land yacht plans pdf

Land Yacht build Plans.

These detailed instructions will allow you to construct this land yacht in a few days. This is a great project for the do-it-yourself. The whole family can help in the construction and it will give everyone a feeling of ownership. And the best part: It’s very affordable to run!

The position of the rear wheels axles gives it a low center of gravity and very predictable cornering behavior. And as this land yacht has been integrally designed considering the sail tester results (click on “The Sail Tester” button above), it was calculated to have the best stability for beginners and family use.

You can easily build this land yacht yourself with these comprehensive plans. I’ll give you the 3D CAD drawings and dimensions of every part that needs to be made, along with lists of materials, cutting lists and detailed building instructions. Everything you need to build your own landyacht. Plans and instructions are clear and are very easy to follow.

These plans are high quality C.A.D designs (Autodesk-INVENTOR). They have been formatted to be read using adobe reader. It’s a simple but effective land sailer to build with basic materials. I think you will really enjoy building and riding it as well.

I look forward to helping you with your project. So if for any reason during construction you have a question, just e-mail me.

Get the Landyacht Build Plans

GET the Land Yacht complete and detailed construction plans, instructions and lists of materials (.pdf)

Feel the speed, just 10 cm off the ground..

The manual include step-by-step progressive construction drawings with sub-assemblies, weldments, angles etc… Basically, you start at the beginning of the plans & work your way through step-by-step. Frame drawings show you how to start by making a tube base frame and then progressively build upon that starting point.

All materials are readily available worldwide. Tube notches are NOT needed to build the frame (they are all straight cuts). Lathe work is NOT needed for this project.

• LS-3 (oz8882)

About this Plan

Multiplex LS 3. Radio control sailplane. Wingspan 3.22m.

This kit is largely pre-fabricated of fibreglass and foam, so no formers are shown to make up those parts from scratch.

Update 19/1/2023: Added kit instructions (fr, de), plus decals, thanks to Christian Fiedler.

Supplementary file notes

Decals. Instructions.

Corrections?

Did we get something wrong with these details about this plan (especially the datafile)? That happens sometimes. You can help us fix it. Add a correction

• (oz8882) LS-3 from Multiplex (ref:21-4050) 1985   127in span Glider R/C Kit clean :) formers unchecked
• Found online 23/06/2017 at: http://www.hippocketaeronautics.com/hpa_plans/details.... Filesize: 1472KB Format: • PDFbitmap Credit*: Zebban Downloads: 3044

Do you have a photo you'd like to submit for this page? Then email [email protected]

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• Plan File Filesize: 1472KB Filename: LS3_Multiplex_oz8882.pdf
• Supplement Filesize: 126KB Filename: LS3_Multiplex_oz8882_decals.pdf
• Supplement Filesize: 8172KB Filename: LS3_Multiplex_oz8882_instructions.pdf
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This model plan (like all plans on Outerzone) is supposedly scaled correctly and supposedly will print out nicely at the right size. But that doesn't always happen. If you are about to start building a model plane using this free plan, you are strongly advised to check the scaling very, very carefully before cutting any balsa wood.

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Protei Land Yacht

Introduction: Protei Land Yacht

The aim of this prototype was to develop a wind train from our last model , the Windtrain Umbrella that would have both improved performance and construction. We were more interested in making a single module that functioned well on its own than a long windtrain. In essence we where developing more of a performance land yacht which could be used a basis for our next generation of windtrain.

Step 1: Improvements From Our Last Model

Before we started drawing or planning our new design, we had to make our focus improving the weaknesses of our previous model. The main faults of our last design was that:

- The front wheel was prone to wobbling around due to the front leg of the vehicle being too long and flexible. To solve this problem, we formed the front leg of the vehicle from two 8mm aluminium poles running parallel together. This provided more overall stiffness and prevented the front wheel from rotating too much relative to the vehicle body.

- The design was very flimsy and flexible, we needed to make it more sturdy and rigid. The previous design had a very small wooden frame. This acted as more of a point for the legs to pivot around as opposed to a rigid frame that would make the model a sturdy structure. We therefore wanted to make a larger central wooden frame which would provide a firmer base for all the aluminium rods to extend from. Furthermore the shape of our new design was crucial, we therefore decided to look at alternative designs to the previous umbrella inspired setup.

- The umbrella design had very little room for electronics, therefore another reason warranting a larger wooden frame was the extra space this would allow for the electronics set up and personalisation.

- The connections between the windtrain modules were too long and flexible. This led to the trailing carriages to oscillate a lot, it appeared as if the back module was allowed to resonate as it was dragged along. This is not good for two reasons, it slows down the windtrain and weakens the structure. I therefore needed to make the connection between the modules shorter and stiffer.

