crew on sailboat

The Ultimate Guide: How to Crew on a Sailboat for Beginners

Alex Morgan

Crewing on a sailboat is an exhilarating experience that allows you to harness the power of the wind and navigate the open waters. Whether you are a seasoned sailor or a beginner looking to learn the ropes, understanding the fundamentals of crewing on a sailboat is essential for a successful voyage.

In this article, we will explore the different aspects of crewing on a sailboat, including the types of sailboats, roles, and responsibilities of crew members, essential skills and qualities, safety procedures, knot tying, sail trim, rigging, and navigation. By the end of this article, you will have a comprehensive understanding of what it takes to be a valuable crew member on a sailboat adventure.

Before we delve into the details, let’s start with an introduction to crewing on a sailboat. We will then discuss the different types of sailboats, such as monohulls and catamarans, and the distinct features and characteristics of each. Understanding the type of sailboat you will be crewing on is crucial for mastering the specific skills required on board.

Next, we will outline the various roles and responsibilities of crew members. From the skipper who leads the crew to the helm , trimmer , bow crew , mast crew , and navigator , each position plays a vital role in ensuring the smooth operation and maneuvering of the sailboat.

To be an effective crew member, certain skills and qualities are essential. We will discuss the importance of sailing knowledge and experience, teamwork and communication, physical fitness, and problem-solving skills. These attributes will contribute to a harmonious and efficient crew dynamic.

Safety is of utmost importance while at sea. We will cover the basic safety equipment that should be on board, man overboard drills for emergency situations, first aid and emergency response, as well as weather awareness and preparedness.

Knot tying and line handling skills are essential for sailboat crew members. We will introduce you to some essential knots like the bowline knot , clove hitch , and cleat hitch , as well as teach you how to properly coil and tie lines.

Understanding sail trim and rigging is another crucial aspect of crewing on a sailboat. We will explore how to control sail shape, adjust halyards and sheets, and tune the rigging to optimize performance and efficiency.

We will touch upon navigation and chart reading, including basic nautical charts, compass usage, and dead reckoning. These skills will enable you to navigate your course with confidence and precision.

By the end of this article, you will be equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to enjoy the adventure of crewing on a sailboat. So, let’s set sail and embark on this exciting journey together.

Key takeaway:

• Crewing on a sailboat requires teamwork and communication: Successful crew members must possess strong teamwork and communication skills to effectively work together on a sailboat.
• Safety is paramount: Being aware of basic safety procedures, emergency response, and weather conditions is essential for maintaining a safe environment while crewing on a sailboat.
• Knowledge of sail trim and rigging is crucial: Understanding how to control sail shape, adjust halyards and sheets, and tune the rigging is key to optimizing performance and efficiency on a sailboat.

Types of Sailboats

When it comes to hitting the waves, understanding the different types of sailboats is key . In this section, we’ll uncover two distinct categories: monohulls and catamarans . Get ready to dive into the thrilling world of sailboat crewing as we explore the characteristics and unique features of each type. So whether you’re a seasoned sailor or a curious novice, let’s embark on a voyage of discovery and unravel the wonders of these magnificent vessels.

1. Monohulls

Monohulls, also known as sailboats with a single hull, are highly stable vessels that are capable of handling rough seas. This characteristic is what makes them immensely popular for both offshore cruising and racing activities. Monohulls come in a range of sizes, spanning from small day-sailers to colossal ocean-going yachts. The ingenious design of monohulls enables easy maneuverability and enhanced ability to sail close to the wind. For added stability, monohulls are equipped with a keel beneath the hull.

These sailboats are furnished with a variety of sails suited for diverse sailing conditions and speeds. These include the main sail, genoa, jib, and spinnaker. In order to effectively handle the sails, navigation, and steering of the boat, a crew is required. In terms of interior space, monohulls boast a comfortable and spacious layout, ideal for lengthier voyages. Their versatility is another commendable aspect as they can be utilized for day trips as well as extended cruising.

2. Catamarans

Catamarans, with their wide beam and twin hulls, are well-known for their stability and spaciousness. These characteristics make them a comfortable choice for individuals prone to seasickness .

Not only that, catamarans are generally faster than monohulls due to the reduced drag provided by their twin hulls.

When it comes to space, catamarans offer larger cabins, lounges, and deck areas, ensuring ample living and storage space.

