry Nevins yard in New York in 1934. The following year she won both the Newport-Bergen Transatlantic race and the Fastnet race. This was the beginning of an illustrious racing career.

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Yachting World

• Digital Edition

Video: 6 of the best heavy weather sailing videos

• Harriett Ferris
• June 18, 2017

Watch our pick of the most dramatic heavy weather videos

This first video of heavy weather sailing is our from our Storm Sailing Series with Skip Novak . It was probably the most ambitious project Yachting World has ever undertaken: to head for Cape Horn with high latitudes doyen Skip Novak to make a series on Storm Sailing Techniques . Here is one of our most popular videos, rounding Cape Horn in Storm Force 10 conditions…

Hallberg Rassy are known for being heavy, sturdy, seaworthy boats.  This video shows Hallberg Rassy 48 Elysium in heavy weather off Cape Gris Nez, northern France in 2014. The yacht seems to be handling well, able to use a Raymarine lineair 7000 autopilot depsite the conditions.

This compilation is from the BT Global Challenge round the world race, a crewed race westabout the prevailing winds in one-design steel 72-footers. It took amateur crews upwind through the Southern Ocean from Cape Horn to New Zealand and from Australia to Cape Town. This footage shows some of the weather they experienced and what the crews endured – and watch out for some footage of the race leaders fighting it out under trysail during a severe storm in the Cook Strait in New Zealand.

Single-handed sailor Berthold Hinrichs sailing in Hinlopenstretet. It is the 150km long strait between Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet in Svalbard, Norway and can be difficult to pass because of pack ice.

A fun compilation video of sailing in strong breeze including 2 wipeouts, 1 dismasting and 1 guy going for a swim…

Our last example comes from popular YouTube channel Sailing SV Delos , as the crew tackle a 50-knot gale on the crossing to Madagascar. Skip to 8:00 for the stormy stuff:

If you enjoyed this….

Yachting World is the foremost international magazine for bluewater cruisers and offshore sailors.  Every month we have practical features to help you plan and prepare to realise your sailing dreams. Build your knowledge month by month with a subscription delivered to your door – and at a discount to the cover price.  S ee our latest offers now.

Sailing Your Sailboat In A Storm: The Ultimate Guide

No one in their right mind chooses to direct their sailboat into a storm, and you shouldn’t either!

There’s a reason that so many songs about sailing and sailing quotes are based around storms at sea – they’re dramatic and terrifying and awe-inspiring. So inspiring that people feel the need to write about them.

In our 4 years of full-time sailing, we have only been caught out a few times. It’s never fun when you are but each time it happens you build trust in yourself and how your sailboat handles storm conditions.

The good news is that you can prepare yourself and your sailboat for storms without having to head out into one. There are several steps you can go through to ensure that if and when the time comes, you’re ready.

Sailing in stormy conditions can be a daunting experience for even the most experienced sailors. However, with the right knowledge, preparation, and mindset, you can navigate through the raging tempest and emerge safely on the other side.

In this ultimate guide, we will equip you with the essential skills and advice to sail your sailboat confidently in stormy weather.

Whether you’re an experienced sailor looking to refine your storm tactics or a beginner eager to explore the world of sailing, this guide will provide you with the tools to face the fury of nature head-on.

As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. We also earn from other affiliate programs. This means we may receive a small commission on products purchased through our links at no extra cost to you.

Table of Contents

Pre-storm sailing checks, storm sails, your sailboat in big waves.

• Post Storm Assessment

Conclusion: Your Sailboat In A Storm

The key to sailing in a storm is being prepared. We knew this, and yet the first time we got caught in big weather we weren’t prepared at all, and we felt really stupid for it.

Don’t be us!

You should be prepared for bad weather every single time you leave the safety of the harbour. You never know when the weather will change on you and you should always know exactly what you’ll do when that happens.

Here are a few things you can do while the weather is calm to help you prepare for the worst case scenario.

The Science of Storms

Understanding the dynamics of storms, including their formation, movement, and intensification, will enable you to make informed decisions before you even leave the anchorage.

You don’t need to become a weather expert, but you should learn how to read the weather using various sailing forecasts, and be aware of all the different tools available to you.

Another key skill is knowing weather patterns in the specific area you’re sailing in. Ask local fishermen and sailors how to spot bad weather and ‘read the skies’ as well as the forecasts.

In Greece, for example, you can predict the onset of the Meltemi winds by watching for dew on the deck. You can also learn a lot from watching the fishing boats. If they suddenly flock to port it’s a sure sign there will be bad weather on the way!

Preparing Your Sailboat

Properly equipping your sailboat before setting sail is crucial for handling a storm.

We always do pre-sail checks before setting off on a passage, but after days of sailing in calm weather, it’s easy to get complacent. Especially when there’s a favourable forecast.

This was our biggest mistake in one of the big storms we got stuck in. We usually stow our paddleboards, but we were forecast great weather and decided to tie them down on deck instead. We lost one over the side after a huge wave ripped it out of the lines and washed it overboard. Luckily it wasn’t anything more important.

You need to check for things like working bilge pumps, check your marine batteries and that you have a healthy running engine, do regular rigging inspections, check your sailboat mast , and check the quality of your lines and sails. These sorts of things should all be part of your going-to-sea checklist and are easy to keep on top of because they’re so vital.

The things that are easier to forget, but just as important, are things like ensuring hatches and portholes are properly closed and fastened, cupboards are all latched, and everything is stowed away safely.

I read a really interesting account of a couple who got caught in a severe storm. When a wave hit their top-loading fridge flew open spilling the contents everywhere. Eggs all over the floor made it impossible to move around below deck safely, and serious injuries occurred.

Think of everything, every time! And make it part of your daily routine.

Safety Equipment

Alongside your regular boat checks should be regular safety equipment checks.

To begin with, you should make sure you have all the safety equipment onboard before heading out to sea. This includes things like lifejackets , tethers, jackstays, liferafts, EPIRBS, grab bags, flares, etc.

You should make sure you inspect safety equipment regularly. Keep on top of things like recharging lifejackets and getting liferafts inspected regularly. Make sure your life sling is free to run. Make sure you have a sailing knife somewhere handy.

You should also know how to use your safety equipment and regularly practice your man overboard drills.

S eamanship Techniques

Once you find yourself sailing through a storm, it’s vital to know how to handle your sailboat effectively. This requires knowing your boat and how it handles best and will take some practice.

You can practice in calm weather, you don’t need to be in the middle of a storm to figure out certain techniques (and you shouldn’t be!) Make storm tactic practice a regular part of your sailing routine, and make sure the crew is aware of what you’ll do if heavy weather creeps up on you.

We’ll take a more in-depth look at different storm tactics below!

Crew Safety and Communication

In a storm, the safety of you and your crew is paramount. Before you head out to sea you should always brief your crew so they know all the major systems onboard. Imagine you got knocked unconscious – what would they need to know to get you and the boat to safety?

They should all have appropriate safety equipment and know your rules on using it. It’s important they trust and respect you as the skipper, because if things get tough out there you’ll want them to follow your orders.

You need to make sure they are comfortable with the way you run your ship. It’s easy to bark orders that are difficult to understand when you’re under pressure, so it’s up to you as captain to practice good communication skills onboard.

Mental Preparedness

Sailing in stormy conditions can be mentally and physically demanding. Often the sailboat is fine in a storm, but the people onboard fall apart long before the boat will.

Storms bring rough seas, and rough seas bring seasickness, anxiety, fear, and panic. You need to know what you’ll do if one or more of your crew becomes able to play their role.

When we got caught in big seas on a passage from Croatia to Greece Adam was flat on his back with seasickness for most of the journey. Luckily I knew the boat well enough to single-hand for large chunks of time, and he knew how to handle his seasickness well enough that he could take short watches while I slept.

Being prepared for this mentally by knowing the boat and our own capabilities played a huge role in the fact we managed to get the boat to safety.

Storm Tactics

Make sure you carefully think through your storm tactics and share them with your crew before you head out to sea. Here are a few storm tactics that might be worth practicing on calmer sails, so you know exactly what to do when bad weather hits.

This seems like a daft one to put first, but hypothermia will kill you much quicker than a storm. Luckily when we got really caught out it was summer and the temperatures were high, but even so we very quickly realised how stupid we were for heading out without decent sailing foulies.

The night was a very cold, very wet one. We survived it, but we vowed we would have all the proper kit before ever heading out to sea again.

As a minimum, make sure you have easily accessible layers (you do not want to be rummaging around below in a bad sea state), a decent sailing jacket and waterproof trousers, non-skid shoes, or even better, sailing boots .

For colder climates, it’s wise to consider a sailing drysuit .

Before the storm picks up make sure you’re kitted out. One rogue wave that sneaks overboard before you have your waterproof layers on could be a real killer.

One of the first steps to take in any sailboat when the weather picks up is to reef the sails . It’s unlikely that a storm will go from 0 knots to 60 (though obviously this can happen!) so as the wind builds, so should the reefs in your sails.

Reefing is simply making the sail area smaller. Different boats will have different points at which they need to reef, and your sail set up will be different too. Offshore sailors often have three reefing points in their sails so they can make them as small as possible.

Reefing the mainsail is hardest. You might need to go up to the mast to drop the sail a portion of the way down before trimming the sail again.

Foresails like jibs are often on furlers, and can be furled away as small as you like. You’ll just want to be careful the sails are balanced so you don’t have to work too hard on the helm.

Once your sailboat is fully reefed and still struggling in the wind speeds you’re getting, it’s time to consider putting up your storm sail.

Your storm sail is a vital piece of safety gear on board.

Storm sails are specialized sails designed to be used in extreme weather conditions, particularly during storms or heavy winds. They are smaller, stronger, and more heavily reinforced than regular sails, allowing a sailboat to maintain control and reduce the risk of damage or capsize in challenging weather.

Here are the main types of storm sails commonly used:

• Storm Jib: The storm jib is a small headsail that is hanked or attached to the forestay closer to the deck. It is typically made of heavy-duty fabric and has a high-cut clew (lower corner) to prevent interference with the deck or waves. The storm jib is used when the wind becomes too strong for the regular headsail, providing better control and stability.
• Storm Trisail: A storm trisail is a triangular sail that is hoisted on a separate mast track, usually on the aft side of the mast. It is set independently from the mainsail and provides an alternative to using the main in extreme conditions. The storm trisail is typically made of heavy-duty fabric and has a shorter luff (leading edge) than the regular mainsail.
• Storm Staysail: A storm staysail is a small sail set between the mast and the forestay. It is usually hanked or attached to a removable stay or a dedicated inner forestay. The storm staysail provides additional stability and control when conditions are too severe for other sails. It is typically made of heavy-duty fabric and has a high-cut clew to avoid interference.

Storm sails are designed to handle high winds and heavy seas, allowing a sailboat to maintain some degree of maneuverability and control.

They are usually constructed from stronger and more durable materials, such as heavy Dacron or woven synthetic fibers, and often feature reinforced stitching and webbing to withstand the increased loads and forces experienced in stormy conditions.

It’s important to note that deploying storm sails should be done in advance of extreme weather and in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. P

roper training and experience are crucial for effectively using storm sails, as they require careful sail handling and adjustments to maintain the boat’s balance and stability.

Heaving to in a sailboat is a valuable technique used to effectively manage challenging weather conditions, especially in a storm. It allows you to temporarily pause your boat’s forward progress, stabilize it, and create a safe and controlled environment.

It’s basically putting the brakes on your sailboat.

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to heave to in a sailboat, but bear in mind that every sailboat is slightly different so you will need to play around a bit with your individual boat in calm weather to work out what works best for your boat and crew.

