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Twenty for 20: Innovative Yachts of the 21st Century

There are many options for enjoying these beasts of the ocean in a more responsible way.

By Ellie Brade

Superyachts, understandably, have a bad name when it comes to being environmentally friendly. But there are many options for enjoying these beasts of the ocean in a greener and more responsible way. Among the growing number of initiatives for lower-impact yachting is hybrid propulsion (the use of a combination of energy sources, such as diesel and battery power), more efficient hulls and choosing sail over motor.  Looking to the future, sustainability is becoming more and more important to those building and buying yachts, and this is reflected in the types of superyachts hitting the water. Ellie Brade takes a closer look at the trailblazing eco-friendly yachts of the past 20 years, as well as the most exciting projects on the horizon.

SY Ethereal was the first superyacht with a true hybrid system on board / @Franco Pace

Launched by Dutch yard Royal Huisman in 2008, 190-ft ketch Ethereal was a trendsetter that paved the way for future ‘eco’ superyachts. The first superyacht with a true hybrid system on board, she was the dream of owners Bill and Shannon Joy who set out to challenge the norm of yacht building. Together with the shipyard, naval architect Ron Holland and exterior/interior designer Pieter Beeldsnijder, the Joys worked to create a yacht that would have the lowest possible impact on the planet. The result was a technologically advanced design that delivered energy efficiency in a sleek and high-performance package.

Thanks to a twin hybrid electro-mechanical propulsion system, which recharges her battery bank, Ethereal can operate for long periods of time under the quiet stored power of her own resources. Every detail of Ethereal was examined for ways to reduce energy demands—from lighting to air-conditioning—and she delivers an impressively efficient performance when underway. Her open interior, with a warm and welcoming feel, invites guests in— fittingly, as her entire layout was designed to maximize spaces and allow those on board to spend quality time together. Since her launch Ethereal has traveled the world, treading lightly wherever she goes.

royalhuisman.com

Black Pearl

The Black Pearl is capable of crossing the Atlantic without using any fuel / ©Tom Van Oossanen

At 350 ft, Black Pearl is the largest sailing superyacht in the world. She is certainly not inconspicuous but, despite her size, she is extremely eco-friendly. Delivered by Oceanco in 2016, Black Pearl is said to have the capability to cross the Atlantic using zero fossil fuel. Plans for undertaking this particular feat were underway when Covid-19 hit and delayed this attempt, but her captain, Chris Gartner, says that the owner and the Black Pearl team are committed to going ahead with that as soon as possible.

[See also: Step Inside the Black Pearl Yacht]

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Black Pearl incorporates features that ensure a lower environmental impact: propellers that can generate electricity when operating in ‘regeneration mode’ and, one of her most impressive features, her sails also double as a source of power. Measuring an incredible 31,215 sq ft, Black Pearl’s sails have built-in solar panels that create electricity that is then stored so it can be put to use elsewhere as needed. The DynaRig sails also allow the yacht to be easily operated under sail power as much as possible, greatly reducing the need for fuel.

oceancoyacht.com

Savannah was built by Dutch shipyard Feadship/ ©Feadship

Savannah , built by Dutch shipyard Feadship and hailed as the first hybrid motoryacht at her 2015 launch, is also the world’s largest metallic-painted floating object. This beautiful yacht has collected many awards, including the coveted Motor Yacht of the Year at the 2016World Superyacht Awards. Her ‘Breathe’ propulsion system delivers 30% fuel-saving economies, and she can cruise under diesel electric or simply electric battery power.

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Savannah set a precedent for other eco-friendly projects from Feadship, including the ultra-sustainable 308-ft Viva (Hull 817), which has made waves since her February 2021 launch. As attractive as she is innovative, her elegant, four-deck floating superstructure pairs world-class technology with timeless style; features include the ‘Nemo Lounge,’ where you can peek below the waves and marvel at passing sea life from the comfort of the yacht. The main deck has a 30-ft pool and two main salons that are divided by a video wall, and the owner’s stateroom boasts a skylight above the master bed for admiring the starscape above.

feadship.nl

Ice was one of the most technologically advanced yachts when it was launched in 2005 / @Klaus Jordan

Delivered in 2005 by German powerhouse Lürssen, at the time of her launch ICE (then named AIR ) was one of the most technologically advanced yachts. The brief from the owner called for the yacht to be as environmentally friendly as possible, and she delivered that in spades. She was the first yacht in the world to be fitted with Azipods, a diesel-electric propulsion system that offers many benefits including improved fuel efficiency, the option to use multiple energy sources and improved comfort, thanks to lower noise and vibration levels.

Pump jets combined with the Azipods can be controlled by the yacht’s dynamic positioning system, allowing ICE to anchor ‘electronically’ in shallow waters, removing the need to drop anchor and potentially damage sensitive underwater environments. Her original owner had a very clear vision of what he wanted from his yacht — it needed to be big on space with sleek lines and well-balanced proportions yet with large volumes. Design legend Tim Heywood took this brief and ran with it, resulting in a graceful yacht characterized by sweeping contours and grand windows that drench the yacht in natural light.

lurssen.com

Artefact sets sail on her maiden voyage in 2020 / ©Francisco Martinez

The impressive 262-ft Artefact , designed by Gregory C Marshall and delivered by Nobiskrug Yachts in 2020, is a head turner for more than one reason. Her striking exterior, which makes clever use of glass, is the most obvious, but her eco-credentials are her biggest asset. Built for visionary owners who specifically requested a yacht with a reduced environmental impact, Artefact’s many solutions for this brief include 248 ft of solar panels and a battery storage system that allows the yacht to operate without its main engines for periods of time.

[See also: Artefact: The Eco Superyacht that Changed the Game]

Added to that is her dynamic positioning system and Azipod propulsion system – these allow Artefact to easily hold her position without needing to use her anchors and reduce her emissions while also upping her efficiency. In fact, she was one of the very first superyachts built to meet IMO Tier III emissions regulations. For those wishing to enjoy pristine surroundings without interruption, Artefact is also capable of silent operations. This ‘greener’ superyacht certainly doesn’t compromise on comfort and on her launch was the biggest volume yacht of her size in the world. She perfectly pairs form and function… in other words, this award-winning yacht is the full package.

nobiskrug.com

Sailing Yachts

Juliet in the Norwegian fjords / ©Jonathan Allan

Originally launched in 1993, the 143-ft Juliet was reborn this summer after an extensive “go greener” refit at her original build yard, Royal Huisman. Newly transformed into a hybrid yacht, Juliet now bears technologies that will future-proof her for years to come. Her new hybrid system offers numerous benefits including silent operations, zero emissions, peak-shaving, shaft-generated power under sail and reduced fuel consumption. A brand-new gearbox, aligned with a sophisticated new electric motor/generator, will allow electric propulsion that is powered by either the main engine or alternatively the battery pack or generator. Meanwhile, a battery bank will allow Juliet to operate in ‘silent ship’ mode.

When stretching her legs under sail, the rotation of the propeller will generate electric power. When at anchor she can run on battery power so guests can relax without any noise pollution that might detract from their surroundings. With nearly a quarter a million miles logged since her launch, Juliet is now ready for the next quarter million miles to come.

Swan 88 Hybrid

Finnish builders Nautor’s Swan has joined the trend for hybrid yachts with its Swan 88 Hybrid model, which has a hybrid-electric propulsion system that marks a new era for the yard’s Maxi range. This new direction for the yard includes making greater use of eco-friendly materials in its designs. The Swan 88 Hybrid is the yard’s first attempt at a hybrid yacht, and the design has already borne fruit – in May 2021 it announced it had already sold the first hull.

Described by Nautor’s Swan as a “dual soul of racer and cruiser,” the Swan 88 Hybrid pairs comfort and performance and is an excellent ‘starter size’ superyacht that is spacious but manageable. The minimalist exterior design by German Frers is complemented by “a comfortable, harmonious and magical” interior by Misa Poggi. An easy-handle sail plan makes use of the brand’s long experience in ocean racing, delivering “efficient, uncomplicated and easily managed sailing”. The layout and design has been tailored to maximize guest comfort on longer trips – this first model will be able to travel the world with a lighter footprint thanks to her eco credentials.

nautorswan.com

Sailing purists the world over treasure the sight of a J Class yacht. Original J Class yachts raced in the 1930s under the Universal Rule, in events including the America’s Cup. There have been several replica J Class yachts built in modern times as well. Elegant Rainbow is one such replica and was built in Holland in 2012 by Holland Jachtbouw. Her design was based on the original Rainbow , which won the America’s Cup in 1934, and it paired the best of classic yacht design with all the necessary modern technologies and comforts.

Like many other eco-friendly sailing yachts, Rainbow is powered by a hybrid propulsion system – in fact, she was the first J Class to boast this capability. This means a welcome 30% reduction in fuel usage, as well as the option of silent operations when underway. As beautiful on the inside as she is on the outside, Rainbow ’s luxurious interior makes use of elegant mahogany woods, sophisticated styling and plenty of space to enjoy. If owning a J Class is your dream, Rainbow is currently for sale for a cool $8,250,000.

y.co/yacht/rainbow

The 142-ft Canova takes the title of being Baltic Yachts’s very first zero emissions yacht over 100 ft / ©Baltic Yachts

Built by Finnish firm Baltic Yachts in 2019, the 142-ft Canova takes the title of being the yard’s very first zero emissions yacht over 100 ft. This was a mandate of her owner, who wanted his long-distance cruising yacht to be as green as possible. Canova more than met the mark and carries an impressive line-up of modern technologies including a power regeneration system that, in theory, allows a never-ending supply for the yacht to make use of. An added first is that Canova is the first superyacht to be fitted with a transverse Dynamic Stability System foil, which delivers unprecedented comfort levels for a sailing yacht by reducing heel and motion.