Their shallow draft enables them to access shallow anchorages and explore areas that are out of reach for monohulls.

Choosing between a catamaran and a monohull depends on personal preferences and sailing goals.

If stability, spaciousness, and comfort are top priorities, a catamaran may be the ideal choice.

On the other hand, if speed, agility, and the ability to point higher into the wind are prioritized, a monohull may be more suitable.

Roles and Responsibilities of Crew Members

Sailing the seas is a beautiful adventure, but it takes a well-coordinated crew to navigate the unpredictable waters. In this section, we’ll dive into the essential roles and responsibilities of each crew member on a sailboat. From the knowledgeable skipper to the skilled helm , the meticulous trimmer to the agile bow and mast crew, and the sharp-eyed navigator , each position plays a vital role in ensuring a smooth and successful voyage. So, grab your life jacket and let’s set sail into the world of crewing on a sailboat.

The role of a skipper on a sailboat is crucial for the overall operation and safety of the crew and vessel. The skipper, also known as the boat captain, is responsible for making navigational decisions, ensuring the boat is operated safely and efficiently, and overseeing the activities of the crew.

One of the key responsibilities of a skipper is making navigational decisions based on their strong knowledge of seamanship and navigation. They must have excellent leadership and decision-making skills to set the course and determine sail configurations. Additionally, effective communication and teamwork abilities are essential in managing and coordinating the crew.

The skipper also plays a vital role in ensuring safety protocols are followed and has the problem-solving skills and ability to handle emergencies. They monitor weather conditions and adjust plans accordingly, relying on their strong understanding of meteorology and weather patterns.

For aspiring skippers, it is recommended to continuously learn and improve their sailing skills and knowledge. Participating in races or joining sailing clubs can provide valuable experience and opportunities to refine their leadership abilities. It is also important to stay up-to-date with advancements in technology and equipment to enhance their proficiency in managing the boat and crew.

Remember, becoming an effective skipper takes time and experience. Embrace a lifelong learning mindset and commit to ongoing growth and development to excel in this important role on a sailboat.

The helm is responsible for steering and controlling the direction of a sailboat. To effectively helm a sailboat, follow these steps:

1. Take your position at the helm and familiarize yourself with the steering mechanism.

2. Maintain a steady grip on the tiller or wheel and balance your stance.

3. Monitor the wind direction and adjust the sails accordingly for optimal performance.

4. Coordinate maneuvers and navigate obstacles by communicating with the skipper and crew.

5. React promptly to changes in wind speed and direction to maintain control of the boat.

6. Keep a lookout for other vessels, obstacles, or potential hazards in the water.

7. Steer the boat smoothly and make minor course adjustments as needed.

8. Be aware of the boat’s speed, acceleration, and responsiveness to your steering inputs.

To enhance your helm skills, practice regularly in different weather conditions and on various sailboats. Seek feedback from experienced sailors and learn from their insights. Remember, mastering the helm requires sailing knowledge, adaptability, and sharp decision-making skills. Enjoy the adventure of crewing on a sailboat and embrace the learning opportunities it offers.

The trimmer is an essential role on a sailboat. Their primary responsibility is to adjust the sails for optimal performance and efficiency. They achieve this by changing the sail position based on the wind direction and speed. Collaborating closely with the helm, the trimmer ensures the sails are adjusted according to the boat’s course and desired speed. Clear communication between the trimmer and helm is crucial for making quick adjustments.

In addition, the trimmer continuously monitors the sail performance and makes necessary adjustments to maintain optimal speed and efficiency. They also assist in tuning the rigging by adjusting the tension of the mast, shrouds, and stays. This helps improve the sail shape and overall performance of the boat.

During sail changes, the trimmer plays a vital role in hoisting, lowering, and adjusting new sails efficiently. Their expertise in sail trim allows them to minimize any loss of speed or performance during these transitions.

The trimmer needs to have a deep understanding of wind shifts and the ability to anticipate changes in wind direction. This skill allows them to make proactive adjustments to maintain optimal sail trim.

The trimmer is crucial in maximizing sailboat performance. Their expertise in sail trim and ability to quickly adapt to changing conditions are essential for success on the water.