• Assess the conditions: Determine if heaving to is the appropriate strategy for the current situation. Heaving to is most effective in moderate to heavy winds and moderate seas. If conditions are extreme or dangerous, it may be safer to consider alternative tactics or seek shelter.
• Prepare the boat: Before executing the maneuver, prepare your sailboat by reefing the sails. Reduce the sail area to a level that provides sufficient control while minimizing the boat’s forward motion. Typically, this involves reefing the mainsail by lowering it partially or completely and adjusting the headsail accordingly.
• Decide on the tack: Choose the tack to heave to based on factors such as wind direction, sea state, and the boat’s handling characteristics. The tack selection can vary depending on the boat’s design and personal preference. In general, choose the tack that allows the boat to face into the wind with the mainsail backed.
• Head up into the wind: Turn the boat into the wind by steering toward the chosen tack. This maneuver will cause the boat’s forward momentum to decrease as it approaches a position directly facing into the wind.
• Backwind the headsail: Once the boat is pointing into the wind, backwind the headsail to help balance the forces acting on the boat. To do this, ease the headsail sheet, allowing it to fill on the opposite side of the boat from its normal position. This action will counteract the forward drive and assist in keeping the boat stationary or with minimal drift.
• Adjust the rudder: Set the rudder position to maintain balance and control. Depending on the boat’s design and behavior, you may need to experiment with the rudder angle to achieve the desired heaving to effect. In some cases, you may need to lock the helm in position or use a tiller-tamer device to maintain the rudder angle.
• Fine-tune and monitor: Once in the hove-to position, make any necessary adjustments to the sails, rudder, and other controls to achieve a stable and comfortable balance. Monitor the boat’s behavior, making sure it only drifts very slowly.

The boat won’t actually stop. It will typically lie about 60 degrees off the wind, sailing at around 1 knot, and sliding to leeward.

The motion will be much less than under sail, and dramatically more stable and pleasant than dropping all sails and lying ahull. You will also be using up less sea room than if you run before the storm at great speed.

Heaving to provides a stable platform in which you can wait out a storm, take a break, or perform necessary tasks while minimizing the boat’s motion and maintaining control.

It’s important to note that the specific technique may vary depending on your sailboat’s design and the prevailing conditions, so always consult your sailboat’s manual or seek guidance from experienced sailors for your particular boat type.

Drogue Or Sea Anchor

A drogue or sea anchor is a device used in boating and sailing to provide stability and control in heavy weather or when facing strong currents, winds or waves. Its primary purpose is to reduce a boat’s drift and help maintain a more stable position relative to wind and waves.

Here are the key points and benefits of using a drogue or sea anchor:

• Reducing drift: In stormy conditions, strong winds and currents can cause a boat to drift uncontrollably, potentially leading to loss of steering and stability. By deploying a drogue or sea anchor, the device creates drag in the water, effectively slowing down the boat’s drift and providing a steadier position.
• Enhancing stability: When a drogue or sea anchor is deployed from the stern of a boat, it helps to stabilize the vessel by reducing yawing (side-to-side motion) and rolling caused by wind and waves. This stability can be crucial for crew safety, preventing excessive motion and reducing the risk of capsizing or broaching.
• Improving safety: In extreme conditions, using a drogue or sea anchor can significantly improve overall safety on board. It reduces the risk of broaching (where the boat is turned broadside to the waves) and pitch-poling (when the boat’s bow is driven under a breaking wave), both of which can lead to dangerous situations. The device helps to create a controlled environment, minimizing the chances of damage, injuries, or loss of control.

We have never needed to use our drogue, but we have been close even in the Mediterranean, so it’s good to be prepared.

If you don’t have one but you find yourself in storm conditions where you need one, then doing something like hanging lines from the stern of the boat can actually make quite a big difference,

Sailing in big waves is not for the faint of heart, but if you trust your boat and your captain it can be an exciting experience!

One of the hardest things about sailing in big waves is steering. Your most experienced helmsman should be on the helm when the weather gets rough. Reading the waves is vital.

One of the key things to remember is that you must not sail on a reach across tall, breaking waves. If they hit you at the right angle and at the right time there is every possibility they could roll the boat. It’s a good idea to be familiar with capsize ratio and what this could mean for you.

If you have to sail upwind (we would do everything possible to avoid this!) then aim towards the parts of the wave that aren’t breaking. There is huge force in breaking waves and you want to avoid them if you can. Or you might lose your paddleboard!

Tack in smooth water if possible, and try to keep the speed up as you’re going over the waves so you don’t lose steerage.

The best option is to sail on a broad reach. Even though we knew this we still attempted to sail upwind to reach our destination and it simply wasn’t possible in our older, heavy displacement boat. Instead, we turned downwind and ran all the way to Italy. It wasn’t where we needed to go (far from it) but as soon as we turned downwind the ride got a whole lot more comfortable and manageable.

When running downwind you will just need to be careful you don’t broach and turn the boat beam on to a wave. This might mean you need to deploy a drogue to slow the boat down.

Post-Storm Assessment

After the storm has passed, it’s essential to assess any damage and evaluate your performance. Someone we know sailed through the night in a storm and when he reached port he carried out a rigging inspection (knowing how much strain had been put on it).

He’s lucky the mast didn’t come down while he was up there, as there were some pretty serious points of failure just about to give. If he’d gone out sailing without checking it out first he could have been in big trouble!

Along with checking the boat for any damage it’s a great idea to do a storm debrief with your crew. Think through the things you managed really well and the things you would have done differently (there’s always something!)

Every scenario is so different, so it’s great to build up a mental picture of things that worked in certain situations and things that didn’t. Next time you get caught in bad weather you’ll be even better prepared.

In conclusion, sailing in a storm is undoubtedly one of the most challenging and intense experiences a sailor can face. It will test your skills, courage, and resilience to the core.

Yet, it is also during these tempestuous moments that the true spirit of sailing shines through. The stormy seas teach us invaluable lessons about ourselves and our abilities as sailors. It’s where I have really built confidence in my sailboat and my own strengths.

While the prospect of sailing in a storm may seem daunting, it is important to remember that with proper preparation, knowledge, and seamanship, it is possible to navigate through even the fiercest of storms. You’ll probably give up long before your sailboat will!

Understanding weather patterns, having a well-maintained vessel, and equipping oneself with the necessary safety gear are crucial steps to minimize risks.

During a storm, it is essential to remain calm and focused. Keep a clear mind, assess the situation, and make informed decisions. Trust your instincts and rely on your training and experience. Remember that storms are temporary, and your skill as a sailor will guide you towards safer waters.

Sailing in a storm also fosters a profound connection with nature. It reminds us of the immense power and unpredictability of the sea. As the winds howl and the waves crash, there is an undeniable sense of awe and respect for the forces at play.

While I wasn’t holding on for dear life, I did have time to stare in awe at the power of the ocean and it was quite an incredible feeling to be in the middle of it all. It’s the main reason people think of sailing as dangerous , and I could see why in that moment!

Lastly, sailing in a storm builds character. It teaches us perseverance, adaptability, and problem-solving skills. It cultivates a sense of resilience and fortitude that extends far beyond the realm of sailing.

In the end, while sailing in a storm may not be for the faint of heart, it is an experience that pushes us to our limits and reveals the true strength within us. But please don’t head out into one on purpose – one will find you soon enough!

It is in the face of adversity that we grow as sailors and as individuals. So, if you ever find yourself caught in a storm at sea, embrace the challenge, trust your skills, and let the storm propel you towards a greater understanding of yourself and the remarkable world of sailing.

If you’re looking for something a little more uplifting to read after this article then check out the best ocean captions for Instagram , which are a lot more light hearted and fun that talking about storms!

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How to Survive Sailing in a Storm: Tips and Tricks for a Safe Voyage

The thrill of sailing on calm waters is an experience like no other, but sometimes, Mother Nature has other plans. As a sailor, it’s crucial to be prepared for the unexpected, including sailing through a storm. 

The phrase “sail through the storm” may sound counterintuitive, but it refers to the actions you need to take to safely navigate stormy weather while aboard a sailing vessel. 

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore what to do when sailing in a storm, how ships survive these tempestuous conditions, and the steps you can take to ensure your safety.

Key Takeaways Sailing in a storm is not something to take lightly. It requires careful planning, preparation, and execution. The best way to avoid sailing in a storm is to check the weather forecast regularly and plan your route accordingly. If possible, seek shelter before the storm hits or sail away from its path. If you have to sail through a storm, you need to reduce your sail area, balance your boat, steer actively, and secure everything on deck and below. There are different storm tactics that you can use depending on the wind direction, wave height, sea room, and boat type. Some of the most common ones are sailing under storm sails, running before the storm with a drogue, heaving-to, lying ahull, or anchoring. No matter what tactic you choose, you need to monitor the situation closely and be ready to adapt if necessary. You also need to take care of yourself and your crew by staying hydrated, rested, warm, and calm.

What is a Storm?

Before we dive into the details of sailing in a storm, let’s first define what we mean by a storm. 

At this level, the sea is completely covered with long white patches of foam, and visibility is greatly reduced.

Of course, not all storms are created equal. Some storms are more severe than others, depending on factors such as wind direction, wind duration, air pressure, temperature, humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, lightning, thunder, etc. 

Some storms are also more localized than others, meaning they affect only a small area for a short time. For example, squalls are sudden bursts of strong wind that usually last for less than an hour and can occur in clear or cloudy weather.

The most dangerous storms for sailors are tropical cyclones (also known as hurricanes or typhoons), which are large rotating systems of clouds and thunderstorms that form over warm ocean waters. 

These storms can have wind speeds of over 74 knots (85 mph) and can cause massive waves, storm surges, flooding, landslides, and damage to coastal areas. 

Tropical cyclones are classified into five categories based on their maximum sustained wind speed:

Tropical cyclones usually form between June and November in the Atlantic Ocean and between May and November in the Pacific Ocean. 

They have different names depending on where they occur:

The best way to avoid sailing in a tropical cyclone is to stay away from its path. You can track the location and movement of tropical cyclones using satellite images, radio broadcasts, websites, apps, or other sources of information. 

You can also use tools such as the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale or the Dvorak Technique to estimate the intensity of a tropical cyclone based on its appearance.

How to Prepare for Sailing in a Storm

The best way to deal with sailing in a storm is to prevent it from happening in the first place. This means planning your trip carefully and checking the weather forecast regularly before and during your voyage. You should also have a contingency plan in case things go wrong.

Here are some steps you can take to prepare for sailing in a storm:

Check the Weather Forecast

The weather forecast is your best friend when it comes to sailing safely. You should always check the weather forecast before you leave port and update it frequently while you are at sea. You should also pay attention to any weather warnings or alerts that may indicate an approaching storm.

There are many sources of weather information that you can use depending on your location and equipment. Some of them are:

• VHF radio: You can listen to marine weather broadcasts from local stations or coast guard services that provide information on wind speed and direction, wave height and period, sea state, visibility, precipitation, cloud cover, air pressure, temperature, and humidity. You can also request specific weather information from some stations or services using voice or digital selective calling (DSC).
• HF radio: You can receive weather fax images or text messages from various stations around the world that transmit information on synoptic charts, satellite images, wind/wave analysis, tropical cyclone warnings, etc. You need an HF radio receiver and a modem or software to decode the signals.
• NAVTEX: You can receive text messages from coastal stations that broadcast information on navigational warnings, meteorological warnings, ice reports, search and rescue information, etc. You need a NAVTEX receiver or an HF radio receiver with NAVTEX capability to receive the messages.
• NOAA National Weather Service
• NOAA National Hurricane Center
• PredictWind
• Buoyweather
• PassageWeather
• WeatherTrack
• Barometer: You can measure the air pressure using a barometer or an electronic device that has a barometer function. You can use the barometer readings to detect changes in the weather conditions. A falling barometer indicates an approaching low-pressure system that may bring bad weather. A rising barometer indicates an approaching high-pressure system that may bring good weather.