- The center of mass of the sail is not aligned with the center of mass of the body of windtrain. As we can see in the picture, the center of mass of sail is about 50cm from the front wheel while the whole body is just 60cm. Although we may not be able to align them in the same line, we should always try to narrow down the distance between them by moving forward the center of mass forward, so that the windtrain can go straight without much effort to control.

Step 2: Design

The design we opted for was to have a larger central platform which would allow a single wheel axle to run through the back of it, two 8mm aluminium rods to run down the length of it (these would form the structure for the front wheel) and a cavity that would act as the foundations of the mast.

The collapsable element was the mast, it would be made up of a telescopic section that could slot on top of a section that was attached to the base frame. The lower section would be mounted to a pivot, thus allowing it to occupy a smaller space for collapsing and moving this vehicle around.

We made a prototype out of cardboard and left over pieces from our previous models as shown above. Furthermore we did some technical drawings to outline the dimensions and main features of the design.

The model would be made out of the following parts:

-5mm thick plywood (the laser file I used occupied a 300x500mm area, but the parts can be rearranged)

-3000mm of 8mm diameter aluminium rods

-Plastic screws and the corresponding

Attachments

Step 3: construction.

-5mm thick plywood (the laser file I used occupied a 300x600mm area, but the parts can be rearranged)

-Plastic screws

-Fabric for a sail (approxiamately 800x300mm)

I made up the laser files, using the drawings I did, and used these to cut out the wooden components for this build. I also had to cut the aluminium rods to the appropriate sizes, 4x600mm and 2x300mm pieces.

From then on I just had to put together the pieces which was done with very little difficulty and all the pieces fitted together nicely. I finally had a completed structure which I could then attach the electronics to. With thsi design I didn't include the electronic components in the planning of the vehicle, I wanted to be able to change elements of the electronics to suit the new design that I had made.

I ended up using the following electronic parts:

-2x Channel RC car controller

-4x AA batteries and battery pack

-2x High torque servos

I then arranged the electronics in the as shown by the pictures. In future models I hoped to integrate the electronics into the frame, but for now I was trialling different arrangements.

Step 4: Test

We went to test the design on a disused bit of land by the waterfront. We were hoping for this location to provide the most wind but unfortunately it was a very calm day. There wasn't sufficient wind to fully test this vehicle, however we had just enough wind to propel the vehicle downwind for short lengths. Another problem of the vehicle was due to the wheel size comp

Step 5: Amendment for a Better Land Yacht!

-How we bend the metal could be made more precise. The existing metal bending is done by bare hands, which means that will not be a good way to do for mass production. Since the means we used now will spend too much time and effort but get a product of less precision, we need to find machines to finish those work for accuracy.

-Integrating the Servos into the Wooden Frame. The position of the servos is not fixed so while the WindTrain is moving, the servos may be in misposition and fall down. We need to find a place and fix its position.

-Making a Taller Sail. The sail now can only capture relatively small wind power to propel, and that make the WindTrain quite slow even though there is homogeneous wind. The larger the sail, the larger the area of it will be and hence the larger wind power it will have.

-Height Adjustment of the Boom. The boom is quite high when we measure the distance from the plane attaching it. Most of the wind will therefore escape from the gap between the plate and the boom. We try to make a taller sail and lower the boom at the same time to increase the wind power captured.

-Let the Sail Servo Sweep in a Different Plane. The sail servo controls a wooden plate to swing in a bid to adjust the sail tension. However, the motion will hinder the swinging motion of the boom in some angles, especially in the wooden plate controlled by the servo is vertical. We will then try to make the sail servo sweep in a different plane, and we think being parallel to the ground is the best choice.

Step 6: Improved Prototype

We decided to act on the issues brought up with the previous model. We therefore redesigned some elements of our previous vehicle to produce a slightly modified update.

The changes made where:

-The laser cutting files were redesigned so that the electronics could be integrated with the frame of the vehicle. Furthermore we changed the plane of sweep for the rear servo by including a cavity for it to sit in.

-The previous model had small wheels that got caught up in cracks and deviations in the test surface. We therefore decided to make the new version with bigger wheels. The radius of the new wheels used was 70mm which was almost double the height of the previous wheels. The back axel could remain the same, but the front wheel fork had to be elongated to allow extra space for the bigger wheel. This was accomplished by a simple change in the laser cut files.

-The sail was made longer, we did this by using two 600mm lengths of aluminium rod instead of the previously used 600mm aluminium rod. We had to remake a sail out of the fabric that could suit these dimensions better.

-The metal was bent using a vice. We secured two identical aluminium rods running parallel in a vice, we then applied a force to adjacent parts of the rods creating a more accurate bend and reducing the difference in the form of the two rods.

-As well as integrating the servos into the base plates, we built a box that would sink into the base plate that would house some of the electronics. This would keep the electronics neatly in one place, as well as providing some protection from the elements.