4. Bow Crew

The Bow Crew , also known as the Bow Crew , plays a crucial role in the smooth operation and navigation of a sailboat. This team has a set of key responsibilities and tasks, including the following:

1. Setting and handling the anchor: As part of their duties, the Bow Crew prepares and deploys the anchor when the sailboat reaches its intended anchorage. It is essential that they know how to properly set and secure the anchor to keep the boat in place.

2. Managing the bow line: Another important task for the Bow Crew is handling the bow line, which is used for mooring the boat or securing it to a dock. To accomplish this safely and securely, they need to possess the necessary skills in knot tying and line handling.

3. Assisting with docking maneuvers: During the docking process, the Bow Crew provides assistance with line handling and ensuring that the boat remains a safe distance from the dock to avoid any damage. Effective communication with other crew members is crucial for a smooth and secure docking process.

4. Keeping a lookout: A primary responsibility of the Bow Crew is to keep a vigilant watch for any potential obstacles or hazards in the water, including other boats, buoys, or rocks. Their role is to promptly alert the rest of the crew to ensure safe navigation.

5. Handling sails and line adjustments: As part of their tasks, the Bow Crew assists with handling and adjusting sails, particularly during tacking or gybing. It is important for them to be familiar with the proper techniques for hoisting, lowering, and reefing sails.

Being a member of the Bow Crew requires a keen attention to detail, excellent communication skills, and the ability to work effectively as part of a team. Safety and efficiency are of paramount importance in the performance of these duties.

5. Mast Crew

The role of the mast crew is vital in ensuring the smooth operation and maneuverability of a sailboat. The mast crew plays a significant role in handling and maintaining the sails to optimize the performance of the boat. They are responsible for various tasks, including hoisting and lowering sails as directed by the skipper or helm, ensuring proper alignment and integrity.

The crew members also trim and adjust the sails to achieve the desired sail shape and maximize speed and efficiency using control lines such as halyards, sheets, and reefing lines. They proficiently assist in reefing , reducing the sail’s size during strong winds. The mast crew is responsible for inspecting and maintaining sail-related equipment, promptly fixing any issues that arise. Effective communication between the crew members, helm, and trimmers is crucial to ensuring coordination between sail adjustments and boat maneuvers.

To be a successful mast crew member, it is essential to have a good understanding of sail trim , excellent teamwork, communication skills, physical fitness, and problem-solving abilities. Safety should always be a priority, and crew members should be knowledgeable about safety procedures, weather conditions, and emergency response protocols.

To excel in this role, it is recommended to practice tying essential knots such as the bowline , clove hitch , and cleat hitch . Understanding navigation charts, using a compass, and mastering dead reckoning will greatly enhance your skills. Embrace the challenges and rewards of being a vital part of the mast crew and enjoy the adventure of crewing on a sailboat.

6. Navigator

The role of a navigator on a sailboat is crucial for the safe and accurate navigation of the vessel. The navigator is responsible for incorporating their expertise in chart reading, navigation instruments, and situational awareness to guide the boat to its destination. Collaborating with other crew members, the navigator ensures that informed decisions are made based on the current conditions and the planned route. By efficiently using nautical charts and considering factors such as wind direction, current, and obstacles, the navigator plots the best course. They also read and interpret charts, understanding symbols, depth contours, and other information to locate the boat’s position and plan the route. Navigational instruments like compasses, GPS devices, and depth sounders are utilized by the navigator to accurately determine the boat’s heading, speed, and position. The navigator practices dead reckoning , estimating the vessel’s position based on the previous known position, course, speed, and time elapsed. It is important for the navigator to maintain situational awareness , remaining alert to detect any changes in conditions, hazards, or approaching vessels. Ultimately, a skilled navigator plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of the crew and the boat, making the journey a success.

Essential Skills and Qualities for Crew Members

Ready to set sail? In this section, we’ll delve into the essential skills and qualities that make a great crew member on a sailboat. From sailing knowledge and experience to teamwork and communication skills , physical fitness , and problem-solving abilities , we’ll uncover what it takes to be an invaluable part of a sailing team. So grab your life jacket, because we’re about to embark on an exciting journey through the seas of crewing on a sailboat!

1. Sailing Knowledge and Experience

When it comes to sailing, having a strong foundation of sailing knowledge and experience is crucial for crew members. Here are some important points to consider:

1. Take sailing courses: Sailing courses provide valuable knowledge and hands-on experience. Courses like the American Sailing Association’s Basic Keelboat or Royal Yachting Association’s Competent Crew can teach fundamental skills and build confidence.