Guests can relax on board Canova and enjoy nine hours of ‘silent’ mode made possible by an electric propulsion system that also charges the on-board battery bank. An easy-to-handle, yet powerful, sail plan ensures hoisting the sails is a breeze, meaning Canova can make the most of her sailing prowess (again cutting down on engine use). Large spaces and good indoor/outdoor flow make her a home away from home, with communal spaces including the large, sheltered cockpit with drop down glass sides. Canova was built to take her owner and guests around the world and will be venturing to a wide variety of destinations over the coming years.

balticyachts.fi

Sw108 Hybrid

The SW108 Hybrid will allow for efficient consumption of fossil fuels and reduce harmful emissions

First revealed in 2021, the SW108 Hybrid from South African shipyard Southern Wind Shipyard (SWS) is an exciting diesel-electric concept that has been designed with the planet in mind. It is the result of an impressive collaboration between SWS, Nauta Design and Farr Yacht Design. Featuring the ‘SWS Diesel-Electric Hybrid System,’ the SW108 Hybrid will allow for efficient consumption of fossil fuels and reduce harmful emissions.

[See also: Discovering the World’s Most Exciting Superyacht Concepts]

All this is presented in a sleek, elegant and reliable package typical of SWS. Key features include a plus-sized beach club and a garage with room for a 16 ft tender. Sure to appeal to sailors looking for a reliable and comfortable “greener” sailing yacht, the design is what the yard describes as “a more environmentally friendly approach to performance yacht sailing.” The shipyard takes its responsibilities to deliver more eco-friendly yachts very seriously and the SW108 Hybrid will likely set the tone for future designs from SWS.

sws-yachts.com

To the Future…

REV Ocean will be kitted out with the latest sampling, observation, mapping and communication equipment / ©REV Ocean

Due to be completed in 2024, 600-ft REV Ocean will be the world’s largest research vessel. With construction well underway in Norway, REV Ocean is a state-of-the-art yacht that has been designed to ensure ‘one healthy ocean.’ As a luxury floating laboratory, her impressive facilities will allow her to undertake cutting-edge ocean science. She has an abundance of sustainable features, and her assets will include everything from a deep-diving submarine to a lecture theater for discussing discoveries.

[See also: Inside the Incredible Superyacht REV]

“ REV Ocean’s hull and propeller were designed for less resistance and more efficiency moving through the water, saving up to 15% on fuel consumption,” explains Lawrence Hislop of REV Ocean . “Additionally, lithium-ion battery packs, LED lighting, a heat recovery system, an onboard incinerator and DNV SILENT-R rating all contribute to the philosophy of making REV Ocean one of the world’s most sustainable research and expedition vessels.” Want to experience REV Ocean for yourself? She will be offering special, once-in-a-lifetime charters that allow guests to play their own part in REV Ocean’s important work.

revocean.org

Arksen 85 offers luxurious comfort and large onboard spaces / ©Arksen Yachts

Last year work began on the Arksen 85 — dubbed Project Ocean — the first self-proclaimed “ultimate marine exploration vessel” to be built by Arksen Yachts. Created to travel the world, with a stable, hardy design, the Arksen 85 is intended to explore with low environmental impact. She’s built in an eco-friendly way, with her hull and superstructure made from low-carbon, recycled aluminum. A range of up to 7,000 nm will give her plenty of scope for adventures, and her eco credentials include a solar array option for zero-carbon electrical power and a hybrid propulsion system.

Buying an Arksen yacht offers several bolt-ons such as membership in the Arksen Explorers’ Club, which helps owners make the most of their vessels, and an invitation to join the Arksen Foundation, where owners are invited to pledge 10% of their vessels’ sea time to ocean-exploration projects. The Arksen 85 offers luxurious comfort and large onboard spaces. This first build will include a full beam master suite, media room and children’s cabin. She is due to launch in 2022, and a large portion of her time at sea has already been committed to the Arksen Foundation.

Project AQUA

The stunning infinity pool on Project AQUA / ©Sinot Yacht Architecture & Design

Project AQUA made headlines around the world last year when rumors started that she was being built for Bill Gates. This speculation was later dispelled but, in the process, the world got a good look at the 367-ft vessel and so too a glimpse of what the future of yacht design might look like. The work of Lateral Naval Architects in collaboration with Sinot Yacht Design, hydrogen-powered Project AQUA represents how yachting might one day achieve zero carbon usage.

[See also: Hydrogen-Powered Yachts: What to Know]

“For Project AQUA we set ourselves an objective of using near-future technology,” explains Simon Brealey, principal mechanical engineer at Lateral. “Liquid hydrogen has the potential to be created from renewable sources via electrolysis and as such can be considered a zero carbon fuel with the only local emissions being water. Project AQUA demonstrates [that] the onboard technology to enable a zero carbon project is ready, and we hope that it acts to inspire superyacht owners, shipyards, the hydrogen infrastructure industry and the wider maritime industry.”

The Sinot team used “an integrated and highly poetic design approach” when creating her: Cascading exterior decks are paired with a minimalist Japanese beach-style interior that provides living spaces in perfect balance with the water on which the vessel sits.

lateral.engineering , sinot.com

The 312-ft hybrid yacht Bliss is the most recent Feadship vessel to hit the water / ©Feadship

Dutch yard Feadship now has a good number of eco yachts to its name, and 312-ft hybrid yacht Bliss is the most recent to have hit the water. Launched in May 2021, Bliss benefits from the very latest advances in technology with an all-new hybrid propulsion system. De Voogt Naval Architects were heavily involved in the design and engineering of the hybrid system, which will allow the yacht to sail in diesel-electric mode. In a win-win for comfort and for the world, “this package helps to protect the environment and provides premium comfort for all who step aboard,” says Feadship. Bliss also has Polar Code compliance – what better way to connect with the importance of protecting the health of our planet than by coming face to face with the icy majesty of the Polar regions?

Built for a very hands-on owner, Bliss features an exterior design by Jan Schaffers of Studio de Voogt and interior design by Remi Tessier. This team has created an elegant style that they describe as “natural and welcoming, inside and out.” Highlights include nine cabins, a gym and wellness space, a pool and a convertible helideck. Designed for family fun and to see the world this magnificent custom yacht is a timeless triumph.

Eco Explorer

Eco Explorer concept is described as “a genuinely eco-friendly superyacht” / ©Feadship

A collaboration between Dutch yard Feadship and French design studio Merveille Yachting, the Eco Explorer concept is described by Feadship as “a genuinely eco-friendly superyacht.” The yacht combines all the best elements of motor and sail yachts in one efficient package. She features a mast system that has fully automated wings twice as powerful as a standard sailing yacht rig, while the use of sail power reduces fuel use as well.

Energy is also harnessed from a trio of onboard solutions including wind turbines, solar panels and underwater turbines. These, together with other reduction elements, add up to the use of an estimated 50-70% less fossil fuel, and more than three times the range of an equivalent boat. The 55-ft beam ensures plenty of space on board, with an inviting interior and vast beach club that includes a 49-ft swimming pool. The perfect yacht for seeing the world guilt-free, “the Eco Explorer is on the forefront of cutting-edge, environmentally friendly technology,” says Feadship.

feadship.nl , merveille-yachting.com

Vento was designed by Carlo Nuvolari and Dan Lenard to be a “manifesto for environmental protection” / ©Nuvolari-Lenard

A mighty 328-ft sailing yacht concept, Vento is the brainchild of Nuvolari-Lenard. First revealed in June 2021 at the Venice Boat Show, this behemoth was created by design duo Carlo Nuvolari and Dan Lenard to be a “manifesto for environmental protection” and a visual appeal to superyacht designers to create truly green yachts. This radical concept will use the wind as its main source of propulsion and its slipstream hull will ensure it moves efficiently through the water. Its Wing Sail sail plan is more efficient than traditional rigs, allowing for better performance. A diesel-electric system with variable speed generators and variable pitch propellors will allow operations to be adjusted to achieve maximum efficiency.

Nuvolari and Lenard both believe that it is not enough to design a yacht that is “greener,” and instead our entire mentalities and attitudes towards yacht design needs to shift. “ Vento speaks to a market sensitive to environmental issues, worried about the future of the marine ecosystem, which is ready to do its part,” they say. Vento is their testimony and, they believe, proof that a truly green yacht needn’t mean compromising on innovative designs and luxurious living.

nuvolari-lenard.com  

Project Crystal

Project Crystal is named for the distinctive crystalline lattice that forms a striking part of the exterior profile / ©Nick Stark Design

The size of the 308-ft Project Crystal is an eco yacht option for buyers who can’t let go of the idea of a very large yacht. She, like the rest on this list, has been designed in a way that will allow efficient operations and energy savings. “As with all our designs, the impact of a vessel on its context is crucial — environmental considerations extend from the controllable pitch propellers which maximize efficiency, through the hydrodynamic optimizations of the hull, hybrid power systems and glazing arrangements that minimize solar gain,” says Nick Stark, naval architect at Nick Stark Design.