When checking the weather forecast, you should look for signs of an impending storm such as:

• A rapid drop in air pressure
• A sudden increase in wind speed or direction
• A change in cloud type or cover
• A change in temperature or humidity
• A change in visibility or precipitation
• A presence of lightning or thunder
• The presence of waterspouts or funnel clouds

You should also compare different sources of weather information to get a more accurate picture of the situation. Sometimes different sources may have conflicting or outdated information due to errors or delays in transmission or reception.

Plan Your Route

Once you have checked the weather forecast, you should plan your route accordingly. You should avoid sailing into areas where storms are likely to occur or where they may trap you against land or other obstacles. You should also have alternative destinations or safe havens in case you need to change your plans or seek shelter.

There are different tools and methods that you can use to plan your route, such as:

• Paper charts: You can use paper charts to plot your course and waypoints using a pencil, ruler, compass, and dividers. You should also have a chart table or a flat surface where you can spread out your charts and keep them dry and secure. Paper charts are reliable and easy to use, but they can be bulky, expensive, and outdated.
• Electronic charts: You can use electronic charts on your laptop, tablet, smartphone, or dedicated chart plotter device. You can also download or update your charts online or offline. Electronic charts are convenient and interactive, but they can be inaccurate, incompatible, or corrupted. They also depend on electricity and GPS signals, which may fail in a storm.
• Online tools: You can use online tools such as OpenSeaMap , SailingEurope , or FastSeas to plan your route using your web browser. You can also access various features such as weather data, nautical charts, marina information, etc. Online tools are useful and versatile, but they require an internet connection, which may not be available or reliable at sea.

When planning your route, you should consider factors such as:

• Distance: You should calculate the distance between your starting point and your destination, as well as between each waypoint along the way. You should also estimate the time it will take you to cover the distance based on your boat speed and the expected weather conditions. You should plan to sail at a comfortable and safe pace, without pushing yourself or your boat too hard.
• Direction: You should determine the direction of your course and waypoints using magnetic bearings or true bearings. You should also account for the variation and deviation of your compass due to the earth’s magnetic field and your boat’s magnetic interference. You should also adjust your course for the effects of wind, current, and leeway on your boat’s movement.
• Depth: You should check the depth of the water along your route using depth soundings or contour lines on your charts. You should also be aware of the tide levels and currents that may affect the depth of the water at different times and locations. You should avoid sailing in shallow water or near rocks, reefs, wrecks, or other hazards that may damage your boat or cause grounding.
• Destination: You should choose your destination carefully based on your preferences and needs. You should also research your destination before you arrive, such as its facilities, services, regulations, customs, culture, etc. You should also have a backup destination in case your primary one is unavailable or unsuitable.

Prepare Your Boat

Surviving a storm requires a great level of preparedness and it all begins long before setting out on a sail. As such, your chances of weathering a storm will increase if your boat is properly prepared to endure bad days on the water.

A major part of controlling your boat and the crew in a heavy storm is being prepared for the worst. This means that you should have your boat properly rigged to easily access anything in short order. Whether you can see a storm coming from far away or see it within seconds and on top of your head, the boat should be well prepared to deal with any condition.

It’s fundamental to ensure that your lifelines are secure, the lines are strong and unworn, and all the emergency gear is on board and up to date. You should also update yourself on the weather on the days you’re planning to go out though it may be inaccurate.

Some of the things you should check and prepare before sailing include:

• Hull integrity : Check for any cracks, leaks, or damage on the hull that could compromise its strength or water tightness. Repair any defects or reinforce any weak spots as needed.
• Rigging : Check all the standing rigging (mast, shrouds, stays) and running rigging (halyards, sheets) for any signs of wear or damage. Replace any frayed or broken lines or fittings. Lubricate any moving parts such as blocks or winches. Make sure all the lines are neatly coiled and secured to prevent tangling or tripping.
• Sails : Check all your sails for any tears or holes that could worsen in high winds. Repair any damage or replace any worn-out sails as needed. Make sure you have at least one set of storm sails (storm jib and trysail) on board that are easy to hoist and lower. Reefing lines should be ready to use at any time.
• Engine : Check your engine for any issues that could affect its performance or reliability. Change the oil and filter if needed. Check the fuel level and quality. Make sure you have enough spare fuel on board. Test the engine before leaving the dock to make sure it starts and runs smoothly.
• Batteries : Check your batteries for any corrosion or damage that could affect their capacity or charge. Make sure they are fully charged before leaving the dock. Test all your electrical systems (lights, instruments, radios) to make sure they work properly.
• Bilge pumps : Check your bilge pumps for any clogs or malfunctions that could prevent them from working effectively. Make sure they are wired correctly and have enough power supply. Test them before leaving the dock to make sure they pump water out of the bilge.
• Emergency gear : Check all your emergency gear for any damage or expiration dates that could affect their usefulness or safety. Make sure you have enough life jackets, harnesses, tethers, liferaft, EPIRB, VHF radio, distress flares, fire extinguishers, first aid kit, etc. on board, and that they are easily accessible and visible. Make sure everyone knows how to use them properly.

Prepare Yourself

Your boat is not the only thing that needs to be prepared for sailing in a storm. You also need to prepare yourself mentally and physically for the challenge. You need to be aware of the risks and consequences of sailing in a storm and be ready to face them. You also need to take care of your health and well-being during the storm.

Here are some steps you can take to prepare yourself for sailing in a storm:

You need to learn as much as you can about sailing in a storm before you encounter one. You need to read books, articles, blogs, forums, etc. that provide information, advice, tips, tricks, stories, etc. about sailing in a storm. 

You also need to watch videos, podcasts, webinars, etc. that show demonstrations, explanations, interviews, testimonials, etc. about sailing in a storm. 

You also need to take courses, workshops, seminars, etc. that teach skills, techniques, strategies, etc. about sailing in a storm. Some examples of learning resources are:

• Storm Tactics Handbook by Lin and Larry Pardey
• Sailing in Storms by Sailing La Vagabonde
• Podcast by The Boat Galley
• Heavy Weather Sailing Course by NauticEd

You need to practice your skills and techniques for sailing in a storm before you face one. You need to practice sailing in different wind and wave conditions and try different storm tactics. 

You also need to practice using your gear and equipment and test their functionality and reliability. You also need to practice communicating with your crew and other boats or shore stations and test their availability and clarity.

The best way to practice sailing in a storm is to sail in moderate weather conditions that simulate some aspects of a storm, such as strong winds, choppy waves, low visibility, etc. 

You should avoid sailing in extreme weather conditions that may endanger your safety or damage your boat. You should also avoid sailing alone or without proper supervision or assistance.

When practicing sailing in a storm, you should follow these steps:

• Choose a suitable location that has enough sea room and no obstacles or hazards.
• Check the weather forecast and choose a time that has favorable conditions for practicing.
• Inform someone on shore about your plan and expected return time.
• Prepare your boat and yourself as if you were sailing in a real storm.
• Sail out of the harbor and head into the wind and waves.
• Try different storm tactics such as reefing, heaving-to, running with a drogue, etc.
• Use your gear and equipment such as storm sails, life jackets, VHF radio, etc.
• Communicate with your crew and other boats or shore stations using voice or signals.
• Monitor the situation closely and be ready to adapt if necessary.
• Sail back to the harbor when you are done practicing or when the conditions change.

You need to rest well before sailing in a storm because you may not get much sleep during the storm. You need to sleep at least eight hours before leaving port and take naps whenever possible while at sea. 

You also need to avoid alcohol, caffeine, or drugs that may affect your sleep quality or alertness.

Sleeping well before sailing in a storm will help you:

• Reduce fatigue and stress and improve mood and motivation
• Enhance memory and learning and improve decision-making and problem-solving
• Boost immunity and healing and prevent illness and injury

You need to eat well before sailing in a storm because you may not have much appetite during the storm. You need to eat balanced meals that provide enough calories and nutrients to sustain your energy and health. 

You also need to avoid spicy or greasy foods that may cause indigestion or nausea.

Eating well before sailing in a storm will help you:

• Maintain blood sugar and blood pressure levels and prevent hypoglycemia or hypertension
• Support muscle and bone strength and prevent weakness or injury

You need to hydrate well before sailing in a storm because you may lose a lot of fluids through sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea during the storm. You need to drink plenty of water or electrolyte drinks that can replenish your hydration and electrolyte levels. 

You also need to avoid alcohol, caffeine, or carbonated drinks that may dehydrate you or upset your stomach.

Hydrating well before sailing in a storm will help you:

• Prevent dehydration and heatstroke and improve thermoregulation and cooling
• Maintain blood volume and circulation and prevent hypotension or shock
• Support kidney and liver function and prevent infection or toxicity

How to Sail Through a Storm

If you have done everything you can to prepare for sailing in a storm, but you still find yourself in one, don’t panic. You need to stay calm and focused and follow some basic principles and procedures to sail safely through the storm.

Here are some steps you can take to sail through a storm:

Reduce Sail Area

The first thing you need to do when sailing in a storm is to reduce your sail area. This will reduce the wind pressure on your boat and make it easier to control and balance. 

You need to reef your sails as soon as possible, before the wind gets too strong and makes it difficult or dangerous to do so. You also need to furl or stow any unnecessary sails, such as spinnakers, genoas, or staysails.

The amount of sail area you need to reduce depends on the wind speed, the wave height, the boat type, and your comfort level. 

As a general rule, you should reef your sails when the wind speed reaches 15 knots (17 mph) and reduce them further for every 5 knots (6 mph) increase. 

You should also reef your sails when the wave height reaches 1 meter (3 feet) and reduce them further for every 0.5 meters (1.5 feet) increase.

You should always reef your mainsail first, then your headsail. This will keep your boat balanced and prevent weather helm (when the boat wants to turn into the wind) or lee helm (when the boat wants to turn away from the wind). You should also reef your sails evenly and symmetrically, without leaving any loose or flapping parts.

If you have storm sails on board, you should hoist them when the wind speed reaches 40 knots (46 mph) or more. You should lower your regular sails completely and secure them on deck or below. 

You should hoist your storm jib just forward of the mast and your storm trysail on a separate track on the mast or on the boom.

Balance Your Boat

The second thing you need to do when sailing in a storm is to balance your boat. This will reduce the heel angle and rolling motion of your boat and make it more stable and comfortable. 

You need to adjust your sail trim, your weight distribution, and your ballast system (if you have one) to achieve a balanced boat.

The sail trim is how you set the angle and shape of your sails relative to the wind direction and strength. You need to trim your sails so that they are not too tight or too loose, but just right. 

You also need to trim your sails so that they are not too full or too flat, but just right. A well-trimmed sail will have a smooth and even curve along its luff (front edge) and leech (back edge), without any wrinkles or creases.

The weight distribution is how you arrange the weight of your crew and gear on board. You need to distribute your weight so that it is not too far forward or too far aft, but just right. 

You also need to distribute your weight so that it is not too far to windward or too far to leeward, but just right. A well-distributed weight will keep your boat level and centered, without any pitching (up-and-down motion) or yawing (side-to-side motion).

The ballast system is how you use water tanks or movable weights to adjust the stability of your boat. You need to use your ballast system so that it is not too full or too empty, but just right. 

You also need to use your ballast system so that it is not too far forward or too far aft, but just right. 

A well-used ballast system will increase the righting moment (the force that keeps your boat upright) and decrease the capsizing moment (the force that tips your boat over).

Steer Actively

The third thing you need to do when sailing in a storm is to steer actively. This will help you avoid being hit by breaking waves or being pushed off course by gusts of wind. 

You need to steer your boat so that it is not too close or too far from the wind direction, but just right. You also need to steer your boat so that it is not too fast or too slow, but just right.

The best way to steer actively is to use a combination of visual cues and instruments. You need to look at the wind indicator (such as a Windex ) on top of your mast or on your sail to see where the wind is coming from. 