2. Join crewing opportunities: Enhance your sailing experience by actively seeking crewing opportunities. Connect with experienced sailors through local sailing clubs or associations. Offer your services as a volunteer crew for regattas or offshore races to gain practical experience.

3. Practice on different sailboats: Expand your sailing knowledge by familiarizing yourself with various types of sailboats, such as monohulls and catamarans. Each type has unique characteristics and requires different handling techniques.

4. Learn sail trim: Understanding sail trim is essential for optimizing a sailboat’s performance. Make sure to familiarize yourself with concepts like wind angle, sail shape, and adjusting halyards and sheets for proper sail tension.

5. Navigate using charts: Develop the necessary skills to navigate using basic nautical charts. Learn how to interpret symbols, depth soundings, and landmarks to plot a course and ensure safe passage.

6. Gain experience in different sailing conditions: Improve your proficiency by actively practicing sailing in various weather conditions and sea states. This will allow you to handle different situations with ease.

By continuously learning and gaining hands-on experience, crew members can significantly improve their sailing knowledge and skills, ultimately resulting in safer and more enjoyable sailing experiences.

2. Teamwork and Communication

Teamwork and communication are crucial for a successful sailing experience. It is important to consider several key aspects:

Clear communication: Use concise language to effectively convey information and instructions among crew members. This includes using proper nautical terms and hand signals while on the water.

Active listening: Actively listen to each other and the skipper to ensure a clear understanding of tasks, directions, and safety procedures.

Collaboration: Working together as a team is vital for smooth sailing. Support each other, share responsibilities, and coordinate tasks to maintain the boat’s performance.

Trust and respect: Trust and respect each other’s abilities and decisions to create a cohesive crew. Value each person’s contribution and treat everyone with respect.

Problem-solving: When faced with challenges or unexpected situations, maintain a calm and proactive approach. Collaborate to find solutions and make quick decisions when necessary.

Adaptability: Sailing conditions can change rapidly. Be adaptable to adjust strategies and actions accordingly. Being flexible and open to change is crucial for successful teamwork.

Efficient coordination: Coordinate movements and actions to maximize efficiency and prevent accidents or mishaps. Synchronize maneuvers, handle equipment together, and maintain good balance and stability.

By prioritizing teamwork and communication, a sailboat crew can operate smoothly and enjoy a safe and rewarding sailing experience.

3. Physical Fitness

Physical fitness is important for crew members on a sailboat. Here are the key factors to consider:

• Endurance : Crew members need good cardiovascular fitness to endure long hours of physical activity on the boat, like hiking out or grinding winches.
• Strength : Strength is crucial for tasks like hoisting sails and maneuvering equipment. Upper body and core strength are particularly important.
• Flexibility : Flexibility helps crew members perform maneuvers effortlessly, like moving around the boat, adjusting sails, and maintaining balance.
• Balance : Good balance is essential to prevent falls and injuries on a moving sailboat. Crew members should practice exercises that improve stability and coordination.
• Agility : Sailboats require quick and agile movements, especially during maneuvers or when responding to changing wind conditions. Agility training helps crew members react swiftly and efficiently.

Maintaining physical fitness is vital for the safety of crew members and the overall performance of the sailboat. Regular exercise, including cardiovascular workouts, strength training, stretching, and balance exercises, can improve physical fitness and enhance sailing abilities.

In the Volvo Ocean Race, physical fitness played a crucial role in the success of the teams. The sailors endured extreme weather and long hours of physical exertion. Teams prioritized fitness training tailored to sailing’s demanding nature. This focus not only improved performance on the boat but also reduced the risk of injuries and contributed to overall well-being. The dedication to physical fitness exemplified the importance of being in top form as a crew member on a sailboat.

4. Problem-Solving Skills

Problem-solving skills are essential for crewing on a sailboat. Here are key points to consider:

• Quick thinking: Crew members must think quickly and come up with solutions to unexpected challenges that may arise during a sail. This could include equipment malfunctions or changing weather conditions.
• Resourcefulness: Being resourceful is crucial when problem-solving on a sailboat. Crew members need to make the most of limited resources, using their creativity to find solutions.
• Clear communication: Effective communication is vital for problem-solving as it allows crew members to share information and ideas. It also helps avoid misunderstandings and ensures everyone is on the same page when addressing a problem.
• Collaboration: Problem-solving on a sailboat often requires teamwork. Crew members must work together, listen to each other’s ideas, and contribute their expertise to find the best solution.
• Adaptability: The ability to adapt and adjust plans is crucial when facing challenges on a sailboat. Crew members should be flexible and willing to change course if necessary, prioritizing the safety and well-being of the crew.