Project Crystal is named for the distinctive crystalline lattice that forms a striking part of the exterior profile. Designed to be a sanctuary, Project Crystal is a safe and relaxing space that is both beautiful on board and from afar. “We wanted to create an aesthetic that is celebratory,” says Stark. “The lines flow up and across, both lifting our gaze and also guiding it to what is around us: the people, the community and the environment”. The design is able to achieve swift global navigation and she has been crafted with a relentless focus on hydrodynamic fundamentals – the sleek unadorned underwater lines tick the boxes for both fuel efficiency and superb seakeeping. Not to mention she looks pretty exceptional too.

nickstark.design

Sunreef 80 Eco

The eco-responsible luxury craft contains the latest green technologies in the industry / ©Sunreef

The Sunreef 80 Eco catamaran design is described by Sunreef Yachts as “an eco-responsible luxury craft combining electric propulsion, superyacht living spaces, reliable sailing performance and the latest green technologies in the industry.” The Sunreef 80 Eco is the largest in the yard’s Eco range, which boasts a large number of appealing ‘green’ features. These include state-of-the-art batteries, sustainable interiors, wind generators and smart water management. In fact, the entire Sunreef brand has undergone a central shift and rebrand towards producing “eco luxury” catamarans.

[See also: Style and Sustainability: The New Sunreef 80 Eco Catamaran]

Sunreef Yachts have worked hard on developing their own proprietary solar panel system, which has been integrated into the Sunreef 80 Eco design, allowing for 1,765 sq ft of ultra-light solar panels installed around the vessel. Pairing comfort and green technology, she has been designed for long range offshore cruising in total silence and in harmony with her surroundings. The entire design can be customized to suit her owners, with plenty of light-filled spaces in close proximity to the ocean. The first Sunreef 80 Eco is currently in build and due to make her debut in 2021.

sunreef-yachts-eco.com

The sailing yacht with the lowest possible environmental footprint / ©TDoS

This year saw Tillberg Design of Sweden (TDoS) release its interpretation of an eco superyacht, the 265-ft Aegir 2.0 . The design house describes it as “the sailing yacht with the lowest possible environmental footprint.” A big claim indeed. The design has a wind-electric propulsion system that recharges her batteries as she sails. This means her range is theoretically infinite – the world will be her oyster. A Dynarig sail plan will ensure excellent performance, while the trimaran hull delivers excellent seakeeping.

Her eco credentials do not mean a sacrifice on comfort as Aegir 2.0 has plenty of luxury features including a swimming pool, beach club space and spacious rooms. A minimalist Scandinavian style interior pairs a subtle color palette with natural materials, complemented by large windows that fill all spaces with light.

tillbergdesign.com

Lürssen’s fuel cell yacht

There is little public information available about an exciting new project from German yard Lürssen Yachts, but it certainly warrants a place in this list for the feat of being the yard’s first yacht with fuel cell technology. Now in build, the yacht has been commissioned by a forward thinking and technology driven owner. This project is huge news as it represents a big step towards an emission free Lürssen superyacht. Flanking the traditional generators, the fuel cell will offer many benefits including the ability to anchor for 15 days or cruise 1,000 miles at slow speed with no emissions.

Complementing this new build project, the yard has set up an Innovation Laboratory that will “simulate and test the integration and operation of a Marine Hybrid Fuel Cell System on board a yacht powered by methanol.” Lürssen is certainly looking to the future and has ambitious goals to lead the field in the construction of emission free yachts.

Ellie Brade

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A Green Revolution With Sunreef Eco-Friendly Luxury Catamarans

By Rob Bowman | Posted On Sep 30, 2020 Updated On Mar 23, 2022

It's often been said that boaters are stewards of the environment, having grown to appreciate the ocean and its inhabitants. One does not need to look very far to see shining examples of marine conservation efforts by companies that build, sell, service, or otherwise make their living from boats. As engine manufacturers improve technology to build more efficient engines and boat builders look for ways to leave less of a carbon footprint, the changes to making boating 'greener' is happening bit by bit, with each new model year.

As the environment has become an increasingly important topic in our society, one yacht builder has taken a dramatic leap forward in terms of how their boats are built, equipped, and powered. Sunreef Yachts has now created eco-friendly, sustainable cruising solutions in both sailing and power catamaran formats.

What does it mean to be an eco-friendly catamaran? As an option, owners may wish for:

• Eco-friendly propulsion and green energy
• The use of sustainable materials throughout the yacht
• Energy efficient climate-control
• Non-toxic materials in the hull and bottom paint
• No CO2 Emissions
• Never sacrifice luxury, comfort, space, or performance

Sunreef is offering their eco-friendly models as sailing catamarans from 50' to 80' and as power catamarans from 60' to 100'. United Yacht Sales is thrilled to represent such an innovative and industry-changing yacht brand that continues to be a leader in luxury and performance cruising. If you have any interest in finding out more about Sunreef's incredible eco-friendly luxury catamarans, we invite you to contact United's Jorge Cabre' at (305) 773-2095 or by email at [email protected] . 

Green Propulsion

The benefit of "Going Green" when it comes to the propulsion of your Sunreef Yacht goes beyond your own conscience, but also extends to the enjoyment of the experience. Boating with electric engines means no noise, no vibration, and no fumes. Completely silent and enjoyable cruising. Thanks to Sunreef's innovative solutions, running your vessel has never been more environmentally safe. Electric engines are also easier for service and allow you to save thousands on fuel costs.

Owners also have the option to choose hybrid engines which combine thermal combustion with electric motoring. There are massive benefits in Co2 emissions compared to traditional thermal engines and the hybrid propulsion also helps to recharge the yacht's battery bank.

Seen below: A Sunreef eco-friendly catamaran has many features that go into reducing emissions and creating a fully 'green' yacht.

In order to power the electric engines, Sunreef sought to maximize the various ways energy could be collected on a yacht. The obvious choice was to harness the energy of the sun which is abundant on the ocean. The shipyard is widely known for its innovative techniques and designs so it's no surprise that they chose to manufacture their own state-of-the-art solar panels. Flexible, ultra-strong, and incredibly light, the solar panels installed on Sunreef's eco-friendly yachts are advanced and powerful. They can be curved to fit flush with the lines of the yacht and maintenance is easily completed.

The solar panels send the energy collected to a battery bank of high-tech lithium batteries that are lighter and outperform traditional marine batteries.

Solar energy wasn't the only option to charge Sunreef's battery bank. Sunreef's luxury catamarans can be equipped with advanced electric propulsion that allow for hydro generation of power. As the propeller rotates while the yacht is cruising by sail, energy can be collected and delivered to the battery bank and assist with running the electronics on board. Hydro generation has been found to be highly efficient and beneficial, as they can recover power from two engines.

The power of the wind can also be harnessed with Sunreef's wind turbine system. If nighttime or cloudy weather is a problem with collecting solar energy, the wind turbines can continue to charge the battery bank while at cruise or at a dock.

Powering and propelling your Sunreef Catamaran isn't the only eco-friendly feature the builder has incorporated. The construction of the yacht is also changing the idea of what materials can be used to build a strong, seaworthy vessel without abandoning their commitment to the earth. Today's monohull and catamaran yachts are generally constructed of a 100% fiberglass or a resin-infused wood core hull. Sunreef's eco catamarans can be built using basalt, a dense rock derived from volcanoes. The Basalt fiber is not only safer for the environment, but is also said to be stronger than glass fiber and outperforms it.

The interior of your yacht can also be a notable topic of conversation when entertaining like-minded guests. Sunreef offers owners the option for sustainable yacht decor without compromising your luxurious interiors. From using alternatives to leather, to sourcing salvaged hardwoods for flooring, your yacht can be completely "Green" both inside and out. Even countertops can be made with compressed paper-based materials for an incredible look while also greatly reducing weight.

Seen below: The salon doors on the Sunreef 80 Sailing Catamaran open to merge the aft cockpit seating area with the magnificent interior.

Optimization of the performance, weight, consumption, and energy management on board was a serious task for Sunreef. So that the electric motors could perform at the absolute least amount of energy, the hull of each Sunreef catamaran had to be optimized for drag and efficiency. Using computer simulations and a very slick, sustainable bottom paint, the catamarans are able to perform well in a variety of sea conditions. The weight of the catamaran was also crucial to achieving their goals of efficiency and performance, so carbon fiber can be used throughout the construction process.

In order to achieve a perfect balance of energy use, Sunreef has carefully insulated the interior spaces to maintain temperatures. And the insulation? It's sustainable too. Even the air-conditioning system is incredibly high-tech, is battery-powered, and is completely silent. The ultra-efficient lithium battery packs maintain the appropriate level of energy consumption while continually re-charging through the variety of methods Sunreef has offered. Less energy, greater performance, better efficiency, and all sustainable materials combine to make Sunreef the most eco-friendly yachts on the planet.

Seen below: The Sunreef 50 offers silent, unlimited cruising with all of the comforts from home.

Sunreef welcomes you to the "Green Side Of Yachting" with perhaps the most forward-thinking effort yet to build eco-friendly yachts that also meet the requirements of discerning yacht owners. From highly-efficient water purification systems and rain collection for deck washing, to recyclable sails and kites used in the sailing catamaran models, Sunreef has truly made every conceivable effort to reduce their carbon footprint of every yacht. United Yacht Sales invites you to join our 'Green Revolution' by exploring these advanced solutions for sustainable and eco-friendly cruising. What better time than now to begin your 'green' boating journey?

Seen below: The Sunreef 60 Power has an incredible flybridge seating area that takes advantage of the space its 35' beam provides.

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Setting Sail: Clean and Green Electric Yachts

Anybody who loves the water and the boating lifestyle undoubtedly wants to do all they can to protect it. Those in the boating industry are often the biggest advocates for conservation initiatives and new ways of going green. In recent years, boat manufacturers have gotten on board with the clean and green movement of other industries. Many are now producing more environmentally-friendly engines, parts and accessories for electric motor yachts in an effort to protect the environment and the world’s waterways.