-To provide more strength in the mast, we added pieces of string between the top of the mast and the extremities of the wheel axels.

-We wanted to make the design more collapsible and easier to transport. We therefore replaced the 8mm wheel axel at the back with a 10mm diameter aluminium rod which was fixed in place. This would then have two 8mm aluminium rods with fixed wheels that could slide in and out of this central rod. This would allow you to pull the wheels out when you want to travel with the landyacht in a way that we though would preserve the strength of the vehicle.

-To allow people to film from an fpv angle, an extra slit was added to the front piece. This would allow you to slot a mobile phone in, secured by rubber bands, to record or stream an fpv video of your ride.

Step 7: Test 2

Due to a lack of wind we set up a fan in the workshop to test this prototype.

-The new wheel axels did not compromise any strength or rigidity of the main frame, but they added extra width and fulfilled the desire for a collapsible system.

-The string attached to the top of the mast added a lot more strength in the mast. It reduced the amount of flex in the mast and removed some of the force acting on the connection at the base of the mast.

-The box housed the electronics very well although the parts rattled around within the box, and the corners of the box caught the main sheet.

-The extra slot for the phone allowed for a very smooth and clear video, however it was too low relative to the front wheel. This meant that the front wheel was the main focus of the video and occupied most of the screen.

Step 8: Improvements

Although our previous design ran well, we wanted to improve the following features.

-The box will be designed so that the baseplate of the main frame will form the base of the box. This will save weight and the need to manufacture extra pieces. Furthermore we are making the top of the box hinged as to make it more secure and rigid when the vehicle is moving around.

-The peg that the main sheet runs through is going to be elongated so that the hole is above the top of the box. This will reduce the chance of the mainsheet getting caught on the corners of the box. Also the peg will be made wider as to add strength to it and allow for wearing down of the wood over time.

-The string that was used to add lateral support to the mast will be replaced by steel cables. These will add more strength and will be secured in a different manner. The string was secure to the wheel axels by masking tape, which over time weakens and tears. Therefore we are looking at drilling holes in the axels and using screws and loops to secure the new cables.

-The electronics had a tendency to rattle around in the box, we are therefore adding a sheet of velcro to the base of the box. The electrical components can then be secured to the base of the box with small pieces of velcro. The velcro will be cheap and accessible, whilst allowing for customisation of the product.

-Although the phone mount worked to some degree for my model of phone, we want to make a more versatile platform that can be adapted for other filming devices. We are therefore researching the possibility of securing a tripod mount or ball and joint to the front rods or the the front of the base plate. This would allow for people to add their own mounts as well as providing a platform that can work with a greater range of devices.

Step 9: Summary

We have decided to stick with this final prototype. We are therefore looking into the availability and accessibility of the following parts required:

8mm Diameter Aluminium rods (total=2825mm): -3x600mm -2x400mm -125mm -100mm

10mm Diameter Aluminium rods (total=1040mm): -140mm -2x150mm -2x300mm

3x120mm Diameter Scooter Wheels + 6xBearings

250x160mm 4mm Thick Acrylic

Masking tape

280x610mm 5mm thick plywood

2200mm String Or 2200mm Steel Cable/Wire + 2xEnd Clamps/Fasteners

400mm String

1100x650mm Sail Fabric

22xPlastic Screws

2xFusonic MG-A-15KG Servos + Servo Heads

1x4AA Battery Pack

Furthermore we would like some feedback from people regarding our design and its potential uses. We have already handed a deconstructed model to a group of under 10 kids, and with no instructions left them to figure it out as shown. We now want to see how easy it is for others to understand, and the ways people modify and use it themselves.

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Frank Russell Design

R/c and model yacht design, plans, boats, sails..

I have been a designer of model and radio yachts since 1968. Boats been built from my plans now number in the hundreds both from both home and production builders. Many of my designs have won State and National Championships in Australia and overseas. New designs are added periodically and occasionally I do receive requests for specific designs. I also from time to time produce free plans.

Most of my older plans Pre 2000 will eventually be available as PDF files of the original large format drawing. The plans are located here:

A more complete list of my designs is here:

Plans are normally drawn on A4 and A3 format. Sections and appendages are normally drawn full size, 1:1. Some fin and bulb drawings are drawn to be printed in two halves and joined after printing. Arrangement drawings are 1:5 and sometimes 1:4.  

Make sure when printing that the “Scaling” or “Fit to Page” option is turned off in your printer setup when you print. I also have the “Print Preview” turned on as well so I can check if the page size is correct. All drawings are in either A4 or A3 size paper.

Each drawing has a 100mm scale which will allow you to see if the drawings are the correct size.