Fact: Cultivating problem-solving skills enhances a crew member’s proficiency and boosts the overall well-being and success of the sailing experience.

Safety and Emergency Procedures

When it comes to crewing on a sailboat, one aspect that cannot be overlooked is safety and emergency procedures . It’s crucial to have a solid understanding of how to handle any unforeseen situations that may arise. In this section, we will explore the key elements that contribute to a safe sailing experience . From basic safety equipment to man overboard drills , first aid and emergency response, and weather awareness and preparedness , we will cover everything you need to know to ensure a seamless and secure journey on the open waters .

1. Basic Safety Equipment

Basic safety equipment is crucial for sailboat crew members to guarantee the well-being and security of all on board. Here is a comprehensive list of necessary safety equipment:

• Life jackets : Every crew member requires a properly fitting life jacket approved by the Coast Guard. These jackets provide buoyancy during emergencies.
• Throwable flotation devices: An easily accessible flotation device, such as a lifebuoy or rescue ring, should be readily available for rescuing individuals who fall overboard.
• Fire extinguisher : An easily accessible fire extinguisher that is properly maintained is vital in case of fires on the boat.
• Flares : Flares are used for signaling for help during emergencies. Crew members should be knowledgeable about their usage and have them easily accessible.
• First aid kit : It is essential to have a well-stocked first aid kit on board to treat minor injuries and provide initial care until professional medical assistance is available, if necessary.
• Bilge pump : A bilge pump aids in removing water from the boat’s bilge, ensuring the vessel remains afloat and free from excess water.

Regular inspection and maintenance of all safety equipment is critical to ensuring proper functionality. It is also important for crew members to be familiar with the location and operation of these items in order to swiftly respond during emergencies.

2. Man Overboard Drills

Man Overboard Drills are critical for sailboat safety. These drills are essential to ensure that the crew is well-prepared and able to respond promptly and efficiently in the event that someone falls overboard. Here are the steps to follow when conducting man overboard drills:

• Alert the crew by shouting “Man overboard!”
• Indicate the person’s location by pointing at them in the water.
• Mark the spot by activating the man overboard button on the boat’s navigation system.
• Assign a crew member to maintain visual contact with the person in the water.
• Position the boat in a close-hauled position to have the best sailing angle towards the individual.
• Throw a flotation device towards the person in the water.
• Assign a crew member to initiate the recovery process while wearing a safety harness and lifeline.
• Approach the person in the water while maintaining a safe distance.
• Use a boat hook or your hand to grab hold of the person’s life jacket or clothing.
• Assist the person in getting back onto the boat using proper lifting and transfer techniques.

Remember, regular practice of man overboard drills improves the proficiency of the crew and ensures the safety of everyone on board. It’s also crucial to designate a specific crew member responsible for calling for outside assistance if necessary. Stay vigilant and be prepared for any emergencies while out at sea.

3. First Aid and Emergency Response

When it comes to sailing, being prepared for emergencies and knowing how to respond is crucial. Here are some important aspects to consider for first aid and emergency response :

1. Basic Safety Equipment: All crew members should know the location and proper use of safety equipment such as life jackets, fire extinguishers, and flares.

2. Man Overboard Drills: Knowing how to quickly perform a man overboard drill is crucial in case someone falls overboard. This involves maneuvering the boat, throwing out a lifebuoy or device to mark the spot, and executing a rescue plan.

3. First Aid and Emergency Response: Crew members should have a basic understanding of first aid techniques, including CPR and basic wound care. It is important to have a well-stocked first aid kit on board with essentials like bandages, antiseptic solutions, and pain relievers.

4. Weather Awareness and Preparedness: Monitoring changing weather conditions is crucial for safety. Crew members should understand the signs of impending storms and know how to respond appropriately, such as reefing the sails or seeking shelter.

True History Fact: During a sailing race in the Caribbean in 2014, a crew member suffered a severe leg laceration due to a shifting piece of equipment. The crew’s knowledge of first aid and emergency response allowed them to quickly control the bleeding and provide proper wound care until the injured crew member could receive medical attention at the nearest port.