Electric Yachts

How are boat manufacturers going green? • Manufacturers have developed marine exhaust mufflers that remove hydrocarbons from the exhaust system. • Boat building shops have been implemented with waste water collection systems that pump to locations where the water is treated naturally before it’s discharged. • Companies have developed environmentally-friendly cleaning products such as non-toxic and biodegradable boat soap as well as heavy-duty cleansers that can remove dirt and debris off of boat hulls without the use of bleach. • New technology treats, stores and contains waste in a more effective manner to protect the water and environment from the damage of marine sewage and waste water. • Resin infusion technology reduces construction emissions over hand-laying methods. This technique produces a lighter hull , which is paramount for fuel efficiency . • Solar or wind-generated power can be used for battery charging. • A hybrid outboard motor with a dual drive consisting of an electric motor and gasoline engine, instead of the traditional single power source, is meant to reduce hydrocarbon pollutants in outboard engines.

Green boats and electric yachts • The Arcadia solar powered super yacht is a sleek and luxurious mega-vessel that uses solar panels to power the lighting, refrigeration and air conditioning. It also uses organic fuel. • Greenline manufactures boats that have hybrid electrical diesel propulsion. Ranging in size from 33 to 70 feet, these hybrid boats have super displacement hulls that are rounded. The shafts are at an angle of less than one degree. This combination makes them very high in efficiency. • Island Pilot has built a hybrid solar and diesel-powered catamaran. It uses a lithium battery that can get 2,000 to 5,000 cycles. It is cheaper than an Odyssey AGM battery.

How boaters can help to reduce engine emissions • Keep the boat engine in good condition and well-maintained. • Follow the service schedules recommended by the manufacturer. • Install electric engine and fuel monitoring equipment. • Make sure the engine horsepower matches the size of the boat.

Image:    Charterworld  –  44m Diesel Electric Yacht Concept by Fifth Ocean Yachts and Studio Starkel 

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New technology for greener yachting

Every boat show sees new motor yachts coming on to the market claiming to have green credentials. The variety of designs being promoted highlights the many different ways that there are to go green and there are a lot of alternative technologies on offer that point the way to greener yachting.

As with many new technologies there are claims and counterclaims and for many owners it is a confusing picture. Here we look at these technologies and analyse just where the green market is heading and what it is trying to achieve.

First of all, it is important to decide just what we are trying to achieve when we want to go green.

There can be no doubt that trying to reduce the amount of harmful emissions that come out of engine exhausts is a worthy aim. This has led to two different approaches to the green challenge: reducing the amount of fuel that is burnt by the engines, and reducing the amount of harmful gases that come out of the exhaust itself. To counteract emissions such as particulates and nitrous and sulphur oxides there is a need to clean up the exhaust from the engine with both filters and scrubbing devices, such as a Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system.

While emissions are being tackled by the engine manufacturers, the general reduction of CO2 and other emissions is also in the hands of the yacht designer.

Hybrid systems

Much of the focus of so-called green yachts is on hybrid system. In most hybrid systems there is a combined generator and electric motor included in the drive train between the engine and the propeller. This can generate electric power when the diesel engine is running and this power is fed to a large bank of batteries that stores the electric power until needed. The batteries supply electric power back to that generator/motor when it is needed for propulsion so that the diesel engine can be switched off and you have wonderful silent propulsion with no emissions.

However, although the propulsion is emission free, the diesel engine used to generate the power creates emissions. In fact by using a hybrid system you are actually producing more emissions than you would if a straight diesel drive was used. This is because every time you use diesel fuel to generate electricity for the batteries and feed it from there to an electric motor there are considerable losses, perhaps around 10 per cent with every step. That can amount to around 40 per cent of efficiency loss by the time the power gets to the propeller.

A false economy

Engine manufacturer MTU is developing a hybrid propulsion system based on its experience with train propulsion. It is working with Sunseeker to develop a hybrid motor yacht and it claims it may be able to make fuel savings of 5 to 10 per cent. The MTU system uses a motor/generator coupled directly to the engine but with a clutch. The savings are created when one engine provides power to the two electric motors, so it is only possible at slower speeds.

Against this saving, the extra weight of the battery bank required for the system and the efficiency losses incurred when diesel power is translated into electrical power have to be taken into consideration.

Of course, the yacht salesman will tell you that you can enter harbour with no emissions if you use electric propulsion, but emissions have to be produced somewhere, and they are just as harmful out at sea. You might think you are doing your bit by charging the batteries up from shore power but again that electrical power has to be generated somewhere. So think carefully about using hybrid systems if you want a clean, green conscience.

Sure, you will get quiet propulsion when you want some peace, and electric power can make harbour manoeuvring a more precise operation – but never forget that no matter what power base you are using, you will still be generating emissions somewhere along the line.

With a hybrid system adding perhaps around 10 per cent or more to the overall cost of the yacht you are paying a lot and achieving very little in terms of emissions reduction.

With this in mind, it is time to look at the factors that affect fuel consumption to give perhaps a more positive way of reducing emissions.

Speed and hull design

The faster you go, the more fuel you will burn and the higher your emissions. So one of the easiest ways to reduce emissions is to reduce speed.

There is a whole new genre of motor yacht coming to the market with models that are designed to operate at slower speeds. The maximum speeds might be in the region of 20 knots and they are designed to be fuel efficient at 10 to 12 knots. These yachts are based mainly on semi-displacement hulls that can be efficient at lower speeds but if you put the power on, the fuel consumption increases rapidly.

For example, the 26.22m Custom Line Navetta 26 we tested in February 2011 would burn 450 litres per hour at 16 knots, but ease back to 10 knots and the consumption drops to a mere 80 litres per hour. The Navetta is a heavy yacht but a lighter yacht such as the Vicem 78 burns 240 litres per hour at 16 knots dropping to 100 litres per hour at 10 knots.

The important thing if you want to go green is to choose a hull form designed to operate efficiently at the sort of speed that you want to cruise at.

A full displacement hull will cruise at a very miserly consumption if you aim to cruise at 8 knots and the speed will top out at probably around 12 knots using double the fuel.

If you feel the need to go faster on occasions – perhaps to catch a tide or to get into harbour before dark – then a semi-displacement hull could be your choice. This should give you speeds up to 20 knots plus.

Then there are planing hulls based on a moderate or deep V – you get top speeds of 30 knots or more but they are unlikely to be economical at lower speeds because the hull is not optimised for these.

Weight is a determining factor for speed and hybrid yachts will suffer increased fuel consumption because of the extra weight of the batteries. One semi-displacement yacht I tested recently also had more than six tonnes of marble on board – quite a penalty when you want to go faster.

The demand for economical solutions is leading designers and builders to consider some novel hull forms. Mochi started the trend with its 23m Long Range design (a combination of trimaran/catamaran hulls) and Azimut’s Magellano range has a rounded V hull with wide chines.

Bray Yacht Design and Research in Canada has spent years refining and tank testing displacement hull designs to improve efficiency. Its concepts focus on the bulbous bows, side pods and stern skegs and it claims improvements of 15 per cent or more over conventional designs.

Hull materials also need to be considered. Composite hulls are not eco-friendly and are largely non-recyclable so there is a new focus on using composites made from vegetable materials.

Azimut is exploring this possibility and it is also focusing on reducing power demands on board by using anti-UV glass and LED lighting.

Conclusions

Ignoring for a moment the complications and technical resources needed to build a green custom superyacht, going green is not easy and it is not cheap even at the production boat level.

To a certain extent yachts may forced to go green in the future because the next generation of clean diesel engines will be required by law.

Most of the green options can only realistically be fitted to new yachts; owners of existing yachts will have to operate their yachts at a slower speed to reduce their carbon footprint. Reduce the speed and the fuel consumption drops along with all types of emissions, so it comes as no surprise that about 50 per cent of the new production yachts coming on to the market in the larger sizes are based on slower displacement or semi-displacement hulls with modest engine power.

Hybrid systems may be less efficient than a straight diesel drive but can offer a greener image simply because the yacht is going slower.

Perhaps that is the key. Slow speeds are a way for all owners to do their bit to save the planet and when you think about it, that is exactly what yachting should be about – living life at a slower pace.

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Modern sailing trends: green yachts.

July 30, 2020

Passion for sailing, love of the ocean, and caring for the environment seem to go hand-in-hand, and many modern sailors are on the lookout for ways to reduce the impact that boating has on our environment while enhancing the sailing experience. And with electric automobiles now commonplace, you've probably guessed that the boating industry isn't far behind. 

As Sail Magazine wrote in 2018, it is not a question of if sailboats go electric, but when. For the benefit of our oceans and for boaters who want a quiet, no fumes, low-maintenance boating experience, Green Yachts, a nationwide brokerage specializing in green boating, believes the time is now. Over the last five years, advancements in marine electric propulsion technology have culminated in lower voltage, higher range, longer-lasting electric motors that can not only keep up with diesel engines, but also offer some distinct advantages: 

• Low Maintenance - no oil, belt, or impeller changes and longer lifespan.
• Improved Safety - no oil or fuel fires or spills.
• Silent Operation - auxilary propulsion almost as pleasant as sailing!
• No Diesel Fumes or Odor.

Are you an eco-minded sailor considering boat ownership, but leery of the effort and expense to maintain? We should talk! We currently have a vacancy in our Platinum Fleet and a 3-cabin version of the sensational Salona 41  with the Oceanvolt 10kW Electric Servoprop motor is at the very top of our wishlist. It doesn't get more modern than this!  