The PDF drawings are usually emailed within a few hours of receiving your order from Paypal by email. DXF and DWG formats are available for most plans. Just ask and they also will be emailed. 

Printed Paper Plans are avialable and are printed from the same plan as the PDF. Please ask before ordering. There is usually an additional postage charge for Printed Paper Plans.

LATEST PLANS:

LOA: 938mm LWL: 915mm BOA: 190mm Disp: 5.1kg

PDF Plan emailed or Printed and posted on 6 A4 and A3 sheets

If you require another format: DXF, or DWG, 2D or 3D or printed paper plan, postage extra.

Ellipsis 36 2023 is a 36 inch restricted class designs based on the Ellipsis IOM design. The 36r design was a request from a UK skipper for a lighter version of the 2017 design for both Radio and vane sailing. This design shuld be more suitable for lighter wind smooth water venues than the 2017.

LOA: 938mm LWL: 915mm BOA: 189mm Disp: 4.4kg

Goth 36 2017 is an 36 inch restricted class design based on the Goth IOM design. The original request came from John Fisher in 2013 who wanted a very light 36r for vane sailing. This design is the third design in the series, which has progressively become heavier and more successful.

New Equinox IOM   Plan : The Equinox is a variant of the Ellipsis… IOM.  The basic  design was produced initially as a 3D printed project that never eventuated for various reasons. Two prototypes were built including a 3D printed boat which was built by John Taylor in the UK.  The design incorporates several features of some of the newer IOM shapes including a fuller higher bow profile and wider stern. The design is well balanced and well behaved like the Ellipsis and should be as easy to plank from wood.

Hulls an components for this design are now available. See IOM COMPONENTS Page.

After payment is made. I will email you the pdf file.

Please ask If you require another format: DXF, or DWG, 2D or 3D or printed paper plan, Postage extra.

Phoenix 4 2020 10r Every new design presents a designer with options to consider and directions to go. After a ten year gap from the P3, all 10r’s had adopted the deep keel, light weight approach and although it did seem to work I after the P5 I though that the Phoenix 4 design although fast went in the wrong direction. I always have thought about what I should have done. So this is P4- 2020, with 2020 hindsight is the result.

LOA 1550mm LWL 1250mm BOA 200mm BWL 180mm, 4.2kg ballast on 600mm Draught and P1 to P3, Marblehead style sail plans on a flat deck.

She even drawn in the same software as the original.

After payment is made. I will email you the pdf file. Plan has A3, A4 sheets and a larger sheet with sections deasigned for laser cutting.

Goth 36 is an 36 inch restricted class design based on the Goth IOM design. The original request came from John Fisher in 2013 who wanted a very light 36r for vane sailing. this design is the second in the series, heavier and more successful.   There is also a later 2017 version which will be published soon.

LOA: 938mm LWL: 899mm BOA: 190mm Disp: 4.4kg

If you require another format: DXF, or DWG, 2D or 3D or printed paper plan, just ask.

UFO Mk2 – A development of the successful UFO with a heavier displacement and larger sail plan. Improved aft sections with the chine removed.

LOA: 1838mmLWL: 1250mm Disp: 15kg SA: 0.978763 m2

PDF Plan emailed or Printed and posted on 12 A3 sheets

Phoenix 8 – 10r:  The Phoenix MK 8 is a larger more powerful boat than the last three Phoenix Mks. The P8 is a return to the simple design, No chines, no raised fore deck and Marblehead rig profiles as used from P1 to P3. This allows simpler light weight construction and fully open soft decks and shared rigs if you have a Marblehead.

LOA: 1650 mm LWL: 1240mm, BOA: 170mm, Draught: 630 – 680mm, Disp 5.7kg, SA: 1.00 m2

The Free updated IOM mast and boom schematic along with FRD IOM Setup Guide

FRD IOM Setup Guide Mast and Booms combined Feb 2020

Epsilon RG65 – 65 2019:    This design is based on the successful Ellipsis IOM concept, that of correct volume distribution rather than fashionable features with the emphasis on simplicity and efficiency.

Plans are PDF format or printed paper plan only. 3D hull and 2D bow and stern sections in DXF or DWG format are available on request.

Equation Marblehead 2019:    This design is based on the successful Ellipsis IOM concept, that of correct volume distribution rather than fashionable features with the emphasis on simplicity This design is the result of two Sailing Marblehead prototypes, The Ellipsis 1c and Ellipsis 2a.

Cerberus – 6m Something more of a challenge from a designers and builder’s point of view. A class I have always admired. This is Ceberus, my first published Six Metre design. This is the result of several requests for a design in the class and also a desire on my part build a six Metre for fun sailing locally. There are a couple of boats that will be built in the UK to join the fleet there. This design is intended to excel in moderate winds and will outperform anything of similar size drought and displacement in Australian conditions. Plans are $30 pdf plans from my PLANS page with other formats available. This design may also be available for 3D printing at a later date.