You also need to look at the waves around you to see where they are going and how big they are. You also need to look at the compass on your dashboard or on your wrist to see what direction you are heading.

You also need to listen to the sound of the wind in your ears and feel its pressure on your face and body. You also need to listen to the sound of the water against your hull and feel its movement under your feet and seat. 

You also need to listen to the sound of your sails flapping or luffing and feel their tension on your hands.

You also need to use instruments such as GPS, AIS, radar, autopilot, etc. to see where you are, where other boats are, where obstacles are, etc. 

You also need to use instruments such as a speedometer, tachometer, anemometer, etc. to see how fast you are going, how fast your engine is running, how fast the wind is blowing, etc.

You should steer actively using small and smooth movements of the helm or tiller to keep your boat on course and speed. 

You should avoid steering aggressively using large or jerky movements of the helm or tiller that may cause your boat to lose control or speed.

Choose Your Storm Tactic

The fourth thing you need to do when sailing in a storm is to choose your storm tactic. This will help you cope with the wind and wave conditions and reduce the risk of damage or injury. 

You need to choose a storm tactic that suits your boat type, your crew’s ability, and your situation. You also need to have the right equipment and skills to execute your storm tactic.

There are different storm tactics that you can use, such as:

Forereaching

This is when you sail close-hauled with reduced sail area and maintain a slow but steady speed into the wind and waves. This tactic is good for short-duration storms or when you need to stay close to your position. It is also good for boats that have good upwind performance and can handle steep waves. The advantages of this tactic are:

• It keeps the boat stable and balanced
• It reduces the impact of breaking waves
• It allows you to change course or tack if needed

The disadvantages of this tactic are:

• It can be tiring and uncomfortable for the crew
• It can cause excessive leeway and drift
• It can expose the boat to wind shifts or gusts

Running off

This is when you sail downwind with reduced sail area and let the wind and waves push you away from the storm center. This tactic is good for long-duration storms or when you have enough sea room to run. It is also good for boats that have good downwind performance and can handle following seas. The advantages of this tactic are:

• It keeps the boat fast and agile
• It reduces the apparent wind speed and noise
• It allows you to outrun the storm or reach a safe haven
• It can be risky and challenging for the crew
• It can cause broaching or surfing
• It can expose the boat to breaking waves or rogue waves

This is when you stop the boat by setting the sails and rudder in opposite directions and creating a slick of turbulent water that acts as a brake. This tactic is good for extreme storms or when you need to rest or wait. It is also good for boats that have a balanced sail plan and a deep keel. The advantages of this tactic are:

• It keeps the boat calm and steady
• It reduces the stress and fatigue of the crew
• It allows you to conserve fuel and water
• It can be difficult and dangerous to set up or resume sailing
• It can cause drifting or leeway

Lying ahull

This is when you drop all sails and let the boat drift freely with no steerage. This tactic is good for last-resort situations or when you have no other option. It is also good for boats that have a strong hull and a low profile. The advantages of this tactic are:

• It keeps the boat simple and passive
• It requires no effort or skill from the crew
• It allows you to abandon ship if needed
• It keeps the boat vulnerable and unpredictable
• It increases the risk of damage or injury
• It offers no control or direction

Survive the Storm

The fifth and final thing you need to do when sailing in a storm is to survive the storm. This means that you need to do whatever it takes to keep yourself, your crew, and your boat alive and intact until the storm passes. You need to monitor the situation constantly and be ready to adapt or change your plan if necessary. You also need to communicate with your crew and other boats or shore stations and seek help if needed.

Here are some tips to help you survive the storm:

Stay calm and positive

The most important thing you need to do when sailing in a storm is to stay calm and positive. Panic and despair will only make things worse and cloud your judgment. 

You need to trust your boat, your crew, and yourself and believe that you can make it through the storm. You also need to encourage and support your crew and keep their morale high. 

You can use humor, music, games, or stories to lighten the mood and distract from the stress.

Stay alert and aware

The second most important thing you need to do when sailing in a storm is to stay alert and aware. Complacency and negligence will only increase the danger and reduce your chances of survival. 

You need to watch the wind, the waves, the clouds, and the horizon for any signs of change or improvement. You also need to check your boat, your gear, your instruments, and your crew for any signs of damage or injury. 

You also need to listen to weather updates, distress calls, or safety messages on your radio or phone.

Stay safe and secure

The third most important thing you need to do when sailing in a storm is to stay safe and secure. Injury and damage will only worsen the situation and compromise your recovery. 

You need to wear your life jacket, your harness, and your helmet at all times and clip yourself to a strong point on the boat. You also need to secure all loose items on deck or below and close all hatches and ports. 

You also need to avoid going overboard, getting hit by flying objects, or falling down.

Stay warm and dry

The fourth most important thing you need to do when sailing in a storm is to stay warm and dry. Hypothermia and dehydration will only weaken your body and mind and impair your performance. 

You need to wear waterproof and breathable clothing that can protect you from the wind, rain, spray, and cold. You also need to drink plenty of water or electrolyte drinks that can replenish your hydration and electrolyte levels. 

Stay fed and rested

The fifth most important thing you need to do when sailing in a storm is to stay fed and rested. Hunger and fatigue will only lower your energy and health and affect your decision-making and problem-solving. 

You need to eat balanced meals that provide enough calories and nutrients to sustain your energy and health. You also need to sleep at least eight hours before leaving port and take naps whenever possible while at sea. 

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about sailing in a storm:

To sail through the storm means to overcome a difficult or challenging situation with courage and resilience. It can also mean enduring or surviving a storm at sea.

Ships survive storms by following some of the same principles as sailboats: reducing speed, balancing weight, steering into or away from the wind and waves, using stabilizers or ballast tanks, and seeking shelter or open water as needed.

Yes, you should lower sails in a storm, or at least reduce sail area by reefing or switching to storm sails. This will help you control your boat better and prevent damage from high winds.

Sailing ships do different things in a storm depending on their size, type, design, crew, equipment, and situation. Some of the common things they do are: reefing sails, switching to storm sails, running before the storm, heaving-to, lying ahull, forereaching, etc.

You steer a ship in a storm by using your rudder and sails (or engine) to adjust your course and speed according to the wind and wave direction. You should try to avoid sailing on a reach across tall breaking waves, as they can roll your ship over. You should also try to sail away from the storm’s path, especially its dangerous semicircle.

Sailing in a storm is one of the most challenging and rewarding experiences that a sailor can have. It requires a lot of preparation and skill to sail safely through a storm and survive its fury. It also requires a lot of courage and resilience to face the storm and overcome its fear.

By following the steps outlined in this article, you can increase your chances of sailing in a storm successfully and enjoy its thrill. You can also learn valuable lessons and gain confidence from sailing in a storm that will make you a better sailor.

Remember, the best way to deal with a storm is to avoid it if possible, prepare for it if inevitable, and survive it if necessary.

Happy sailing! ⛵️🌊⚡️🌬️🌈

Saiful Emon is the founder and editor of Sun Sea Skis , a sailing blog for adventure seekers. He loves sailing, traveling, and sharing his experiences with others. He also writes about fitness, wellness, business, and marketing in his spare time!

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Sailing in Stormy Weather: How to Handle Rough Seas

Sailing in the pristine waters off the coast of Miami is a dream for many adventure seekers. The city’s vibrant atmosphere, stunning skyline, and the azure waters of the Atlantic Ocean create the perfect backdrop for an unforgettable yachting experience. However, seasoned sailors and novices alike are aware that the open sea can be unpredictable, with rough weather conditions posing a challenge even for the most luxurious Miami yacht charters.

This guide will explore the nuances of sailing in stormy weather and share valuable insights on handling rough seas during your yacht adventure.

Understanding the Dynamics of Rough Seas

Navigating the open sea, especially in locations like Miami, demands a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic and unpredictable nature of rough seas. It serves as the foundational knowledge for devising effective strategies to ensure a secure yachting expedition. Sailors and yachters need to understand a lot of different factors that cause stormy conditions. It’s important to comprehend these factors in order to stay safe.

One primary catalyst for rough seas is the abrupt and unpredictable shifts in weather patterns. In Miami, characterized by its temperamental weather, sudden changes can lead to the rapid development of stormy conditions. The interplay of strong winds further complicates the situation, generating turbulent waves that pose a significant challenge for seafarers.

Being aware of these dynamic elements allows individuals to begin their adventure with a Miami yacht charter to approach their journey with prudence and preparedness. Understanding the nuanced dynamics of rough seas empowers sailors to make informed decisions, adapt to changing conditions, and ensure that their yachting experience in Miami is thrilling but also safe and enjoyable. Armed with this knowledge, enthusiasts can navigate the waters with confidence, appreciating the beauty of the open sea while effectively handling the challenges it may present.

Choosing the Right Yacht Rental in Miami

When planning for a yacht charter in Miami, selecting the right vessel is the first step towards ensuring a safe journey, especially when dealing with stormy weather. Opt for a reputable rental service that provides well-maintained and seaworthy vessels. Luxury yachts designed for stability and with advanced navigation and safety features are ideal for handling rough seas. Prioritize yachts with experienced crew members trained to navigate challenging conditions, ensuring your safety remains the top priority.

Monitor Weather Conditions

Staying informed about the weather is paramount when venturing on a yachting adventure, particularly in Miami, where weather patterns can change rapidly. Utilize modern weather forecasting tools and apps to monitor updates and forecasts regularly. Pay attention to wind speeds, wave heights, and any storm warnings issued by relevant authorities. A proactive approach to weather monitoring lets you plan your itinerary flexibly, avoiding potential rough patches and ensuring a smoother sailing experience.

Plan Ahead and Communicate

Planning is a fundamental aspect of handling rough seas. Before setting sail, consult with the Miami yacht charter company and the experienced crew to discuss the proposed route and potential weather challenges. Develop contingency plans and communicate them clearly to everyone on board. Ensure that passengers know safety protocols, emergency procedures, and the importance of following crew instructions during stormy conditions. A well-prepared crew and informed passengers contribute significantly to the overall safety of the voyage.

Mastering Seamanship Skills

For those looking to embark on a yachting adventure in Miami, mastering basic seamanship skills is invaluable, especially when facing rough seas. Understanding how to navigate, trim sails, and steer the yacht in challenging conditions enhances your ability to respond effectively to changing circumstances. Consider enrolling in sailing courses or hiring an experienced skipper to provide hands-on guidance, imparting essential skills that will empower you to handle adverse weather conditions confidently.

Maintaining Stability: Tips for Handling Rough Seas

Handling a yacht in rough seas requires skill, experience, and the proper techniques to ensure stability and safety for everyone on board. Here are detailed points on maintaining stability and effectively navigating through rough seas:

1. Reduce Speed and Modify Course:

• Purpose: Reducing the yacht’s speed in rough seas is crucial for maintaining control and stability.
• Technique: Modify the course to navigate at an angle to the oncoming waves, minimizing the impact of rough seas.
• Benefit: Slower speeds allow for better handling and responsiveness, ensuring a smoother and more comfortable journey for passengers.

2. Trimming Sails:

• Purpose: Proper sail trimming is essential for maintaining stability in challenging conditions.
• Technique: Adjust the sails to achieve the optimal balance between speed and control. Reefing, the process of reducing sail area, is a common technique to manage solid winds and prevent excessive heeling.
• Benefit: By controlling the sail area, sailors can adapt to varying wind conditions, preventing the yacht from tilting excessively and maintaining stability.

3. Staying Centered:

• Purpose: Keeping the yacht’s centerline aligned with oncoming waves is crucial for stability.
• Technique: Avoid sharp turns and sudden maneuvers, as these actions can lead to instability and discomfort for passengers.
• Benefit: By staying centered, the yacht can ride the waves more smoothly, reducing the risk of capsizing or extreme rolling.