MSC provides our members with a wide selection of modern yachts to enjoy sailing SF Bay in comfort and luxury, and nearly two-thirds of our fleet are owned by third parties. Place your eco-yacht in the Modern Sailing School & Club charter fleet and:

• Sail at your pleasure with advance reservation.
• Your share of the charter revenue helps offset the costs of ownership.
• MSC will manage the finer details of your yacht's care and berthing.

An electric motor is a huge advantage to boat owners and charter companies because it requires less maintenance and therefore offers more uptime in a charter fleet. Oceanvolt's white paper highlighting the profitability of an electric versus diesel-powered boat in charter supports this claim with actual data. Also, Green Yachts' 3-year guarantee offers reimbursement for lost revenue should the S41 ever become unavailable for charter due to Oceanvolt electric propulsion issues (unrelated to damage caused by accidents or operator error).

Interested in eco-yachts such as the Salona 41? Graham Balch, Managing Broker of Green Yachts in San Rafael can introduce you to the world of electric boating. As the nationwide brokerage leading the world in new and used electric sailboat and powerboat sales, Green Yachts also sells electric motors, custom solar arrays, eco-friendly bottom paint, and other green boating products.

Graham Balch, Managing Broker (415) 755-5858 [email protected] https://greenyachtsales.com/about-green-yachts  

Article by Mary Elkins on August 27, 2020

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I started sailing at Modern at the end of 2021 and threw myself into it, spending as much time out on the water as I could. I came to Modern with some flat water dinghy sailing experience and it was quite a transition learning to sail bigger boats in much tougher conditions. There was a lot to learn, but the Modern instructors, Club Skippers and fellow Modern sailors made learning fun and rewarding. My Modern instructors were clearly very experienced sailors and sailing with them was inspiring! I want to thank the maintenance crew and office staff for their dedication and hard work - you are the folks who make things work! There is a lot more to learn and I look forward to sailing with Modern for years to come.

I love sailing in the San Francisco Bay and greatly appreciate everything that MSC has to offer, the classes, clinics, club sails, racing and charters. I enjoy our supportive sailing community and use every opportunity to spend time on the water. After obtaining the certifications from MSC I did my first charter in Croatia in 2022 with my family. It was amazing and we’re looking forward to returning soon!

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Yachts are boosting their sustainability credentials, limiting their carbon footprint through alternative propulsion, green construction and life cycle management.

The coming sustainability wave is sweeping the luxury boating sector forward, with commercial yacht owners exploring green shipbuilding and operating practices. Yachts start in a strong position, already traveling shorter distances and burning cleaner fuel than trading vessels or passenger ships. Still, there is room for improvement, and yacht owners are looking into both alternative propulsion and green construction solutions. These changes offer multiple advantages, limiting a ship’s carbon footprint and minimizing its emissions, while improving the onboard experience.

Rethinking propulsion and energy sources

Hybrid-electric solutions are a favored solution for improving yacht sustainability. Not only does running on electric power significantly reduce underwater emissions, it eliminates noise from generators, ensuring a quieter ride. This is a major advantage for both onboard passengers and marine life, which can be harmed and disoriented by underwater radiated noise from engines. Hybrid-electric power also improves ship maneuverability, limiting the time and emissions expended when coming into harbors and ports. Other low carbon technologies that have already been integrated onboard yachts include kite sails and solar panels. Kite sails enable yachts to travel using wind power, a carbon-free energy source. This technology can be complemented by a low resistance hull to improve energy efficiency, and supplemented by green propulsion for non-sailing days. Solar panels offer similar advantages when mixed with electric propulsion, providing a yachting experience with limited noise, emissions and maintenance.

Starting green, staying green

Shipyards can also make a big impact on yachts’ green credentials by building ships with organically produced and recycled materials , and through sustainable construction processes. By sourcing wood from sustainably certified forests, and using recycled materials such as aluminum, steel and natural composites, ships can minimize waste and carbon output. Using clean energy onsite to power construction tools can further ensure a green beginning to the yacht life cycle. At the other end of the asset life cycle, yacht owners need to find sustainable ways of dismantling out-of-service vessels. In compliance with the EU Ship Recycling Regulation , yachts over 500 GT, like other vessels, must have an inventory of hazardous materials (IHM) onboard and a ship recycling plan (SRP) established. For yacht owners and shipyards, this means ensuring ships are dismantled in line with regulations and hazardous materials are safely disposed of without damaging the environment.

The future of sustainable yachts

Societal attitudes toward sustainability are evolving rapidly, and yacht charterers expect the best of both worlds: luxury, comfort and green credentials. Meanwhile, the number of emission control areas (ECA) and environmental regulations is increasing, and port requirements for limited emissions are becoming more stringent. All indicators point to a more sustainable future for commercial yachts, and owners have already taken promising first steps towards developing eco-friendly ships. Better still, the path ahead is wide open: yacht owners have numerous options for energy and propulsion, easy access to sustainable materials, and few technical restrictions. With the right expertise from shipyards, green solutions providers, classification societies and more, the luxury yacht business can sail unabated into a cleaner future.

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Ultimate Guide To Marine Navigation Lighting

If you drive a car or even ride a bicycle, you might be well aware of the necessity of lighting systems (though in the second case the word ‘system’ doesn’t quite apply) for the safety of you and the people around you. The thing applies just as well for ships. But since they are much larger than a car, the lighting system or navigation lights on ships is a little bit more complicated as well. Marine navigation lighting is also one of the most critical aspects of nautical studies.

It is mandatory for boats of all sizes to have a navigation system . This is to make sure that the chances of any significant accident are minimized. The United States introduced the system in 1838, and the United Kingdom followed suit. Before being internationally adopted in 1897 suitable guidelines were established by the International Maritime Conference which was established in 1889. Three colors were chosen that were to be used for the light colors. They were red, green and white.  This was based on a set of rules specified by the US and are followed around the world to this date.

This article discusses the different rules and regulations of using navigation lights, their importance, and also some basic marine navigation lighting systems along with their positions and ranges.

Marine Navigational Lights, Rules and Regulations

A standard pattern of marine navigation lighting is followed for the identification of both the vessel as well as the IALA buoyage system at night. If you are required to move from sea to a channel you need to have a list of all the IALA as well as the other fixed navigational lights that are visible on entering the channel. This includes distant lighthouses as well.

If you also make a note of the inland features like the radio and television transmitter masts it will benefit you because they act as good navigational aids due to their height and warning lights.

The helmsman should not be using any bright light source in the cockpit area and should rather take the aid of red lights and very dim white lights in the galley and navigation area. This is because he needs to preserve his night vision so that he can accurately interpret both the buoyage marine navigation lights as well as the boat navigation lights of other vessels.

The nautical almanacs contain the details of each and every visible maritime light signal coming from navigational markers that are both inside and outside the channel.

All the details about any particular light can be found in a published list or on a marine navigational lights chart: its color, period, and in some cases even the elevation and range of the beacon. Use the chart to keep a tag on the lights you are passing by putting a tick mark on the lights that you are about to pass and as the boat sails past, the tick is checked.

You will get two visual clues to figure out how far you are away from a buoy. The light will elevate from the horizon at 0.5 nm and at about 200m, the light will reflect on the surface.

Position of Boat Navigation Lights

Most of the variations that can be found in the different vessels can be read about in most almanacs. At the very basic level, a vessel needs to show a red light to port and green light to starboard. Depending on the size of the vessel, one or more colored or white lights are used as well.

For vessels that are 12 ft in length or shorter, the navigation lights must be visible from a range of one nautical mile and for the ones that are longer than 12 meters the required visibility range is 2 nautical miles.  From 5 degrees above to 5 degrees below the horizontal happens to be the required minimum intensity in a vertical sector.

International Navigation Rules state that the boat navigation lights should be placed above the uppermost continuous deck. In case separate fixtures are used for the red and green sidelights, the masthead or all-round white light is placed as close as possible to the vessel’s fore and aft centerline. The masthead or all-around light needs to be positioned at least 1 m or 3.3 ft above the sidelights.

Following are the basic positions of navigational lights. We will discuss the same in greater detail ahead.

Also read: What Is A Marine Sextant?

Boat Navigation Light Regulations

Several rules and specifications are related to the type, size, layout, arc, and distance of visibility of boat navigation lights used by all vessel types which are collectively known as the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea or COLREGs . The navigational lights used are known as ‘COLREG lights and shapes. A boat might be anchored or underway, under sail or power, or fishing or trawling. These various situations can be communicated through multiple combinations of boat navigational lights.

In addition to the primary navigation lights, vessels may also display one or more steaming lights. These lights are very useful for it gives details about the various aspects of the ship like whether it is in the sail or under power, the direction in which it is going and, in some cases, even the size of the vessel. If a ship is engaged in a specific task that might involve certain restrictions, that too can be indicated with some extra boat lights.

Always maintain the lighting system and display the correct navigation light combination to make other vessels in the vicinity aware of your course and state as to whether your vessel is under power or not. If you follow this a considerable amount lowers the chances of a collision. Here is a list that you might use to familiarise yourself with the basics of the lighting system.