LOA: 1515mm, LWL :1020mm, Displacement: 11.75kg,  SA:0.682019m2

FREE PLANS:

Goth XPRG RG65 for 3D printing:   Deutsch Benoit has completed these drawings for the Goth XP RG  and has kindly made them available for free download from this site. The file is a zipped file containing all the STL files.

Deutche’s Notes: I’m happy to share with you the 3D model in STL designed for small printers ( diam 13mm & 13 mm hight ) Only the bulb fin need to be printed in 2 half. Holes are performed to insert carbon stick. Hope You will enjoy it.

Be free to put  it on you web site ( just insert my name )  if you are happy of my job (  and do not  hesitate to revert if something wrong ).

Printer parameter are : filling 100% for all elements, Hull thickness 1.2mm, Support normally you don’t need. Just glue with cyano. The mast tube is 12mm outside and 10mm diam inside.

Goth XP RG Benoit update 01

Gothica A class 2017 FREE Click HERE  Gothica A class Plan to download the pdf

GOTH – USOM $FREE Click HERE:  Goth-USOM to Download as pdf

GothiX 10r  –  Ten Rater CLASS YACHT   $FREE  Click HERE:  Gothix-10r to download as pdf

GothiX Youtube Video

GOTH RG – RG65 CLASS YACHT $FREE Click HERE: Goth-RG to Download as pdf $FREE  RG65-Sail-Plans

GOTHIC – M   $FREE  Click HERE: Gothic-M-Plan to Download as pdf

FREE  Marblehead-Sail-Plans

Build your own radio controlled yacht

Are you ready to embark on the exciting journey of building your very own model rc yacht.

Our comprehensive eBook has  clear building instructions and step-by-step photography for the Racing Sparrow 750mm RC Yacht.

What we cover in our boat building eBook

Download a sample of our eBook

Even those with limited building experience can join in on the fun with minimal materials and a simple toolset. Our eBook by New Zealander Bryn Heveldt covers strip planking, fibreglass strengthening, mould and casting techniques, electrics installation, spray painting and masking, sail making and tuning.

To get started on your Racing Sparrow model RC yacht project, purchase our eBook and download the PDF now.

Racing Sparrow blog

We share tips and stories from the model boat building community. See all Blog Posts.

The Design Rationale for the RacingSparrow 750

Radio Controlled Yacht Electrics - For Beginners

Model Yacht Design: Pushing the Limits with Racing Sparrow

Using 3D Programs to Design Boats: A Beginner's Journey with Fusion 360

Free model boat plans.

We provide a number of different boat plans that you can build using techniques covered in our full eBook.

You can download plans for boats of different sizes and specifications.

What our customers say about Racing Sparrow

Being a complete novice, I purchased your book a couple of years ago and built two racing sparrows. Building on this experience I then went on to build, from scratch, an IOM (Triple Crown design). I've since joined a local club and sail virtually every weekend. I would just like to thank you for your endeavours which have allowed me to enter a world I never thought was in my reach.

John Sterland, Australia

Coming upon your book, "Build your own Radio Controlled Yacht" in the Napier Public Library, I am hugely impressed. The combination of your superb photos and illustrations with your easy writing style make it a standout publication and I hope it does well for you.

Richard Spence, New Zealand

Thanks for an excellent design in your RG65. I trialled her again today in a solid 20 knots gusting higher. Even so in a steep chop and fingers off the rudder she drove upwind remarkably well, balanced perfectly. Very impressed that a model boat can handle that with a large rig. I found the book excellent. Ive built several big boats, plus a few skiffs and without that resource building such a good boat would have been impossible.

Mike Bennett

Boats built by the Racing Sparrow community

We continue to be amazed at the beautiful model RC boats created by Racing Sparrow enthusiasts .  Send your images to info@racingsparrow.co.nz.

Take a look at the full boat gallery  page. So many fine model yachts!

Eric Rosenbaum , USA

May 4, 2009

Jonathan Daniel

Oct 9, 2008

Jerry Cashman's RS750 , Canberra, Australia

Nov 26, 2022

Hello! Here a couple of pix of my Sparrow. She’s been finished for a year or so now but the lockdowns has kept her out of the water largely.

She’s a beaut. Sails beautifully on just the lightest air. Thanks for the design! 

DKM247 - Proud RacingSparrow Builder/Owner , Melbourne, Australia

Dec 1, 2016

More about Racing Sparrow

When I was nine years old my father, Ross Heveldt taught me to sail down at Bucklands Beach in Auckland. My wee optimist dinghy was called 'The Racing Sparrow', the nickname my uncle Bruce Curry gave to me when I was a small boy. Apparently I had an abundance of energy.