4. Utilize Stabilization Systems:

• Purpose: Many modern luxury Miami yacht charters offer advanced stabilization systems to reduce the rolling motion caused by waves.
• Technique: Gyroscopic and fin stabilizers are common technologies that enhance comfort in rough seas.
• Benefit: These systems counteract the effects of waves, providing a more stable platform and reducing the discomfort associated with rolling motions.

5. Secure Loose Items:

• Purpose: Securing loose items on deck and inside the yacht is essential before encountering rough weather.
• Technique: Ensure that personal belongings, furniture, and equipment are appropriately stowed to prevent safety hazards.
• Benefit: Securing loose items minimizes the risk of injury and damage to the yacht, maintaining a safe environment for everyone on board.

6. Deploy Sea Anchors:

• Purpose: In extreme conditions, deploying a sea anchor can help stabilize the yacht.
• Technique: A sea anchor is designed to create drag, reducing the yacht’s drift and providing additional control in challenging seas.
• Benefit: By deploying a sea anchor, sailors can mitigate the impact of strong currents and waves, offering more stability during adverse weather conditions.

7. Maintain a Watchful Eye:

• Purpose: In rough weather, having a dedicated lookout is essential for monitoring sea conditions and potential hazards.
• Technique: A vigilant crew can anticipate changes in the weather and respond promptly to ensure the safety of everyone on board.
• Benefit: Keeping a watchful eye allows for proactive decision-making, enhancing safety and preparedness during challenging sea conditions.

FAQs on Miami Yacht Charters

1. what should i do if the weather changes suddenly during my yacht charter in miami.

If the weather changes abruptly, the crew will assess the situation and make necessary adjustments to the course or speed to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers. Communication with the crew is key. They will keep you informed about any changes in plans due to unforeseen weather conditions.

2. How can I contribute to maintaining stability as a passenger during rough seas?

Answer: Passengers can assist in maintaining stability by following crew instructions, staying seated when advised, and securing personal belongings. Distributing weight evenly throughout the yacht can contribute to a more stable ride in challenging conditions.

3. Are all yachts equipped with stabilization systems for rough seas?

While many modern luxury yachts are equipped with advanced stabilization systems, it’s essential to check with the yacht charter service about the specific features of the vessel you choose. Some vessels may have different stabilization technologies to enhance comfort in rough seas.

4. What safety measures are in place to handle extreme weather conditions on Miami yacht charters?

Yacht charter services prioritize safety and adhere to stringent safety protocols. Crew members are trained to handle various weather conditions, and vessels are equipped with safety equipment, emergency procedures, and communication systems to ensure the well-being of everyone on board.

5. Can I charter a yacht in Miami during the hurricane season?

While it’s possible to charter a yacht during the hurricane season, staying informed about weather forecasts and potential storms is crucial. Charter companies may have specific policies during this period, and flexibility in scheduling is advisable to accommodate any necessary changes due to weather conditions.

6. What is the best time of year to experience smoother sailing conditions in Miami?

Generally, the winter months (December to April) in Miami offer milder weather and calmer seas, providing a more predictable and enjoyable yachting experience. However, it’s essential to monitor weather forecasts, as conditions can vary, and unexpected weather changes can occur.

Trust the Experts When Investing in a Miami Yacht Charter

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A Complete Guide To Sailing In A Storm

Sailing in a storm can be a challenging experience but with the right preparation and techniques, it can be navigated safely in most instances.

While it's best to avoid storms when sailing, there are times when storms cannot be avoided.

To sail in a storm:

• Prepare the sailboat for a storm
• Monitor the weather conditions
• Adjust the sailboat to stabilize the vessel in the storm
• Maintain communication with the coast guard

The number one priority when sailing in a storm is safely navigating through the water during these bad weather conditions.

1. Prepare The Sailboat For A Storm

The first step of sailing in a storm is to prepare the sailboat for storm weather conditions.

To prepare a sailboat for a storm:

• Check the rigging & sails : Assess the rigging and sails overall condition. Ensure they are in full working order with no issues with maneuverability or rips in the sails. There should be a storm sail onboard too in preparation for sailing in the storm
• Ensure safety equipment is onboard : Ensure there are liferafts, life jackets for everyone onboard, life buoys, heaving lines, sailing jackets, flashlights, flares, VHF radios, chartplotter/GPS, first aid kits, and fire extinguishers
• Remove the boat canvas/bimini top : In preparation for sailing in a storm, remove the boat canvas/bimini top to prevent it from getting damaged or destroyed or causing injury to passengers onboard ‍
• Ensure loose items are tied down : Any loose items like lines on the deck should be tied down and secured before sailing in a storm. Loose items can become dislodged and damaged or cause injury to passengers onboard if they are not secured during a storm
• Ensure the sailboat's engine is in great condition : Ensure the sailboat's motor is in perfect condition with sufficient oil and fuel to operate during the storm

Preparing the sailboat for a storm will take approximately 30 minutes to complete. This timeframe will vary depending on the size of the vessel and the amount of equipment needed to be purchased and installed onboard.

In preparing for sailing in a storm, there is certain sailboat equipment needed. The equipment needed for sailing in a storm includes a storm sail, heaving lines, sailing jackets, life jackets, life buoys, liferafts, first aid kit, Chartplotter/GPS, fire extinguishers, VHF radio, and flares.

The benefits of preparing the sailboat for a storm are a sailor will be prepared for any issues caused by the storm and a sailor will have the necessary safety equipment to help keep everyone onboard safe during the storm.

One downside of preparing the sailboat for a storm is it can be costly (over $500) especially if the sailor does not have all the right equipment needed to withstand the stormy weather. However, this is a small downside.

2. Monitor The Weather Conditions

The second step of sailing in a storm is to monitor the weather conditions regularly.

To monitor the weather conditions:

• Connect to the VHF radio weather channel : Connect to channel 16 on the VHF radio as this channel provides storm warnings and urgent marine information for boaters
• Use a chartplotter : Modern chartplotters will have marine weather data for boaters to monitor the weather conditions and check windspeeds, rainfall levels, wave height and other relevant marine weather data
• Check a marine weather forecast provider website : If you have internet access on the sailing trip, connect to a marine weather provider for marine weather forecast information in your area

In sailing, weather conditions are considered a storm when the wind speed is 28 knots or higher and the wave heights are 8ft or higher. Other characteristics of stormy weather when sailing is poor visibility with visibility ranges of under half a mile (0.8km or less) and heavy rain with a precipitation rate of at least 0.1 inches (2.5 millimeters) per hour.

It can take approximately 3 to 6 hours for a storm to fully develop when sailing. However, for larger storms, it can take over 2 days for the storm to fully develop.

Monitoring the weather should be done every 20 minutes when sailing in a storm to get up-to-date information on potential nearby locations with better weather to sail to.

The benefit of regularly monitoring the weather conditions is a sailor will be more prepared for the weather that lies ahead and the sailor will be able to make adjustments to their sailing route to help avoid the bad weather.

3. Adjust The Sailboat To Stabilize The Vessel

The third step of sailing in a storm is to adjust the sailboat to stabilize the vessel.

When sailing through the storm, reef the sails to reduce the stress and load on the mast and sails, attach the storm sails, turn the vessel until the wave and wind direction are blowing from the stern of the sailboat, i.e. the wind is blowing downwind. Carefully tack the sailboat slowly until the boat is in the downwind position. Pointing the sailboat downwind is not recommended if the sailboat is near land as it could cause the boat to run into the land.

Alternatively, if the storm is very bad, sailors can perform a "heaving to" storm sailing maneuver.

To perform the heave-to storm sailing maneuver:

• Turn the bow of the boat into the wind : This involves turning the sailboat so that the bow faces into the wind. This will cause the boat to lose forward momentum and begin to drift backward
• Adjust the sails : Depending on the size and configuration of your boat, you may need to adjust the sails in different ways. In general, you will want to position the sails so that they are catching less wind and are working against each other. This will help to slow the boat's drift and keep it from moving too quickly
• Adjust the rudder : You may need to adjust the rudder to keep the boat from turning too far or too fast. In general, you will want to angle the rudder slightly to one side to counteract the wind and keep the boat on a stable course
• Monitor the boat's drift : Once you have heaved-to, you will need to monitor the boat's drift and make small adjustments as needed to maintain your position. This may involve adjusting the sails, rudder, or other factors as conditions change

The heaving to maneuver is used to reduce a sailboat's speed and maintain a stationary position. This is often done in rough weather to provide the crew with a stable platform to work from or to wait out a storm.

This sailing maneuver will adjust the sailboat and should stabilize the vessel in the storm.

The benefits of adjusting the sailboat position in a storm are it will help to stabilize the boat, it will improve safety, it will reduce the crew's fatigue as the crew will not be operating with a boat at higher speeds, it will help maintain control of the sailboat, and it will reduce stress on the sailboat and the rigging system.

Depending on the size of the sailboat, how bad the weather conditions are, and a sailor's experience level, adjusting the sailboat to stabilize it in the storm should take approximately 10 minutes to complete.

4. Maintain Communication With The Coast Guard

The fourth step of sailing in a storm is to maintain communication with the coast guard.

This is particularly important if the storm is over Beaufort Force 7 when sailing is much harder.

To maintain communication with the coast guard during a storm:

• Understand the important VHF channels : During sailing in a storm, be aware of VHF international channel 16 (156.800 MHz) which is for sending distress signals
• Ensure there are coast guard contact details on your phone : Put the local coast guard contact details into your phone. These contact details are not substitutes for using the VHF channel 16 distress signal or dialing 911. These contact details should only be contacted if all else fails

Contacting the coast guard takes less than 1 minute to complete and they are fast to respond in case of an emergency caused by the storm.

The benefits of maintaining communication with the coast guard during a storm are it will help improve safety, the coast guard will be able to provide real-time alerts, and it will provide navigation assistance as the coast guard has access to the latest navigation technology and can guide you through the storm's hazardous areas such as shallow waters or areas with a strong current.

Frequently Asked Questions About Sailing In A Storm

Below are the most commonly asked questions about sailing in a storm.

What Should You Do If You're Caught Sailing In A Storm With Your Boat?

if you're caught sailing in a storm with your boat, you should reef the sails, attach the storm sails and tack the vessel slowly until the wave and wind direction are blowing from the stern of the sailboat.

Should You Drop An Anchor When Sailing In A Storm?

Dropping an anchor can be a useful technique to help keep a boat steady during a storm. However, whether or not to drop an anchor depends on a variety of factors including the size and type of the boat, the severity of the storm, the water depth, and the type of bottom (i.e., mud, sand, or rock).

If you are in a smaller boat that is being pushed around by the waves, dropping an anchor can help keep the boat oriented in a particular direction, reducing the boat's drift. Additionally, it can help reduce the risk of capsizing or being thrown onto a rocky shore.

However, if the storm is very severe with high winds and waves, the anchor may not be enough to hold the boat in place, and it may put undue stress on the anchor and the boat's attachment points. In such a case, it is usually better to try to navigate to a sheltered area or to deploy sea anchors that can help reduce the boat's drift.

It is also essential to be careful when anchoring in a storm as it can be challenging to set the anchor correctly and the wind and waves can cause the anchor to drag.

Is It Safe To Sail In A Storm?

Sailing in a storm should be avoided due to the lack of safety. However, experienced sailors can sail in storms up to Beaufort Force 7 if required. Beaufort Force 8 and higher storms are extremely dangerous to sail in and should be avoided at all costs.

How Do You Improve Safety When Sailing In A Storm?

To improve safety when sailing in a storm, wear a life jacket, hook everyone onboard up to a safety line or harness so they don't fall overboard, reef the sail to improve the sailboat's stability, and understand where all the safety equipment is onboard and how to operate it in case of an emergency.

What Type Of Storm Should Not Be Sailed In?

A sailor should not sail in any storm but especially a storm from Beaufort Force 8 to Beaufort Force 12 as it is considered to be too dangerous.