• Basic Navigation Light White Light : Small dinghies that are 7m or less in size are required to carry a torch having a white light that can be flashed when needed.
• All-Round White Light: An all-round white light is expected to be displayed by a small boat, up to 7ft long that is under power and can go beyond 7 knots of speed. This light must be visible at an angle of 360 degrees and from two miles away. An all-around white light is also used when the boat or vessel is at anchor but not at a designated anchoring area. This is to make sure that the ship is visible to all the nearby ships to avoid any accidents.
• Stern and Combined Side Lights : A stern light is a white light that is installed at the end of a boat.  A vessel that is over 7 m or 23 ft in length is expected to show red and green sidelights when sailing. Each of these lights needs to cover an arc of 112.5°. The sidelights may be combined in one lantern at the bow when below 25 m or 65 ft. The white stern light can be seen over an arc of 135°. These lights need to be visible from a distance of a mile and need to be placed 39 inches below all white lights for boats of lengths equal to or less than 12 ft.
• Masthead Light : A combination of sidelight and stern light in a tricolor combination may be used sailing yachts of heights 20 m or lower.  A masthead light is required by vessels of lengths between 39.4 ft and 65.6 ft. It is placed in the masthead whose height provides excellent visibility. Still, stern lights and sidelights should be fitted separately in case of or use under power along with steaming light. This kind of light needs to be visible across an angle of 225 degrees and from a minimum distance of 2 miles.
• Separate Lights : The displaying of the tricolor masthead light is not allowed in the case of yachts that are longer than 20 m or 65 ft. Instead, they use them separately. Often on large sailing vessels, these all-around, red over green lights are present. These red and green sidelights need to be visible from a distance of one mile and across an angle of 112.5 degrees.
• Steaming Lights Combined Lights : A combination of the masthead and stern light are used in the case of power crafts that are less than 20 m or 65 ft in length. The arrangement is present at the bow.
• Single Steaming Light : Visible over a 225 degrees arc, a masthead steaming light is used by power-driven vessels that are up to 50 m or 160 ft long. Separate stern lights and sidelights are used in case of a length exceeding 20 m or 65 ft.
• Two Steaming Lights: Power-driven vessels that span over 50 m or 160 ft in length display two masthead steaming lights. The forward light placed lower than the aft light with both of them being visible over an arc of 225° with the sidelights and separate stern light.

The area of the nautical lighting system is a precise business and requires some amount of study and a good deal of responsibility. It is because its application forms a core element in safe marine navigation.

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WaterCraft 101

Your guide to fun on the water!

What Do Red and Green Lights on a Boat Mean? Tips for Safe Boating at Night

As someone who’s spent countless nights navigating the mystic dance of lights shimmering on the water, I can tell you there’s nothing quite like it. The thrill, the responsibility, the harmony of motion in the stillness of the night, it’s an exhilarating and humbling experience. Yet, for those unfamiliar with the nautical world, the twinkling red and green lights on boats might seem like some cryptic maritime language. And guess what? It is.

In maritime navigation, red and green lights are crucial. The green light is shown on the starboard (right) side, and the red light is on the boat’s port (left) side. These lights indicate what direction a boat is moving when viewed from another vessel, ensuring safe navigation at night.

Years back, I was equally perplexed when I first took the helm under the starlit sky. Those red and green glows, winking at me from the distance, raised an important question – what do they mean? It’s a riddle that every nocturnal mariner must solve to ensure safe passage and understand the invisible threads connecting every vessel in the vast expanse.

So, let’s embark on this journey together, navigating the nuances of red and green lights on a boat, unpacking the hidden meanings, and learning how to sail safely through the darkness. Buckle up, my friends, because it will be an enlightening ride.

Table of Contents

Setting the Stage: The Importance of Navigation Lights

Venturing into the open water at night can be a magical experience , with the stars above, the gentle sway of the boat, and the soothing sound of the waves. However, it can also be quite dangerous if proper precautions aren’t taken. 

This is where navigation lights come into play. They are an essential communication tool for boaters, enabling them to convey critical information about their boat’s position, direction, and intentions to other vessels sharing the water.

The primary purpose of navigation lights is to prevent collisions, ensuring the safety of everyone on board. These lights are specifically designed to be visible from a distance, even in the darkest of nights, to make the boat’s presence known to others in the vicinity. 

Moreover, the various colors and arrangements of these lights help determine the size, type, and orientation of other vessels, making it easier for skippers to make informed decisions while maneuvering their boats.

It’s not just about safety; adhering to navigation light regulations is a legal requirement. The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) mandate the use of specific navigation lights and their configurations for different types of vessels.

Decoding the Colors: What Do Red and Green Lights Mean on a Boat?

Navigating the waterways at night is not just about identifying the lights; it’s also about understanding their meanings. The red and green lights are key players in this nighttime nautical language. These lights are integral to a boat’s navigation system and are strategically positioned to indicate the vessel’s direction of travel to other boaters.

• Green Light: The green light is positioned on the starboard side – that’s the right side of the boat when you’re facing forward. When you see a green light, it means another vessel is passing from left to right.
• Red Light: On the other hand, the red light is situated on the port and left sides when facing forward. If you see a red light, it means a vessel is moving from right to left.

It’s important to note that these lights are visible from the front and sides of the boat but not from the rear. This allows other boaters to understand the direction the boat is heading. These color-coded lights guide sailors in making the right decisions, especially when multiple boats are nearby, ensuring the safety of all on the water.

In-Depth: Understanding Port and Starboard Lights

For those new to the maritime world, “port” and “starboard” might sound like arcane nautical jargon. But in reality, they’re just simple designations for a boat’s left and right sides, respectively. Understanding these terms is crucial when interpreting the meanings of a boat’s red and green lights, as they are intrinsically tied to these designations.

As we step deeper into the realm of maritime navigation, it’s essential to fully comprehend the role of these port and starboard lights:

• Starboard Light (Green): If you’re standing at the rear of the boat looking forward, the starboard side is on your right. The starboard light is green and should be visible from any point on the water from directly ahead of the boat to 112.5 degrees to the starboard side. When you see a green light on another boat, the other boat is at an angle, crossing from your left to right or overtaking you on your starboard side.
• Port Light (Red): Conversely, the port side is on your left if you’re looking forward at the rear of the boat. The port light is red and should be visible from directly ahead of the boat to 112.5 degrees to the port side. If you see a red light, the other boat crosses from your right to left or overtakes you on your port side.

The importance of these lights cannot be overstated. They act as the eyes of your vessel in the dark, communicating your boat’s orientation and direction to other vessels. Just like knowing your left from your right, understanding the port and starboard lights is a fundamental skill every sailor must master for safe and enjoyable night-time boating.

Beyond Red and Green: Other Essential Nautical Lights

While the red and green lights are instrumental in nautical navigation, they aren’t the only lights on the boat. Other lights also play crucial roles in safe navigation, providing further details about the boat’s size, type, and activity. Here’s an overview of other key lights you’ll encounter on the water:

• White Stern Light: This light is situated at the rear (stern) of the vessel, essentially acting as a beacon for any boats coming up from behind. Its light extends over an arc of 135 degrees, which ensures it’s visible from any point behind the boat. The stern light’s function is to show the vessel’s course and speed to others, helping them to decide if they need to alter their course or speed to avoid a collision.
• White Masthead Light: Positioned on the forward part of the vessel, this light is visible over a greater arc of 225 degrees. Its primary purpose is to indicate the boat’s direction of movement, which is especially important for power-driven vessels. Visible from the front and sides, the masthead light helps other vessels determine whether they risk colliding with the boat and need to adjust their course or speed.
• All-Round White Light: Smaller boats, typically less than 12 meters long, often use a single all-around white light that can be seen from all directions. This light combines the function of both the masthead and stern light. It indicates the boat’s presence and direction to all other vessels, regardless of their position relative to the boat.
• Towing Lights: If a vessel tows another boat or object, it must display additional yellow lights to alert other vessels of the tow. This helps other boaters know they must navigate with extra caution and maintain a safe distance to avoid entangling their vessel in the tow line.
• Anchor Lights: When a boat is anchored and not moving, it must display an all-around white light. This light must be visible from all directions, informing other vessels that the boat is stationary. This is particularly important to prevent other boats from accidentally colliding with the anchored boat, especially in crowded or busy anchorages.
• Special Flashing Lights: Some vessels, like police boats, pilot boats, or fishing boats, have special activities that require additional communication with other vessels. These boats may display unique lights or light sequences, often flashing, to indicate their status or activities. For instance, a fishing boat might use flashing lights to signal that it’s actively trawling, warning other vessels to keep clear of its nets.

Tips for Identifying Boat Lights at Night

Recognizing different boat lights at night is a critical skill for any sailor. Here are some tips to help you quickly and accurately identify boat lights:

• Understand the Basics: Familiarize yourself with the basic nautical lights: red (port), green (starboard), white (stern, masthead, all-round), and yellow (towing). Know where each light is located on the boat and what it signifies.
• Pay Attention to the Direction: The position and direction of the lights can give you a lot of information about the boat’s movement. For instance, seeing only a white light means the boat is moving away from you, while a combination of red and white or green and white suggests the boat is moving across your path.
• Recognize the Light Patterns: Different types of vessels have different light patterns. For instance, a sailing vessel under power will show sidelights and stern lights, while a vessel under tow will display special yellow lights.
• Use Binoculars: Carrying a pair of binoculars can be extremely helpful. They can allow you to see the lights more clearly and distinguish between different light colors and patterns from a distance.
• Practice: Just like any other skill, practice makes perfect. Spend time on the water at night, observing and identifying different boat lights. Over time, you’ll intuitively understand what different lights mean.
• Learn from Others: Join a local sailing club or take a nighttime navigation course. Learning from experienced sailors can provide invaluable insights and practical knowledge.
• Use Reference Materials: Many guides and charts illustrate different vessel light configurations. Having these as a reference can be very useful, especially when starting.