I studied at Whanganui School of Design and have been a designer / developer since 1998. I live in New Zealand.

Best wishes and happy sailing, Bryn Heveldt.

To contact me please email:  info@racingsparrow.co.nz

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Free ship model plans, tall ships & boats, steamers steamboats, motorboats powerboats, small boats barges, world war i. austro-hungarian navy, hungarian river fleet.

Capture the wind with a landsailer . . . feel the freedom!

designed for the novice woodworker no welding required, built from standard lumber yard items

width: 75" - length: 86" - weight: 80 pounds easily 'breaks down' for transporting

assembles in less than five minutes . . . and you're ready to sail when dissembled the heaviest part is 34 pounds designed to carry a sunfish sail, building plans include instructions for building a sail convert to blades for ice

click here for an overview of the plans

full building plans $29.50

Select item sailcar plans email - $29.50 sailcar plans hardcopy - $37.00

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• Pre-K & Kindergarten
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Explore sail shape, area and angle to the wind needed for a wind powered vehicle to effectively capture wind energy.

( 5-10 Minutes )

It is a windy weekend at the beach and Jack and Jill are out to have a bit of fun. They have this old cart they normally use, but today it’s Jill’s turn to push Jack and Zog the Dog, and the weather is really windy, which makes it very hard work for her.

Jill gives up in the end and Jack can understand why. Zog the Dog does his best to help out and suddenly he sees an old towel half buried in the sand. Jill spots it at exactly the same time and they discuss between them how using the towel, the wind power, and a few other things, it may be possible to make a kind of land yacht that will safely take them all for a fun ride.

How can you make a safe cart that is powered by the wind ... and carries at least one person? Let’s find out!

( 20-25 Minutes )

Make Your Test Track Stick a 4-meter (≈ 4 yards) strip of masking tape across a stretch of floor and mark it off every 10 cm (≈ 4 in) from the fan. Now we are ready to build models!

Warning! This may be dangerous!

Warning! Fans are potentially dangerous. Make sure that students handle them with great care!

Build the Land Yacht (all of Book 9A and book 9B to page 5, step 12) Build it with the small sail first.

Contemplate

( 20-25 minutes ).

What difference does sail size make? Predict and test: what difference could there be between the 40 cm2 (≈ 15 in2) (small), 80 cm2 (≈ 31.5 in2) (medium), and 160 cm2 (≈ 63 in2) (large) sails on the yacht. How far will each roll ... and (optional) how fast?

Test at least three times with each sail attached to obtain a scientifically valid answer.

In our tests, the small sail rolled about 1.5 m, the medium about 2 m and the large about 2.5 m. Double the area gathers more wind energy but does not double the distance. Why? The further from the fan, the weaker the wind! Larger sails moved faster at first. But all the sail sizes stopped rolling after about 10 seconds. None of them sail faster than the wind!

Tip Choose ONE speed setting to do all the tests. Any speed will do. We used high speed.

Note Your ‘serious’ scientists might also suggest testing the land yacht with just the bare mast, i.e. with no sail at all, so you might wish to try that as well.

What if the wind is blowing from an angle? Launch your land yacht at different angles across the wind stream. Can you explain what happens?

At most angles except D the yacht still moves forward! One part of the wind’s force is deflected off the sail, propelling it forward.

The other part of the force tries to blow it sideways. In fact a land yacht sailing across the wind at angles B and C can go very fast – but could also flip over.

Did you know? The LEGO figure weighs 3 g (≈ 0.1 oz). The yacht weighs about 55 g (≈ 1.94 oz). The weight brick is 53 g (≈ 1.9 oz). Predict and test how the yacht would perform with a weight brick load.

Does sail shape matter? Try making card or paper sails with the same area but a different shape. Find out about Square Riggers, Kon-Tiki, Chinese Junks, and Arab Dhows from books or by searching the internet.

( 25-30 Minutes )

The Wind Sucker Rebuild the model to page 24, step 15. Hold the model 2 m (≈ 2 yds) away facing the fan (set on high speed). Predict what will happen when you let go. Then try it! Can you explain?

It builds up speed running towards the fan. The wheels may skid when it is close to the fan. The energy from the wind is collected by the sails, geared down (3:1), which increases the force and turns the wheels, but in the opposite direction. When it skids – the wind force one way is equal to the friction force of the tires pushing the other way

Idea Predict and test what happens if you face it away from the fan.

Making it more efficient? Add a weight brick and see what happens. Swap the thin wheels for big wheels.

If it is skidding, adding weight increases friction by pressing the tires harder onto the floor. Large wheels also have more area in contact with the floor, i.e. friction and grip increase and it moves forward. It will also move faster (larger wheels).