Can You Sail Through A Hurricane?

While sailors have successfully sailed through hurricanes in the past, sailing through a hurricane should be avoided at all costs. Sailing in hurricane weather is too dangerous and could result in loss of life.

What Are The Benefits Of Sailing In A Storm?

The benefits of sailing in a storm are:

• Improves sailing skills : Sailing in a storm will force sailors to improve their sailing skills and increase their ability to handle rough seas
• Exciting experience : For some sailors, the thrill of navigating through a storm can be an exhilarating experience that they enjoy. The adrenaline rush and sense of accomplishment of successfully sailing through a storm can be incredibly rewarding
• Greater appreciation for the power of nature : Sailing in a storm can provide a unique perspective on the power of nature. It can be humbling and awe-inspiring to witness the raw force of the wind and waves and this can lead to a greater appreciation for the natural world

It's important to note that these potential benefits should never come at the expense of safety. For the majority of sailors, it is smarter to avoid sailing in a storm and instead wait for the bad weather to pass.

What Are The Risks Of Sailing In A Storm?

The risks of sailing in a storm are:

• Boat sinking/capsizing : With high winds over 28 knots and waves and swells at heights over 8ft, there is a risk of the sailboat capsizing and sinking
• People drowning : High winds and high waves during a storm can cause people onboard to fall overboard and drown
• Loss of communication : Bad storm weather can cause the sailboat's communication system to stop working making it much harder to signal for help if needed
• Boat damage : Storm weather can damage the boat including the sails, mast, rigging system, lines, Bimini top, etc.
• Poor visibility : Sea spray, large waves over 8ft, and heavy winds over 28 knots can reduce the visibility to under 500 meters in some instances making it difficult for navigation
• People being injured : People onboard can get injured due to the increase and sharp movements caused by the storm

What Should Be Avoided When Sailing In A Storm?

When sailing in a storm, avoid:

• Getting caught sailing in the storm in the first place : Ideally, a sailor should avoid sailing in the storm in the first place by checking the weather radar and instead wait for the weather to clear before continuing their sailing trip
• Increasing the sail area : Increasing the sail area in a storm should be avoided as it can cause the sailboat to become more unstable and increase the risk of capsizing
• Not wearing a life jacket : Life jackets should be worn at all times when sailing but especially during a storm. Avoid not wearing a life jacket in a storm as there is no protection if someone falls overboard
• Not wearing the appropriate gear to stay dry : Sailors should avoid not wearing the appropriate foul weather gear to stay dry when sailing in a storm
• Not connecting the crew to safety lines/harness : When sailing in a storm, all crew on the boat deck should be
• Not understanding the safety equipment : Sailors should avoid not understanding the safety equipment onboard

How Do You Avoid Sailing In A Storm?

To avoid sailing in a storm, check the weather forecast regularly when going on a sailing trip to know when and where not to sail as the weather gets worse in these areas. If a sailing trip involves passing through a storm, wait in an area where there is no storm until the weather clears up in the storm area before continuing on the voyage.

What Are The Best Sailboats For Sailing In A Storm?

The best sailboats for sailing in a storm are the Nordic 40, Hallberg-Rassy 48, and the Outremer 55.

What Are The Worst Sailboats For Sailing In A Storm?

The worst sailboats for sailing in a storm are sailing dinghies as they offer little protection from the dangers of stormy weather.

What Is The Best Sized Sailboat For Sailing In A Storm?

The best-sized sailboats to sail in a storm are sailboats sized 30ft. and longer.

What Is The Worst Sized Sailboat For Sailing In A Storm?

The worst-sized sailboats to sail in a storm are sailboats sized under 30ft. as it is more difficult to handle rough weather and choppy waves in these boats.

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Storm Tactics for Heavy Weather Sailing

• By Bill Gladstone
• Updated: November 15, 2021

Storm tactics can be roughly defined as the ways to handle a storm once you’re in it. There are several proven choices, all of which intend to keep either the bow or stern pointing toward the waves. No one tactic will work best for all sailboats in all conditions. As skipper, it will be up to you to consider the best approach for your vessel, procure the right equipment, and practice with it before it’s needed.

Here we look at some active storm options that might work when conditions are still manageable and you want to actively control and steer the boat. Crew fatigue is a serious consideration when using active tactics.

Forereaching

Although not often mentioned as a tactic, it can be highly effective for combating brief squalls or moderate-duration storms. Here’s how to set up your boat for forereaching: Roll the jib away (especially if you have a large roller-furler genoa set); reef the main down to the second or third reef position; and sail on a closehauled course, concentrating on keeping the boat flat. It will be a comfortable ride, everyone will be relatively happy, and you will be making 2 to 3 knots on a close reach. Check your course over ground because increased leeway will cause your track to be much lower. This is a possibly useful tactic to claw off a lee shore. Note that not all boats will be at ease forereaching, so you’d better experiment with it ahead of time. Catamarans in particular will lurch and demonstrate much-increased leeway.

Motorsailing

Sometimes it’s necessary from a time or safety perspective to stow the jib and fire up the iron genny instead. Motorsailing lets you point high and make progress to windward. Motoring with no sails will not work well (or at all, in some cases), particularly in big seas, but a reefed mainsail will provide lateral stability and extra power. Trim the main, head up high enough to control your angle of heel, set the autopilot, and keep a lookout. Fuel consumption makes this a short-term option.

Here’s a tip: Make sure cooling water is pumping through the engine. On some sailboats, the water intake lifts out of the water when heeled. A further difficulty is that the pitching boat might stir sediment off the bottom of the fuel tank, which can, in turn, clog the fuel filter.

Running off and drogues

Sailing under storm jib and a deeply reefed mainsail or storm trysail provides the most control. If you don’t have storm sails, a reefed jib will give you the power to steer and control your boat in the waves. The boat must be steered actively to maintain control because no autopilot will be able to do this.

If excessive speed is a problem and steering becomes difficult, towing a drogue will slow the boat. A retrieval line should be set from the head of the drogue for when it is time to bring it back on board. If you don’t have a drogue, trailing warps might help slow the boat.

In a storm of longer duration, or when conditions become otherwise unmanageable, the situation might call for a skipper to consider passive storm tactics. When you are exhausted and you just want to quiet down the boat and maybe get some rest, there are other boathandling options available, depending on the sea state and the ­equipment you have onboard.

Heaving to can be an excellent heavy-weather tactic, though some boats fare better than others. Wouldn’t it be great if during a heavy-weather episode you could just slow everything way down? Imagine a short respite with a reduced amount of motion from the relentless pitching and pounding. A chance to regroup, make a meal, or check over the boat. Well, you can.

Heaving to allows you to “park” in open water. Hove-to trim has the jib trimmed aback (that is, to the wrong side), the reefed main eased, and the helm lashed down to leeward. The easiest way to do this is to trim the jib sheet hard and then tack the boat, leaving the sheet in place. Trimmed this way, the jib pushes the bow down. As the bow turns off the wind, the main fills and the boat moves forward. With the helm lashed down, the rudder turns the boat toward the wind. As the main goes soft, the jib once again takes over, pushing the bow down. The main refills, and the rudder pushes the bow into the wind again.

RELATED: Safety at Sea: Mental Preparations Contribute to Positive Outcomes

Achieving this balance will require some fine-­tuning, depending on the wind strength, your boat design and the sails you have. You might, for example, need to furl the jib most of the way in to match the wind strength. Trimming the main will ensure that the bow is at an angle to the waves, ideally pointing 40 to 60 degrees off. Modern fin-keeled boats do not heave to as well as more-traditional full-keel designs.

When hove to, the boat won’t actually stop. It will lie, as noted, about 40 to 60 degrees off the wind, sailing at 1 or 2 knots, and making leeway (sliding to leeward). Beware of chafe. When hove to, the jib’s clew or sheet will be up against the shroud and might experience wear damage. Monitor this regularly, and change the position of the sheet occasionally. You might not want to heave to for an extended time.

Deploying a sea anchor

A sea anchor is a small parachute deployed on a line off the bow. A sea anchor helps keep the bow pointed up into the waves so the boat won’t end up beam to the seas. Light displacement boats will pitch violently in high seas, and chafe and damage might occur to the bow, so setting up a bridle and leading it aft through a snatch block will allow the boat to lie at an angle to the waves, providing a more comfortable ride. A big concern when using a sea anchor is the load on the rudder as the waves slam the boat backward. Chafe on the sea-anchor bridle is another big factor, so the bridle must be tended regularly.

Remember, if you and your vessel are caught out in heavy-weather conditions, as a skipper, you must show leadership by setting an example, watching over your crew, offering relief and help to those who need it, and giving encouragement. Remember too, discomfort and fear can lead to fatigue, diminished performance, and poor decision-making. Don’t compromise the safety of the boat and crew to escape discomfort.

Few people get to ­experience the full fury of a storm. Advances in weather forecasting, routing and communications greatly improve your odds of avoiding heavy weather at sea, but you’re likely to experience it at some point, so think ahead of time about the tactics and tools available to keep your crew and vessel safe.

Heavy weather might not be pleasant, but it is certainly memorable, and it will make you a better sailor. Take the time to marvel at the forces of nature; realize that the boat is stronger than you think.

Happy sailing, and may all your storms be little ones!

This story is an edited excerpt from the American Sailing Association’s recently released manual, Advanced Cruising & Seamanship , by Bill Gladstone, produced in collaboration with North U. It has been edited for design purposes and style. You can find out more at asa.com.

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Heavy weather sailing: How to prepare your yacht for a storm

• Theo Stocker
• May 12, 2023

It’s one thing dealing with heavy weather sailing offshore, but what should coastal sailors do when a big blow is imminent? Martin Thomas explains, and Theo Stocker puts it to the test

From South Ocean pitchpolings to North Atlantic hurricanes, much has been written about the means and methods of heavy weather sailing in open water.

The column inches tend to be dedicated to those with nowhere to hide, but with plenty of sea room to play with. As coastal cruising sailors, we have the luxury of avoiding the worst of it, but we still sail for long enough to eventually be caught out.

The proximity of shelter, relatively speaking, is a blessing at this point – we don’t have to endure the battering for very long – but the presence of land is also a hazard, reducing sea room, and with it, options. So knowing how to prepare and how to handle your boat when you do get caught, could be the difference between an entertaining anecdote at the bar later or a call to the lifeboat.

We thought it was worth drawing on the combined knowledge of the seasoned sailors who have contributed to the latest edition of Adland Coles’ bible on the subject, Heavy Weather Sailing, examining what should be done in heavy weather in coastal water, and then trying it out to see what works in practice. Editor Theo Stocker volunteered for this enviable duty, which he insists was actually great fun, and having watched the weather forecast all winter, managed to line up yachts, RIBs, crew and photographers with a Force 8 gale in order to go and play in the rough stuff.

For this endeavour Theo wanted a sturdy yacht that would be up to taking on extreme weather easily. And for that, you hardly need look further than the ever-faithful Contessa 32. Assent was formerly owned by Willy Ker and is now owned by the Rogers family and skippered on the day by Kit Rogers, second-generation builder of Contessa 32s, among other things, at Jeremy Rogers Ltd in Lymington.

Assent in rather milder conditions. Photo: Nic Compton

The best way to cope with heavy weather is to avoid it. Forecasts are so accurate these days that coastal cruising sailors, if they do not set out into deteriorating weather, will rarely be caught out. Beth Leonard, author of Blue Horizons, who has circumnavigated the globe twice, has estimated that she has experienced light or insufficient wind for about 70% of her time at sea. Similarly, long-distance sailors Lin and Larry Pardey reported battling gale force winds or worse for 3% of the time.

On the other hand, storms are becoming more frequent and more violent and, for most of us, one storm is enough.