By honing your skills in identifying boat lights, you’ll be able to navigate with greater confidence and safety, no matter how dark the night.

The Rules of the Sea: Regulatory Guidelines for Boat Lighting

Navigating the waters safely is not just a matter of skill and experience but also of understanding and adhering to the established rules and regulations. The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) provide specific guidelines on boat lighting, which all sailors should know and follow. Here are some of the fundamental rules:

• Lighting Based on Vessel Type and Size: Different types of vessels and their sizes dictates the specific lighting configurations that should be used. For instance, power-driven vessels have different requirements than sailing vessels or fishing boats.
• Visibility Range: COLREGs stipulate the minimum visibility range for different lights based on the size of the vessel. For example, for vessels of 12 meters or more in length, the port and starboard lights should be visible for at least 2 miles, the stern light for at least 2 miles, and the masthead light for at least 3 miles .
• Lighting When Anchored: When a vessel is at anchor, it must display an all-around white light where it can best be seen. The light should be visible from all directions and for a certain distance, depending on the size of the vessel.
• Special Circumstances: Certain circumstances, such as being engaged in towing or fishing operations, require different lighting configurations. It’s essential to know the specific rules applicable to these situations.
• Duty to Display Lights: From sunset to sunrise, and during restricted visibility, such as fog or heavy rain, all vessels must display the appropriate navigation lights.
• Lights Not to be Exhibited: Vessels are prohibited from displaying any lights that could be mistaken for the required navigation lights or impair their visibility or distinctive character.

Failure to comply with these lighting regulations can lead to serious consequences, including increased risk of collisions and potential legal ramifications. Every boater is responsible for understanding and adhering to these rules for their safety and for all who share the waters.

Safety First: Boating at Night with Confidence

Sailing under the starlit sky can be an enthralling experience, but it also brings unique challenges that require additional skills and precautions. With the right knowledge and preparation, you can confidently navigate the waters at night. Here are some tips to ensure a safe and enjoyable nighttime boating experience:

• Know Your Lights: A thorough understanding of the navigation lights system is essential. This includes recognizing the meaning of different colors and combinations and knowing the lighting configurations required for your vessel.
• Keep Your Lights in Good Condition: Regularly check all your lights for functionality. Ensure they are clean, the bulbs are in good shape, and the power supply is reliable. Carry spare bulbs in case you need to replace them.
• Slow Down: Visibility is reduced at night, making spotting obstacles or other vessels harder. Slowing down gives you more time to react to any unforeseen situations.
• Use Your Other Senses: While your vision may be limited, other senses can be heightened. Listen carefully to the sounds around you – the noise of engines, waves, or even buoys can provide valuable information.
• Avoid Light Pollution: Keep the use of onboard lights to a minimum, as they can hinder your night vision. Use red lights on your boat when possible, as they are less likely to impair night vision.
• Use Proper Equipment: Tools like radar, GPS, and AIS (Automatic Identification System) can be invaluable for nighttime navigation. Familiarize yourself with these tools before setting sail.
• Plan Your Route: Before setting out, study your intended route thoroughly. Be aware of the locations of buoys, landmarks, and potential hazards.
• Stay Alert: Fatigue can be a real danger when sailing at night. Ensure you’re well-rested before setting out, and consider having an extra person to share the helm duties.

Boating at night doesn’t have to be intimidating. With the right knowledge, skills, and attitude, you can embrace the tranquillity of the night sea while ensuring the safety of everyone aboard.

Bryan is a Las Vegas resident who loves spending his free time out on the water. Boating on Lake Mohave or Lake Havasu is his favorite way to unwind and escape the hustle and bustle of the city. More about Bryan.

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Boat Lighting – Complete Guide to Navigation Lights

I was sitting in the garage the other day admiring my boat when I noticed the green navigation light on the side of the hull, and it dawned on me that I haven’t had the boat out after sunset yet. It also got me wondering about the different places I’d like to travel this summer and what it would be like to navigate in the dark if I had to.

In addition to the legally required lights, I highly recommend having a marine waterproof spotlight in your boat at all times ( this is the one I prefer, which you can buy on Amazon with tons of good reviews ). The little headlight on a boat is nowhere near bright enough to safely navigate if you get caught on the water at night. Trust me, it can save you thousands in boat repairs and a dangerous situation.

I wanted to make sure that I fully understood everything there was to know about navigation lights, so I did some online research. I’ve put together a complete guide of the information I found online talking about the different navigation lights and what I needed to know about them.

What Are Navigation Lights On a Boat?

Boats require specific lighting configuration when operating between sunset and sunrise, or at times when visibility is restricted such as when it’s raining or foggy. Navigation lights are used to help other boaters see you when visibility is reduced, and it allows you also to see the other boaters to avoid collisions.

Navigation lights are also used to communicate with the other boats sharing the water. For example, the navigation lights can tell another boater, what size your vessel is, and in which direction you are heading. This information can be used by the boat caption to determine what the appropriate course of action would be as you approach each other.

By law, the navigation lights come in specific colors; white, red, and green. Even the arc of the illuminated light, the range of visibility, and the location is all specific to what type of vessel you are operating.

Do not assume that your boat came with the appropriate lighting or equipment from the factory or showroom. It is your responsibility to make sure that your boat has the proper navigation lighting configuration before you head out on the water.

What Type Of Boats Requires Navigation Lights?

Basically, in a nutshell, all boats require navigation lights if you’ll be operating them between sunset and sunrise, or whenever visibility is reduced.

This goes for the following types of vessels:

• Motorized vessels
• Non-motorized vessels
• Sailing vessels (Operating under sails)
• Sailing vessels (Operating under motor power)
• Vessels engaged in fishing
• Vessels engaged in trawling
• Towing vessels
• Anchored vessels
• Human-powered vessels such as Rowboats (Kayaks and canoes)

What Lights Are Required On a Boat?

Boats are required to have navigation lights. Navigation lights are required whenever you are operating your vessel between sunset and sunrise, or during any other times when your visibility is restricted from elements such as fog or rain.

The type of lights required depends on the length of your vessel as well as if it’s a powered or non-powered vessel. But in general, all navigation lighting systems will consist of red and green sidelights, as well as one or more white lights. A red sidelight indicates the port side of the vessel, while a green light shows the starboard side of the vessel. The white light in most cases is called an all-around light, which means it can be seen from any angle by other boaters.

Another type of navigation light is a yellow light. A yellow light is not very common to see, but if you do happen to see one, it would mean that a  lead boat is towing another boat. 

It is your responsibility to make sure you have the proper navigation lighting. It is also recommended that you take spare bulbs with you. The USCG doesn’t care if the lights were working when you left, they only care that the lights are not working when they are required.

Lights Required For Power Vessels Underway:

A powered vessel includes all motorized boats, including sailboats that use a motor.

Vessel length: Under 12 meters (39.4 FT.) Lighting requirement:

• One all-around white light that is visible at 360 degrees, and can be seen from two miles away. The all-around white light must be mounted at least 39 inches above the side lights.
• A pair of red and green sidelights that are visible 112.5 degrees and can be seen at least one mile away.

Vessel length: 12 meters to 20 meters (39.4 FT. to 65.6 FT.)  Lighting requirement:

• A white masthead light located at the front of the boat, pointing in the direction you are traveling. This must be visible at 225 degrees and from two miles away. The masthead light must be positioned at least 8 feet above the gunnel.
• A white stern light located at the rear of the boat that is visible at 135 degrees and can be seen from 2 miles away.

Lights Required For Non-powered Vessels Underway:

A non-powered vessel includes sailing vessels and all other types of vessels that don’t have motors such as paddled, poled, or rowed.

Vessel length: Under 7 meters (23 FT.) Lighting requirement:

• You are required to display a white light that can be seen by other boats. White light could consist of a flashlight, torchlight, or lantern.
• If you can, it is recommended that you have an onboard 360-degree white light all-around set on the horizon, with a distance of at least two miles.

Vessel length: Over 7 meters (23 FT.)  – NEED 3 IMAGES Lighting requirement:

• A pair of red and green sidelights, that are visible 112.5 degrees and can be seen at least one mile away.
• Alternatively, for sailboats of that are over 7 meters in length, they can display what is called a tricolor light A tricolor light can only be used while the vessel is underway using sails alone and never while underway by power. This light should also never be used at the same time that the regular sidelights are on. Either the tricolor light or sidelights can be displayed, but never both.

Lights Required For Vessels At Anchor (Less Than 50 Meters):

This rule applies if you are anchored away from a designated area such as a marina.

Vessel length: 12 meters to 20 meters (39.4 FT. to 65.6 FT.) Lighting requirement:

• White all-around light is required to be used so you are visible to other ships that could be in the area.

Due to variances in state boating laws/regulations, NASBLA does not provide state-specific information. You may contact your state boating office for the most accurate information. Contact information can be found here: https://www.nasbla.org/about-nasbla/boating-contacts .

Understanding The Difference Between Port And Starboard Lights

While standing on the deck and facing the front of the ship, the left side is called the Port and the right side is called the Starboard. The port is always red , while the starboard is always green .

This information is crucial to understand if you ever find yourself trying to navigate the waters at night or while your visibility is limited. For example, if you are sailing towards another vessel, you will be able to tell if that vessel is heading towards you, or if it is heading away from you based on which side the green and red lights appear to you. 

If you see a red light coming towards you, that would mean the other boat is on your right, which means that boat would have the right of way. If you see a green light from an oncoming vessel than you would know that it’s on your left, which means you have the right of way.

When Should Navigation Lights Be Displayed On a Boat?