4. Weather Awareness and Preparedness

Weather awareness and preparedness are vital for the safety of sailing. In order to ensure a safe journey, it is important to follow these steps:

• Stay updated: It is essential to regularly check weather forecasts to stay informed about any changes or alerts.
• Learn the signs: Familiarize yourself with visual cues that indicate different weather patterns, such as cloud formations or shifts in wind direction.
• Understand wind patterns: Take the time to study wind maps and charts so that you can identify the prevailing winds in your sailing area. This knowledge will assist you in planning your course and anticipating any potential changes in wind speed and direction.
• Monitor barometric pressure: Stay vigilant and keep track of any changes in barometric pressure, as they can serve as an indication of approaching storms or changes in weather conditions.
• Be aware of storm systems: It is crucial to stay informed about the development and movement of storms, including tropical storms and hurricanes, as they may affect your chosen sailing route.
• Prepare for adverse weather: Make sure to have the necessary gear on board, such as rain jackets, warm clothing, and safety harnesses, in order to protect yourself from inclement weather.
• Develop an emergency plan: Create a procedure for handling extreme weather situations and ensure that all crew members are familiar with it.
• Know your limits: It is important to understand the capabilities of your boat and the skill level of your crew. Avoid sailing in conditions that are beyond your comfort or experience level.
• Seek shelter if necessary: In the event of severe weather, it is advisable to find a safe haven where you can anchor or take refuge until conditions improve.

Essential Knots and Line Handling

Mastering the art of knot tying and line handling is an essential skill for any crew member on a sailboat. In this section, we’ll dive into the world of essential knots and various techniques for handling lines. From the versatile bowline knot to the secure clove hitch and convenient cleat hitch , we’ll explore the key knots that every sailor should know. We’ll cover tips and tricks for properly tying and coiling lines, ensuring smooth and efficient sailing adventures. Get ready to become a knot-tying expert !

1. Bowline Knot

The bowline knot is a crucial knot for sailors, as it creates a strong loop at the end of a rope. To tie a bowline knot , follow these steps:

1. Start by making a small loop in the rope, ensuring that the end of the rope is on top.

2. Pass the end of the rope through the loop from underneath.

3. Next, bring the end of the rope around the standing part of the rope.

4. Pass the end of the rope back through the loop.

5. Tighten the knot by simultaneously pulling on the standing part of the rope and the end of the rope.

6. Once tightened, the bowline knot will securely hold, creating a loop that won’t slip.

During a sailing trip, a sudden storm caused a crew member to fall overboard. In response, the skipper immediately called for a man overboard drill, and the crew swiftly sprang into action. One skilled sailor promptly tied a bowline knot on a rescue line, ensuring a secure loop to pull the crew member back on board. The bowline knot proved its reliability as it held strong, resulting in a safe and successful rescue. It is crucial for sailors to know and practice essential knots like the bowline, especially in emergency situations at sea.

2. Clove Hitch

The Clove Hitch is a versatile knot used for various purposes on a sailboat. It is a reliable knot that can hold tension in two directions, making it useful for attaching fenders, securing sails, or creating anchor points. Tying a Clove Hitch is a quick and easy way to secure a line to a cleat or pole on a sailboat. Here are the steps to tie a Clove Hitch :

• Make a loop with the rope.
• Pass the end of the rope over the standing part.
• Bring the end of the rope under the standing part and over the loop.
• Pass the end of the rope under the standing part again.
• Pull the end of the rope tight to secure the Clove Hitch .

Practice tying the Clove Hitch to improve your knot-tying skills and ensure the safety and stability of your sailboat.

Fact: The Clove Hitch is named after the clove tree, known for its strength and durability in securing sailing knots.

3. Cleat Hitch

The cleat hitch is a practical knot for fastening a line to a cleat on a sailboat. Here are the steps to tie a cleat hitch:

1. First, take the line and pass it around the base of the cleat .

2. Next, cross the line over itself and bring it under the opposite horn of the cleat .

3. Then, loop the line over the top of the opposite horn of the cleat .

4. After that, wrap the line under the first loop, creating a figure-eight shape.

5. Now, pass the line under the second horn of the cleat .

6. Pull the line tightly to securely hold the cleat hitch in place.

Remember to always double-check that the cleat hitch is properly secured before relying on it to withstand tension. The cleat hitch is a reliable knot that can handle significant loads.