In 2022 Hurricane Ian hit the eastern American seaboard with more energy and higher winds than any before. In the same year, Storm Eunice generated record winds of 106 knots (122mph) at The Needles on the Isle of Wight. In Chichester Harbour, usually a safe haven for boats, winds reached 70 knots. It seems that even cautious cruisers, if they sail enough, must inevitably face rough conditions and should be prepared with a plan.

You can never have enough anchor points for clipping on. Photo: Richard Langdon

Heavy weather sailing – is the boat up to it?

The modern cruising yacht is remarkably seaworthy but there are some alterations and improvements the sensible skipper should consider. The whole boat should be reviewed with the thought of heavy weather. For instance, the companionway latch must be operable from inside as well as outside the vessel so that you can seal yourself down below.

Lee cloths should be adequate to take a person’s weight. A bilge alarm may be fitted in case of water ingress. Deck equipment should have a stowage space below so it can be moved off the exposed deck in heavy weather and stowed safely. The list goes on.

Before you set out in your boat, spend a quiet hour sitting with a note pad and imagine the boat inverted. What is going to move? Maybe a toolbox, icebox lids, cabin sole boards, contents from lockers including under-bunk stowage, could shift or fly through the cabin. All lockers should have effective catches to contain such equipment. Don’t forget to check that batteries are properly secured into the boat.

A removable inner forestay is desirable in strong winds. A well-shaped foresail, impossible with a reefed furling headsail, is essential to make headway into wind which, if the boat is caught on a lee shore, may be vital. Having a small headsail made, with a means of rigging it with proper luff tension, will make a huge difference when it’s needed.

Piston hanks are liable to corroding so need rinsing and lubricating. Photo: Richard Langdon

Skippers should also review the location and security of their liferaft. The coachroof is a popular place but is not always secure and rafts have been lost from this position. The liferaft on Inception, a Beneteau 50, was apparently robustly strapped down on the coach roof. In rough weather at night a green wave came over the boat and ripped it away so it was lost overboard. When the boat later began sinking, the crew found themselves in the sea in the dark with no liferaft. Happily, they were rescued by a nearby yacht.

A protected position aft of the cockpit for the liferaft is a suitable place. Some opt for a cockpit locker or the lazarette. Whichever location is chosen, the crew must be able to deploy the raft rapidly and safely (within 15 seconds is the recommendation).

Crew moving forward out of the cockpit at night or in heavy weather must wear a tether, preferably a double tether with short and long strops. Attention should be paid to the jackstays to which the tether is attached. Wire stays can roll under the foot and flat non-stretch webbing stays are preferred. Webbing and stitching can degrade over time from UV exposure. It’s best to remove them over the winter, and replace them every so often, especially if you’re not sure how old they are.

If crew go overboard when attached by their tether they can be dragged through the water, an unpleasant and sometimes fatal experience. If the jackstay can be positioned so as to prevent a person falling over the side at all, it will be safer. To obtain this and keep crew aboard, some skippers run the stay up both sides of coachroof with a single central line on the foredeck.

Touchscreen technology and water do not mix when things are this wet on deck. Photo: Richard Langdon

Every boat should have at least one means of recovering a casualty back on board, which should include a means of attaching and lifting an incapacitated crew member from the water to the deck. Performing a recovery like this is no mean feat and it is a sobering experience to actually try out the proposed method, even in a safe setting. Each member of the crew must be familiar with the system.

Real world experience

On deck, Assent was fitted with a removable inner forestay for the storm jib, secured to the masthead rig about a foot below the forestay – close enough that no additional mast support was required. Permanently rigged, the lower end has a removable Highfield lever, with drop nose pins. With this removed, the forestay is secured to the chain plates with a simple cleated purchase. She also has a trysail, never yet used in anger, in part because the original trysail track, separate to the mainsail track, had been removed, which made things much harder.

Running downwind in short, steep seas in the Needles Channel. Photo: Richard Langdon

Clipping on

Assent was well fitted out with webbing jackstays along either side deck, points to clip on to at the mast and three anchor points for our harness tethers in the cockpit, with two aft for the helm, depending on which side they were sitting, and one forward for the crew. With three of us on deck and moving around a lot, however, we could have done with a second anchor point D-ring at the forward end of the cockpit, which Kit now plans to fit.

The stretchy tethers were more flexible on the range they gave us for moving around, but equally, would have given us more scope to fall overboard. I was glad to have a double tether with a short strop.

Modern carabiners are less prone to snagging on webbing jackstays. Photo: Richard Langdon

Two of us used modern-style carabiners, which did not snag the jackstay webbing. The older carabiner with a notch in the end consistently trapped the webbing and made moving around that much harder.

You can never have enough anchor points for clipping on. Fit more. Modern tether clips make life so much easier when moving around on deck.

Touch screens

Being on deck was an extremely damp experience. Even if you’re under shelter, there is a lot of water in the air that finds its way everywhere. Your chartplotter and phone or iPad case may be waterproof, but once your fingers are wet and there is water on the screen, touchscreen technology will stop working.

When we tried to use the chartplotter it did unexpected things, mistaking flying water for finger taps. You need physical buttons. I also found that the only way I could use my phone was using the side button to initiate voice control with Siri.

No matter what’s happening it’s going to be wet on deck. Photo: Richard Langdon

If this had been our primary means of navigation or calling for help, we would have been stuck. A waterproof notebook with a pilotage plan to highlight hazards and how to avoid them, would have been more effective.

The boat’s fixed VHF radio was below at the chart table with no speaker on deck. We had long since closed the washboard and hatch. We could neither hear transmissions nor make any.

Luckily we had two handheld VHF radios on deck, both of which were waterproof, but even so, one of them developed an unexplained fault and wouldn’t work, leaving us relying on our one remaining radio.

It is worth having a deck speaker and mic, or ideally a command mic on deck for your fixed VHF radio for effective and reliable communications. You should also carry a few spare handheld VHF radios.

The storm jib can be rigged in advance and lashed on deck until needed. Photo: Richard Langdon

Preparation at sea

When it is clear that the storm will hit the boat before shelter can be reached then prepare vessel and crew for the onslaught. Reef early, change to storm canvas in good time and seek refuge. Issue seasickness pills and review the watch system. Set up the sail plan for heavy weather and deploy the inner forestay with a storm jib. It’s wise to hand the mainsail, fix the boom and run on headsails.

Reduce windage by tightly furling headsails and wrapping with a spare halyard, then fold and lash the sprayhood and bimini, and perhaps remove cockpit dodgers. Deflate the dinghy and move below. Remove a davit-slung dinghy or else fill it with fenders and place a strong cover over it.

Check the security of heavy weights such as batteries, anchors and toolboxes, and use extra lashings as necessary. Stow loose items below, especially in the galley. Make sure that lockers are securely closed.

Check the liferaft is secure, including pelican hooks or hydrostatic releases, but that it is easily launched. Photo: Richard Langdon

At large angles of heel it may be necessary to close heads and basin seacocks to prevent flooding.

It goes without saying that windows and hatches must be tightly closed but also cockpit locker lids – make sure that whatever catches they are fitted with cannot fly open accidentally. Washboards must be secured in position so they cannot lift out. Fit retaining bolts or a line that secures the back of each washboard to hold it in place before setting sail.

Boost your crew

Check the liferaft is properly secure but not locked up and otherwise free to launch. If not already available, prepare a grab bag.

As for the crew they should be given a hot meal before the worst arrives. Then make up vacuum flasks of soup and coffee, prepare sandwiches and place them in a watertight container. Lifejackets and harnesses must be worn all the time, even when resting.

Fuel up with snacks and warm drinks. Being on deck is draining. Photo: Richard Langdon

These remarks are for the coastal sailor which includes most of us; those sailors who have inadvertently been caught in heavy weather but can reach sanctuary in a day or two or even just a few hours.

What about a drag device?

The sailors who cross oceans who may be far from any refuge, require further preparation. In particular their boat must carry some form of drag device or drogue that on occasion in mid-ocean or at high latitude can be lifesaving. Such devices are not normally required by coastal cruisers.

The drag device prevents the vessel going too fast down the front of a wave and burying the bows in the wave ahead leading to pitchpoling and damage, as happened to Susie Goodall in the Golden Globe Race in 2018 and Kevin Escoffier in the 2022 Vendée Globe . It seems clear that, in the ultimate survival storm, the best of these drag devices is the Jordan Series Drogue (JSD) specific for the size of boat.

A JSD has been successfully deployed on many occasions by such celebrated sailors as Roger Taylor in Mingming , Trevor Robertson in Iron Bark, Susanne Huber-Curphey in Nehaj and others. No yacht has ever capsized while lying to a JSD. However, coastal cruisers do not need to carry such a drag device – don’t forget about the thousands of yachts that have survived millions of miles without having one.

Life is easier if two crew can go forward together, leaving another to helm. Photo: Richard Langdon

Securing below

Below decks, all lockers were well secure, although under-bunk bin lids were not clipped down, and the cutlery tray in the galley was an open box – the sharp knives made me a little nervous!

Inside the companionway, there were copious pockets containing knives, radios, torches and flares, just where you would want them. The fixed VHF radio was at the chart table and there was no speaker or mic on deck.

We were very impressed by how well secured the boat was below. Clearly, we hadn’t been knocked down, but at the end of a very rough day, there was one screwdriver and one winch handle out of place below. The most water that got below came from us when we went down below in sodden oilies, or the hatch was left slightly ajar.

A sprayhood makes a huge difference in sheltering crew from the elements, particularly to windward, as long as it doesn’t add too much windage. Photo: Richard Langdon

As the waves built, Kit bent over the stern to tap a wooden bung into the diesel heating exhaust to prevent following waves swamping it.

We had connected the inner forestay in harbour, but we still needed to hank on the storm jib, and later, the trysail. Both of these were easier with two people on deck, so we were very glad to have had Stu, a very experienced sailor, at the helm.

For any work on deck, we found that either running off downwind or heaving to was hugely preferable to scrabbling around on a pitching and heeling deck.

We lashed the hood down initially, but the metalwork fouled the coach-roof halyard clutches and, craving a little shelter, we put it back up. Even in 40-plus knots of wind, it stayed rock solid. We didn’t have green water over the deck, and it would have been this that would have done damage, so I would judge this choice on seastate rather than wind strength.

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Stormy weather grounds, destroys sailing yacht once slated to race in America's Cup

CORONADO, Calif. (KGTV) - This weekend's stormy weather grounded, then destroyed a 75-foot Russian-built racing boat once sent to San Diego to race in the America's Cup.

Around 7 a.m. Saturday, cellphone video show the large sailboat as it ran aground. Not long after, Lifeguard Captain Sean Casey says the waves went to work.

"Once it was aground, pretty quickly the mast broke off, and the boat literally broke into two pieces," said Casey.

Casey says the boat had been anchored more than two miles away, near the Zuniga Jetty in Point Loma.

"There were high winds and rough conditions out of Point Loma. Assuming the anchor line just broke," said Casey.

The boat was named Age Of Russia.

According to a 1992 Los Angeles Times story, it was built in Leningrad for six million rubles. Under current conversion rates, six million rubles is valued at about $80,000.

A Russian group of yachtmen sent the boat to San Diego in 1992 to compete in the America's Cup, but that group was never sanctioned by race officials to compete. Because the group couldn't afford to bring it back, the boat was slated to taken to be taken to the Miramar Landfill and flattened. But then a buyer came forward.

Casey says recently, it had been used for tours of the bay, before its final, unscheduled trip Saturday. Its frantic owner ended up at the beach.

"Obviously his reaction was sort of shock and dismay. He was very upset when he saw it on the beach," said Casey.

Casey says the boat was insured, which means the cleanup costs could be covered.

"The contractor will likely have to use heavy equipment, dump trucks, to break up the remaining pieces and take it to the landfill," said Casey.