Teacher Support

Students will explore the concepts of: Scientific investigation Air resistance Area Mechanisms – Gears Force Friction Formal and informal measuring of time and distance

9686 Simple & Powered Machines Set (two students per set recommended) 4-meter (≈ 4 yards) strip of smooth floor Masking tape Meter stick (yard stick) or measuring tape Timer or stopwatch 3-speed desk fan Optional: card, scissors, pencils, and rulers to make your own sails

NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas: Physical Science MS-PS2 Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Crosscutting Concepts Energy and matter

Science and Engineering Practices Developing and using models Planning and carrying out investigations Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

Common Core Mathematics Standards 7.RP.A / 6.NS.B / 6.EE.C / 7.EE.B / 8.EE.B / 8.F.B / 6.SP.A

Common Core English Language Arts SL 6.1 / 6.2 / 7.1 / 7.4 / 8.1 RST 6-8.3 / 6-8.4 / 6-8.7 WHST 6-8.1 / 6-8.7 / 6-8.8 / 6-8.9

Student Material

Student worksheet.

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Plans for a new Bay Area city take shape. Will Solano County voters buy in?

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Good morning. It’s Monday, March 11 . Here’s what you need to know to start your day.

• A wealthy development group is making a lot of promises about their planned utopia. But it’s up to Solano County voters.
• The 2024 Oscars happened , despite a delay after demonstrators marched in Hollywood, calling for a cease-fire in the Israel-Hamas war .
• It’s the end of an era for The Times as the presses stopped at the Olympic printing plant — and the paper gets printed in Riverside instead.
• And here’s today’s e-newspaper .

Start your day right

Sign up for Essential California for news, features and recommendations from the L.A. Times and beyond in your inbox six days a week.

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Plans for a new Bay Area city take shape. Will Solano County voters be convinced?

Remember that plan to build a futuristic utopia in rural Solano County?

If not, here’s a quick refresher : Starting in 2018, a mysterious company began buying up land in the Bay Area county, eventually amassing more than 52,000 acres around Travis Air Force Base, the city of Rio Vista and throughout the rural region north of the Sacramento River.

In the absence of clear motives, suspicion took hold. Among the speculations was concern that Chinese-backed investors were behind the land buys to keep tabs on Travis Air Force Base, the busiest such base in the country.

Local, state and federal officials were stumped. It was the New York Times that solved the mystery . The land was bought by a group of investors with deep ties to Silicon Valley. The company is led by Jan Sramek, a former Goldman Sachs trader, with wealthy investors including Emerson Collective founder Laurene Powell Jobs, LinkedIn co-founder Reid Hoffman, Stripe co-founders Patrick and John Collison and venture capitalist Marc Andreessen.

Their motive: to build a whole new California city fueled by clean energy and filled with affordable housing and good-paying jobs.

Following that reporting, the secretive group switched gears, rebranding its effort as California Forever. The initial plan was vague, and early renderings of this new utopia appeared to have been hastily created with AI. But the group’s plan was real, and members began pitching it to Solano County residents, hoping to gather the 13,000 valid signatures needed to get a ballot measure before local voters in November. Residents would have to approve changing local zoning rules to approve the massive project.

That measure, dubbed the East Solano Homes, Jobs, and Clean Energy Initiative , would codify a lot of promises, including:

• Creating at least 15,000 jobs “in which workers earn at least the annualized equivalent of 125% of the average weekly wage in Solano County.”
• Giving $400 million to Solano County residents for home down payments and to create affordable housing.
• Creating a “Travis Security Zone” around the air force base where new residential and commercial development is prohibited.
• Setting aside more than 700 acres as the Rio Vista Parkland, a “shared open space resource with parks, sports facilities, and bike paths” for the new city and neighboring Rio Vista.

The prospective developers also note plans for boosting solar energy generation, improving “safety and capacity” on local highways (a.k.a. widening those roadways) and building neighborhoods that “embrace slow, human-centered space” over space for cars.

California Forever’s architects are hoping local voters will buy into the plan after years of secrecy and controversial land-buy tactics that turned off some residents and elected leaders.

Reps. John Garamendi (D-Walnut Grove) and Mike Thompson (D-St. Helena) each represent districts that would include this new development. Both have raised concerns about the effects on Travis Air Force Base and county residents. More recently, they’ve warned that approving the measure could leave the county government with limited oversight of any future development.

The group shared a new ad for its proposal last week, along with an aerial concept map of how the new city might fill those tens of thousands of acres the group owns.

The developers’ vision is less vague than the plan revealed in the summer, but the path from concept to actual community is far from guaranteed .

“The campaign faces opposition from the Solano County chapter of the Sierra Club, which said housing should not be built on agricultural land,” Times investigative reporter Melody Gutierrez wrote last week . “If the ballot measure is approved by voters, other government approvals would then be required. Environmental groups have signaled lawsuits are possible, which could tie up the matter in court.”