To improve your proficiency in tying the cleat hitch , make sure to practice it regularly. Get familiar with different sizes and types of cleats to be prepared for various situations while working on a sailboat.

4. Tying and Coiling Lines

When tying and coiling lines on a sailboat, it is important to follow these steps for a secure and efficient operation:

1. Begin by untwisting and freeing the line of any knots and tangles.

2. Next, wrap the line around a fixed object such as a cleat or winch at least two times. This will provide a secure anchor point .

3. To create a “ half hitch ,” form a loop with the line and pass the working end through it.

4. Pull the working end tight to securely fasten the half hitch .

5. Repeat the process of creating half hitches until the line is fully and securely fastened .

6. When it comes to coiling the line , hold the end in one hand and use your other hand to create loops.

7. Make sure to alternate the direction of each loop to create neatly coiled line .

8. To secure the end of the line , tuck the working end under one of the loops.

9. It is important to ensure that the coiled line is tidy and compact to prevent tangles and make it easier to handle.

Following these steps will ensure that your lines are properly tied and coiled , allowing for efficient and safe operation of the sailboat.

Understanding Sail Trim and Rigging

Get ready to set sail with an in-depth exploration of sail trim and rigging . We’ll uncover the secrets of controlling sail shape , fine-tuning halyards and sheets , and perfecting the rigging . Whether you’re a seasoned sailor or just getting started, this section will equip you with the knowledge you need to navigate the waters with confidence . So hop on board and let’s dive into the fascinating world of sail trim and rigging !

1. Controlling Sail Shape

Controlling sail shape is crucial for maximizing performance and efficiency. Here are the steps to effectively control sail shape:

Adjust halyard tension: Increase tension to flatten the sail for faster and more efficient sailing. This reduces drag and improves the boat’s movement through the water.

Tweak sheet angle: Sheet angle affects sail shape. By trimming the sheets appropriately, you can achieve the desired shape. Easing the sheets creates a fuller shape for lighter winds, while trimming in flattens the sail for stronger winds.

Use cunningham or downhaul: These lines control tension along the sail’s luff. Adjusting them flattens the sail and controls its shape, especially in the lower section.

Consider vang or boom kicker: These help control the sail’s twist. Adjusting them controls the shape of the upper part of the sail and maintains efficient airflow.

Use mast bend: Fine-tune mast bend to adjust sail shape. This can be achieved by adjusting backstay tension or using a mast bend control system.

Monitor and adjust sail controls: Use telltales attached to the sail to gauge its efficiency. Smooth-flowing telltales indicate optimal sail shape. Make necessary adjustments if the telltales are not flowing smoothly.

Observe and react to changing wind conditions: Continuously adjust the sail shape based on prevailing wind conditions. Lighter winds require fuller sails, while stronger winds need flatter sails to reduce heeling and maintain control.

By using these techniques, sailors can maintain optimal sail shape, leading to increased speed, improved stability, and overall better performance on the water.

2. Adjusting Halyards and Sheets

Adjusting halyards and sheets is important for sailboat crew members. It optimizes sail performance by making changes to the positioning and tension of the halyards and sheets . Here are some key points to consider:

1. Understanding sail shape: Adjusting halyards and sheets controls sail shape, impacting speed and maneuverability.

2. Tensioning halyards : Proper tensioning shapes the sails and captures wind effectively.

3. Trimming sheets : By adjusting sheets , crew members can fine-tune sail angle and tightness.

4. Balancing tension: Maintaining a proper balance prevents stress on the sails and rigging, promoting smoother sailing and reducing the risk of damage.

5. Continual monitoring: Adjustments may be needed throughout the sail, depending on wind shifts and other factors. Crew members should be attentive for optimal sail performance.

Mastering the skill of adjusting halyards and sheets enhances the overall efficiency and performance of the sailboat, improving the sailing experience for everyone on board.

3. Tuning the Rigging

To tune the rigging on a sailboat, follow these steps:

1. Inspect the rigging for wear or damage—look for frayed cables or loose connections.

2. Measure the tension in the rigging using a tension gauge. The optimal tension is typically around 15-20% of the breaking strength.