Casey says there is an ongoing problem of boats without slips on the bay, being anchored in the Zuniga Jetty, and becoming loose during stormy weather. In 2019, the City Council amended San Diego’s Municipal Code to restrict open-water boat anchoring near Zuniga Jetty Shoal to two hours.

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Sailing Techniques for Heavy Weather: Navigating Stormy Seas

Are you an adventurous sailor seeking to master the art of navigating stormy seas? In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the essential sailing techniques that will enable you to confidently handle heavy weather conditions. Whether you are a seasoned sailor or a novice, understanding how to maneuver your vessel through turbulent waters is crucial for your safety and success on the open seas. Join us as we explore the expert tips, strategies, and equipment recommendations that will empower you to navigate stormy seas with skill and confidence.

Preparing for Heavy Weather

Checking weather forecasts.

Before embarking on a sailing journey in heavy weather, it is essential to stay updated with the latest weather forecasts. Pay close attention to the predicted wind speeds, wave heights, and any storm warnings issued by the local weather authorities. You can obtain this information through various sources such as weather websites, mobile applications, or by listening to marine radio channels. By being well-informed about the expected weather conditions, you can better plan your route and make necessary preparations to ensure a safe voyage.

Inspecting and Preparing the Boat

A thorough inspection of your boat is crucial before facing heavy weather conditions. Start by examining the rigging, including the mast, shrouds, and stays, to ensure they are in good condition and properly secured. Check for any signs of wear or damage, and replace any worn-out components. Inspect the sails for tears or fraying and repair or replace them as needed. It is also essential to inspect the hull for any cracks, leaks, or loose fittings. Make sure all through-hull fittings are properly tightened and that the bilge pumps are working effectively. Additionally, check the engine, fuel, and electrical systems to ensure they are in optimal condition. By conducting a thorough inspection and making necessary repairs, you can minimize the risk of equipment failure during heavy weather and increase the overall safety of your boat.

Securing Loose Items

When sailing in heavy weather, the movement of the boat can become significantly more turbulent. Therefore, it is essential to secure all loose items on board to prevent them from causing damage or injury. Start by stowing away any loose gear, tools, or equipment in lockers or compartments. Pay special attention to items that could become projectiles, such as bottles, cans, or cooking utensils, and ensure they are securely stored. Store any loose electronics, such as phones or tablets, in waterproof and shockproof cases. It is also advisable to secure furniture, cushions, and other movable objects to prevent them from sliding or flying off during rough seas. By taking these precautionary measures, you can minimize the risk of accidents and maintain a safe and organized environment on your boat.

Remember, proper preparation is key to safely navigating stormy seas. By checking weather forecasts, inspecting and preparing your boat, and securing loose items, you can increase your chances of a successful and safe sailing experience in heavy weather.

Sailing Techniques in Heavy Weather

Reefing the sails.

Reefing the sails is a crucial technique used in heavy weather sailing to reduce the sail area and maintain control of the boat. By reducing the sail area, sailors can prevent the boat from being overpowered by strong winds and gusts. This technique involves partially lowering or folding a portion of the sail, usually the top section, and securing it to the boom or mast.

To reef the sails effectively, it is important to have a well-practiced crew who can coordinate the process smoothly. The first step is to carefully assess the weather conditions and determine the appropriate time to reef. As the wind picks up and becomes more intense, it is advisable to reef early rather than waiting until it becomes too challenging.

Once the decision to reef has been made, the crew should work together to lower the sail and secure it. This can be done by using reefing lines or ties, which are attached to the sail and used to gather and secure the excess fabric. By reefing the sails, the amount of exposed sail area is reduced, allowing the boat to maintain better stability and maneuverability in heavy weather.

Adjusting the Sail Plan

In heavy weather conditions, it may be necessary to adjust the sail plan to optimize the boat’s performance and minimize the risk of capsizing or broaching. Adjusting the sail plan involves making changes to the combination of sails being used, such as reducing the number of sails or changing their size.

One common adjustment in heavy weather is to switch from a larger headsail to a smaller one, such as a storm jib or a smaller genoa. These sails have a smaller area and are specifically designed to withstand high winds and turbulent seas. By using a smaller headsail, the boat can maintain better control and balance, reducing the risk of being overpowered by the wind.

Additionally, it may be necessary to reduce the mainsail area by either partially furling or lowering it altogether. This can be done by using the mainsail’s reefing system or by manually lowering the sail and securing it. By reducing the sail area, the boat’s center of effort is lowered, resulting in improved stability and reduced heeling.

Using Storm Sails

In extreme heavy weather conditions, when reefing and adjusting the sail plan are not sufficient, deploying storm sails becomes essential for the safety of the crew and the boat. Storm sails are heavy-duty sails specifically designed to withstand the most severe weather conditions, including hurricane-force winds.

Storm sails are typically smaller and stronger than regular sails, with reinforced stitching and heavy-duty materials. They are usually hanked onto the forestay or attached to a separate removable stay. By using storm sails, the boat can continue to make progress while minimizing the risk of damage or loss of control.

It is important to note that deploying storm sails should be done cautiously and only when absolutely necessary. Proper training and experience are crucial when handling storm sails, as their deployment and handling require additional skills and knowledge.

In conclusion, sailing in heavy weather requires specific techniques to ensure the safety and control of the boat. Reefing the sails, adjusting the sail plan, and using storm sails are all essential techniques that sailors should be familiar with when facing stormy seas. By mastering these techniques and knowing when and how to apply them, sailors can navigate heavy weather conditions with confidence and minimize the risks associated with rough seas.

Navigating Stormy Seas

When sailing in heavy weather conditions, it is crucial to have the right techniques and knowledge to ensure a safe and successful voyage. Navigating stormy seas requires careful planning and execution, as well as the use of specific tools and equipment. In this article, we will explore some essential techniques for sailing in heavy weather and provide valuable insights on maintaining a proper course, utilizing radar and GPS, and effectively monitoring wind and waves.

Maintaining a Proper Course

Maintaining a proper course is of utmost importance when sailing in stormy seas. To ensure you stay on the right track, consider the following tips:

Constantly monitor your position: Regularly check your position using charts, GPS, and other navigational aids. This will help you stay aware of any drift or deviation from your intended course.

Use visual references: Identify prominent landmarks or buoys that can serve as visual references to help you maintain your course even in limited visibility.

Adjust your sails: Proper sail trim is essential for maintaining course and stability. Adjust your sails according to the wind direction and strength, aiming to keep your boat balanced and on the desired heading.

Using Radar and GPS

Radar and GPS are indispensable tools for navigating stormy seas. Here’s how you can make the most of them:

Rely on radar: In low visibility conditions, radar becomes your eyes on the water. It helps you detect other vessels, potential obstacles, and even approaching weather systems. Familiarize yourself with radar settings, such as range and gain, to optimize its use.

Utilize GPS navigation: GPS provides accurate positioning and helps you plot your course more precisely. Ensure your GPS unit is properly functioning and has updated charts to navigate safely through stormy seas.

Take advantage of waypoint navigation: Set waypoints along your intended course to create a clear path to follow. This allows you to track your progress and make adjustments as necessary, ensuring you stay on course even in challenging conditions.

Monitoring Wind and Waves

Understanding wind and wave patterns is crucial for successful navigation in heavy weather. Consider the following recommendations:

Stay informed of weather forecasts: Monitor weather forecasts and pay attention to changing conditions. This will help you anticipate potential wind shifts, storm fronts, or rapidly developing waves.

Observe wave characteristics: Learn to read wave patterns and observe how they interact with your boat. Adjust your course and speed to minimize the impact of waves on your vessel, ensuring a smoother and safer sailing experience.

Use wind indicators: Install wind indicators on your boat to accurately measure wind direction and speed. This information enables you to effectively trim your sails and adjust your course accordingly, optimizing your boat’s performance.

By following these techniques for maintaining a proper course, utilizing radar and GPS, and monitoring wind and waves, you can navigate stormy seas with confidence and ensure the safety of your crew and vessel. Remember, always prioritize safety and be prepared to adapt your plans based on the prevailing conditions. Happy sailing!

In conclusion, navigating stormy seas requires a combination of knowledge, skill, and experience. By understanding the importance of preparation, maintaining a strong position, and making strategic decisions, sailors can effectively navigate heavy weather conditions. It is crucial to stay vigilant and adapt to changing circumstances, utilizing proper sail trim, reefing techniques, and steering methods. With the right techniques and a calm mindset, sailors can safely navigate stormy seas and enjoy the thrill and challenge of sailing in heavy weather.

Nine people killed as boat capsizes in Mediterranean, Italy coast guard says

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US tells staff in Israel not to travel outside cities amid Iran threat

The United States said on Thursday it had restricted its employees in Israel and their family members from personal travel outside the greater Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Be'er Sheva areas amid Iran's threats to retaliate against its regional adversary.

The Peruvian Air Force said on Thursday that it lost communication with a Mirage 2000 fighter plane that was conducting low-altitude training in southern Peru and has ordered investigations to determine "the causes of the accident."

Staff at West Kirby cafe saved by RNLI after torrential rain and strong winds cause flooding

• Wednesday 10 April 2024 at 7:32am

Tim Scott reports from the seafront at West Kirby

Staff at a seaside cafe had to be rescued by the RNLI after strong winds and heavy rain lead to flooding - despite millions of pounds spent on defences.

Four workers at Tanskeys Bistro, West Kirby, Wirral , were left stranded when water submerged the South Parade on Tuesday, 9 April.

Footage shows parked cars submerged in sea water after heavy rain and strong winds battered the North West coastline.

Mobile phone footage filmed by bistro staff showed the parade and road completely covered in water.

Pictures also showed cars being moved by the waves.

Hannah Cleator owns Tanskeys Bistro in West Kirby which was left underwater after torrential rain and strong winds.

The flooding comes two years after the installation of a £19.7 million flood wall, completed in September 2023, to protect seafront properties from "catastrophic flooding."

Hannah Cleator, the owner of Tanskeys Bistro, said: "We were hopeful that the wall would be the answer, but sadly the water battered over it - and everything got flooded.

"I think it's [flood wall] failed - the general consensus is 'why spend £20 million on a four-foot wall when nature is going to do what it's going to do'.

"Sadly, what the wall has done today that we weren't expecting is hold the water in on the wrong side. So the water has come in and can't get back out."

Chris Riley, vice president of West Kirby Sailing Club, said: "I've lived here the best part of 40 years and in that time this is the fourth time I've seen it this deep on the promenade and in the boat yard.

"The wind's been very strong and the tide is the highest tides of the year. It's piled over the wall and come over the sea defences. It's disappointing to see them damaged in this way."

The sailing club has been working hard to secure the boats to minimise damage.

Chris continued to say: "A lot of the boats are on chocks and, given the volume of water, the only place it can go is into the yard. It has raised the water here by a foot and a half.

"I know boats are meant to float but once they start floating around the boat yard, it causes lots of problems."

Chris Riley, a resident of West Kirby, say the flood wall is "disappointing".

A spokesperson for Wirral Council said: "The storm today has seen extremely high winds combined with higher than usual tides to cause water to come over flood wall at West Kirby.

"The flood wall in West Kirby was designed to act as a defence system to take power out of the tidal waves, to prevent higher levels of flooding and minimise potential damage in the area.

"As with all significant flooding incidents we will assess the flood defences in conjunction with the Environment Agency .

"While the weather conditions remain stormy it is advised to avoid the coastal areas."

The Met Office issued a yellow weather warning which has been in place from 1am, Tuesday, 9 April until 3pm.

According to forecasters, the strong winds may bring "hazardous" coastal conditions and could cause some travel disruption.

The weather service added that coastal routes, seafronts and coastal communities will be affected by spray and/or large waves.

It said delays to road, rail air and ferry and transport were likely. Short term loss of power and other services is also expected.

Keep up to date with the latest weather forecast for the North West here :

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