Today’s top stories

Oscars coverage

• In case you missed the show, here’s a list of all the winners .
• The Los Angeles Times was among those winners, awarded its first Oscar for ‘The Last Repair Shop,’ about the Los Angeles Unified School District’s music program.
• Review: An upbeat Oscars , on the edge of good taste and not entirely divorced from reality.
• All the best and worst moments of the 2024 Oscars , as they happened.
• The top 5 takeaways from the 2024 Oscars , according to those who were there.
• A school bus, donated dresses, Alicia Keys’ hairstylist: Two LAUSD students go to the Oscars .
• Here are all the looks from the 2024 Oscars red carpet .

Health and environment

• More parents are delaying their kids’ vaccines, and it’s alarming pediatricians .
• Calls are growing to shut down Chiquita Canyon Landfill. But experts say that closing the facility won’t solve the problem .
• Is Joshua Tree’s famed three-legged coyote being loved to death? Times environment reporter Alex Wigglesworth unpacks the legend of Tripod .

More big stories

• Roughly 1,000 demonstrators rallied in Hollywood ahead of the Oscar ceremony, calling for a cease-fire in Gaza .
• The USC women’s basketball team stunned top-seeded Stanford to win the Pac-12 tournament title .
• Here’s one rare thing Republicans and Democrats agree on: California races are a key strategy to winning control of the U.S. House of Representatives in November .
• In Kern County, an abandoned church gets a second life as housing for former foster youths .
• A California bill banning medical debt from credit reports gets a boost from California Atty. Gen. Rob Bonta .
• The AP retracts Kate Middleton photo ‘because it appeared to be manipulated.’

Get unlimited access to the Los Angeles Times. Subscribe here .

Commentary and opinions

• Robin Abcarian : Chill out, my fellow Americans. Your president isn’t cognitively impaired .
• Erika D. Smith: California isn’t sending a Black woman to the Senate. But Barbara Lee won anyway .
• Steve Lopez: Cereal for dinner? It’s one way to beat supermarket inflation .
• Ieva Jusionyte: This is the border crisis factor no one talks about: American guns .
• Jackie Calmes: Unhappy with the Supreme Court? Your vote for president could make it worse .
• Doyle McManus: Biden says America is ‘coming back.’ Trump says we’re ‘in hell.’ Are they talking about the same nation?
• George Skelton: You can relax Gavin: Biden showed he’s not a doddering old man .

Today’s great reads

Storied presses print L.A. Times for the last time as production moves to Riverside . Sunday marked the last night the newspaper rolled out of the longtime Olympic printing plant, with production moving to Riverside starting today. Times staff writer Thomas Curwen chronicled the history of the facility, which he called “a time capsule enshrining a 19th century product manufactured with 20th century technology and poised for 21st century obsolescence.”

Other great reads

• Gen Z’s weekend plans? Wait an hour for a $6 matcha in your most expensive hoodie .
• Korean merchants have kept the Slauson swap meet alive for 40 years . Their final chapter is near.

How can we make this newsletter more useful? Send comments to [email protected] .

For your downtime

• 📖 Book review: Russell Banks found the elusive heart of Trumpism in a fictional New York town .
• 🧑‍🍳 Here’s a recipe for kai jiew (Thai-style omelet) .
• ✏️ Get our free daily crossword puzzle, sudoku, word search and arcade games .

And finally ... a great photo

Show us your favorite place in California! We’re running low on submissions. Send us photos that scream California and we may feature them in an edition of Essential California.

Today’s great photo is from Miya Cohen-Sieg of Seattle: the rock-rich views in Joshua Tree.

Miya writes: “I love the Split Rock trail in Joshua Tree. It’s representative of the diversity of the desert. It not only has a lot of interesting rock formations (some humorous, some beautiful, some slightly naughty), but the vegetation is quite varied including cactus, pine trees, oak, juniper.”

Have a great day, from the Essential California team Ryan Fonseca, reporter Amy Hubbard, deputy editor, Fast Break

Check our top stories , topics and the latest articles on latimes.com .

Ryan Fonseca writes the Los Angeles Times’ Essential California newsletter. A lifelong SoCal native, he has worked in a diverse mix of newsrooms across L.A. County, including radio, documentary, print and television outlets. Most recently, he was an associate editor for LAist.com and KPCC-FM (89.3) public radio, covering transportation and mobility. He returns to The Times after previously working as an assistant web editor for Times Community News, where he helped manage the websites and social media presence of the Burbank Leader, Glendale News-Press and La Cañada Valley Sun. Fonseca studied journalism at Cal State Northridge, where he now teaches the next generation of journalists to develop their voice and digital skills.

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