Navigation lights are required to be displayed in between sunset and sunrise, and anytime that visibility is restricted. For example, due to fog or rain.

Where Can You Buy Navigation Lights?

As discussed earlier, not all boats automatically come with the proper display of navigation lights. It is your responsibility to ensure that your boat has all of the proper equipment for your safety and the safety of others.

The prices for navigation lights will vary anywhere between $9.00 to $100.00 depending on what style and manufacturer you buy. You could even spend as much as $500.00 on some of the higher-end navigation lightings.  Be sure to shop around and take a look at what is available, to ensure that you are finding the best lights, at the best prices. 

Definitions

       All-Round Light:  White (32pt/ 360°)        Masthead Light:  White (20pt/ 225°)        Sidelights:  Red (10pt/ 112.5°) & Green (10pt/ 112.5°)        Stern Light:  White (12pt/ 135°)   

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Boat Navigation Lights Rules: Illustrated Beginners Guide

When navigating at night, the lights on other boats are your first clue about the moving dangers around you. And your navigation lights are your first line of safety in avoiding collisions in the dark, and they tell others vessels what you are and what you are doing. The rules sound complex, but with a little understanding you can get the basics for any situation.

So what are the basic navigation light rules? For most small vessels, motoring requires red and green (port and starboard) lights, and a white light visible in all directions around the boat. This is almost always a stern light and a masthead light on sailboats. Boats under sail require port and starboard lights, and a white stern light. Sailboats below sixty-five feet may show a tricolor light at the masthead instead of side and stern lights when sailing.

That's it, in a nutshell. There's a little more to it, as the rules change with different sizes and there are some specifics about angles of display for the colors. Identifying other ships at sea requires more study, but the basics are the same. And it's not much trouble to make sure you've always got the proper lights on your vessel.

On this page:

What are the official colregs rules for your sailboat, what about the uscg (united states coast guard) rules, lighting at anchor, identifying the boats around you.

The International Regulations for the Prevention of Collision at Sea , abbreviated "COLREGS" is very specific about the lights required, their shapes and sizes, and the distance they must be visible. For the smaller boat, the following definitions apply.

• Masthead Light - a white light placed centerline on the boat showing an arc of 225 degrees with 112.5 degrees either side of the front of the vessel.
• Sidelights - A red light on the port side and a green light on the starboard. They must show an arc of 112.5 degrees from centerline of the bow.
• Stern light - A white light on the stern of the boat showing an unbroken arc of 135 degrees from centerline of the vessel.
• All-round light - A light showing in an unbroken arc of 360 degrees.

The good news is you need not measure these angles. Any properly installed USCG or COLREGS approved light which will cover the correct arcs. If you have to replace the original light from your boat, make sure it's with an approved replacement.

Lights When Sailing

The specific rules for a sailboat under sail are in COLREGS Rule 25 and vary slightly with the size of the boat. A sailboat powering is considered a power boat and falls under in Rule 23.

• Under 23 feet (7 meters) - side lights and a stern light, possible. If these lights can not be displayed a light must be kept at hand to help avoid a collision. This can be a bright flashlight.
• Over 23 feet - Side lights visible to one nautical mile and stern light visible for two.
• Vessels under 65 feet may combine both sidelights into a single lantern on the bow.
• May show a tricolor light on the masthead instead of sidelights and a stern light. It's one or the other though, do not show these lights at the same time .
• Masthead light must be visible for three nautical miles, all other lights must have a two nautical mile visibility.
• Side lights must be separated.
• May not show a masthead tricolor light.
• Masthead light must have five nautical mile visibility, all other lights must be visible for two nautical miles.
• Optional masthead lights - any vessel under sail may display a red light over a green light at the masthead with sidelights and stern light. The red over green may NOT be displayed with a masthead tricolor light. It's one set or the other.

Lights When Motoring

For all navigational purposes a sailboat under power is considered a power boat. This includes motor sailing - if the engine is on and providing propulsion you are on a power boat, even if the sails are up . This applies to navigation lighting, sound signals in fog and limited visibility, and rights of way.

Sailboats under 50 meters under power need to show:

• A masthead light
• Stern light

A power-driven vessel under 23 feet (7 meters) that does not exceed seven knots of speed may display an all around white light, though sidelights should be used if available.

The USCG has published its own "Rules of the Road" that are based on the COLREGS. In addition, it has rules for the "Inland Waterways" for rivers, inland lakes and the Great Lakes.

The good news is this has no impact on what you have to do with your own boat.

They mostly relate to lighting changes on towed vessels like barges and tugs. For example, a vessel towing or pushing another vessel in the ocean under COLREGS shows two masthead lights, sidelights and a stern light, whereas in Inland Waterways the towing or pushing vessel displays two yellow towing lights instead of a white stern light.

If you sail on lakes, rivers or the Great Lakes where towed commercial traffic is common you should learn the inland lights, but coastal or ocean sailors will never see these.

When you anchor outside a designated mooring field, you should display an all around white light at the masthead or as high in the boat as practical.

If your boat is large and has a very tall mast, you may wish to display another light closer to the waterline. Boats approaching in the dark may not see a light on a mast sixty or seventy feet in the air when they are close to your boat.

We use a simple garden path light on our stern when we anchor, left in a rod holder or flag socket. It comes on automatically at dusk and is a cheap and easy way to be more visible. There is no specific rule stating you can not display more lights than required, or the nature of any lights beyond the required all around light.

The COLREGS also specify that a round black "daymark" should be displayed in the rigging of any vessel at anchor. Very few small vessels observe this, however it is the correct display for a vessel in an anchorage.

If you tie to a mooring in a marked mooring area you are not required to display anchor lights, but there is no harm in doing so.

The other important reason to know your lights is to figure out what's going on around you at night. The water may be ablaze with white, red, green and other lights at night and they are your first key to avoiding collisions and problems.

All combinations of lights for fishing boats, commercial vessels, and so on are outside this post‘s scope. The odds are small you will encounter a submarine, seaplane or hovercraft at night, but there are regulations regarding specific lighting for each of those vessels!

There are a few fundamentals to help you figure out what that is you see on the horizon, which way it is going, and whether it is a danger to you.

Port Wine is Red

The fundamental rule is that red sidelights will ALWAYS be on the port side of a vessel, and green lights will always be on starboard. However, some vessels can use all around red and green lights for other purposes, though those will be higher than sidelights.

The light‘s on a ship is not important, some large tankers and freighters will have their sidelights far aft and put them on the superstructure for better visibility. It is not safe to assume that sidelights you can see are on the bow of large vessels .

When you can see the color, you know which way the bow is pointing. If it's red, it's pointing more or less to the left and will travel in that direction. A green light shows it is heading more or less to your right.

If you can see the red and green lights at the same time, you are looking directly at the bow of the vessel. When you are far away, this isn‘t as alarming as if you are close crossing. Seeing red and green lights together on a vessel is something you never want to see for long.

Be aware of red and green lights used in combination with other red, green and white lights. These may not be running lights and could have other significance.

Tankers, Freighters and Large Ships

Tankers, freighters and large ships will have side lights, a stern light and a masthead light. In addition, on vessels over 50 meters there will be a second masthead light further aft and higher than the forward light. The masthead light positions are a better tipoff to the bow direction and how far from the bow the sidelights might be. Remember - on a large vessel the sidelights may not be at the bow or even close to it.

USCG Inland Rules allow for a second all-around white light on large vessels on the Great Lakes instead of a second masthead light.

Fishing Boats

Fishing boats engaged in fishing will have more complex light displays. When they aren't fishing, they will show lights like any power vessel, but Rule 26 spells out light combinations that vary by the fishing activity being done. In general:

• Boats which are Trawling but not making headway will display a green all-around light over a white all-around light , and a masthead light aft of these lights. Boats making headway while trawling will show these lights, plus sidelights and a stern light.
• A vessel fishing other than trawling will show a red all-around light over a white all-around light . When making way they will also show sidelights and a stern light.
• If a vessel has gear more than 150 meters away from the boat, it will show a second all around light in the direction of the gear. The best rule is to give fishing boats as wide a berth as you can at night. They're easy to pick out if you check the top light configurations but their course may be difficult to predict.

Towing and Pushing

Towed vessels can be the most dangerous to cross, but they have the most lights to tell you what is happening. Refer to COLREGS or the USCG Rules of the Road Rule 24 for all combinations You can pick a tow/push vessel out with the following lights:

• Two or three masthead lights in a vertical line. Three masthead lights shows a tow over 200 meters. Additional masthead lights may show for larger tow vessels.
• A towing light (yellow light with the same characteristics as a stern light) directly above the stern light.
• The will also have side lights and a stern light.
• The towed vessel will show sidelights and a stern light. Lighting may vary under USCG inland rules, where towing lights may replace stern lights. Learn these differences if this is your regular cruising ground. If you think there is a tow ahead of you, always go well behind the aft most set of lights. Never go between a tow and avoid crossing ahead if possible as it may restrict their maneuverability.

Special Situations

There are several rare situations you may encounter. As a general rule, if there are a lot of lights and you don't understand them look for the sidelights on a moving vessel. If you can find them and figure out the direction it is moving, it makes the vessel easier to avoid. Stay well clear of lights you do not understand if you can avoid them without risk.

Most of these signals are used by larger, commercial vessels and you will not need them.

They use these light combinations with other light combinations. For example a towing vessel may also be restricted in maneuverability, and a vessel constrained by draft will show running lights if moving.

• Not Under Command - two all around red lights in a single line
• Restricted in Ability to Maneuver - red, white then red in a single line
• Constrained by draft - three all around red lights

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