3. Adjust the rigging by turning the turnbuckles clockwise if it is too loose. Use a wrench to do this.

4. If the rigging is too tight, loosen it by turning the turnbuckles counterclockwise. Be careful not to over-loosen to prevent excessive mast movement.

5. After making adjustments, re-measure the tension using the tension gauge. Continue adjusting until the desired tension is achieved.

6. Check the mast rake, which is the forward or backward inclination of the mast. You can change the mast rake by adjusting the mast step or forestay tension.

7. Lastly, check the alignment of the mast. It should be straight from top to bottom. If there is any misalignment, adjust the rigging as needed.

Following these steps will ensure that the rigging on your sailboat is properly tuned, which is crucial for optimal performance and safety on the water.

Navigation and Chart Reading

Embarking on a sailboat adventure requires mastering the art of navigation and chart reading. In this section, we’ll dive into the essential skills needed to navigate the vast waters. From understanding basic nautical charts to utilizing a compass and practicing dead reckoning, we’ll equip you with the knowledge to confidently sail the seas. So, grab your compass and get ready to set sail on a thrilling journey of exploration and discovery !

1. Basic Nautical Charts

When crewing on a sailboat, it is crucial to understand basic nautical charts. These charts provide detailed information about navigational aids, such as buoys, beacons, and lighthouses, which help sailors determine their position and navigate safely. They also indicate water depths using soundings and contour lines to prevent grounding. Nautical charts include landmarks and features such as shorelines, islands, rocks, and channels, which help sailors identify their location and plan routes. Familiarizing yourself with the symbols and abbreviations used in charts can help you understand the information more effectively. Paying attention to the chart’s scale and orientation is important for accurate interpretation of distances and directions. It is also crucial to regularly update charts for changes in water depth, landmarks, and navigational aids, using the most recent chart available for accuracy. By using basic nautical charts, crew members can navigate safely and effectively on a sailboat.

2. Using a Compass

When it comes to sailing, using a compass is essential for navigation. Here are the steps involved:

1. Hold the compass level and steady, away from magnetic interference.

2. Align the compass housing with the direction of travel arrow.

3. Read the degree markings on the compass housing to determine the bearing.

4. Rotate the compass housing until the red magnetic needle aligns with the orienting arrow.

5. Read the determined bearing from the degree markings on the compass housing.

6. Keep the compass level and steady while following your desired bearing.

7. Periodically check the compass to ensure you are staying on course.

Using a compass accurately helps navigate, even when landmarks or other aids are not visible. It is an essential tool for sailors to reach their destination safely and efficiently.

In the early years of sailing, compasses were not always reliable due to factors like iron on the ship or variations in the Earth’s magnetic field. Advancements in compass technology and understanding of magnetic forces have made modern compasses more accurate and dependable. Today, sailors can rely on compasses to guide them, providing them with direction and improving their sailing experience.

3. Dead Reckoning

When sailing, dead reckoning is a technique to estimate your current position based on previous known positions and the boat’s course and speed. Here’s how you can do dead reckoning:

1. Record the boat’s starting position, course, and speed.

2. Monitor the boat’s course and speed over time, making adjustments for any changes.

3. Use the elapsed time and the boat’s speed to calculate the distance traveled.

4. Based on the boat’s course and distance traveled, plot a line on the chart from the starting position in the direction of the course.

5. If the boat changes course or speed, make note of these changes and adjust the line accordingly.

6. If there are known landmarks or navigational aids along the course, use them to confirm the estimated position.

Pro-tip: Improve the accuracy of dead reckoning by regularly comparing the estimated position with actual positions obtained through other navigation techniques such as celestial navigation or GPS.

Some Facts About How To Crew On A Sailboat:

• ✅ There are sailing opportunities available for amateur and professional crew members worldwide. (Source: Crewseekers.net)
• ✅ It is free for everyone to browse through all current sailing opportunities, but membership is required to contact yacht owners and join their crew. (Source: Crewseekers.net)
• ✅ Walking the docks in sailing towns and using the internet are effective ways to find crew opportunities and work on sailboats. (Source: Transitions Abroad)
• ✅ Some captains are willing to take inexperienced sailors and teach them along the way, making crew positions accessible to those without prior experience. (Source: Transitions Abroad)
• ✅ Crewing on sailboats allows individuals to experience the rawness and basic nature of life at sea, as well as the beauty of the ocean and the night sky. (Source: Transitions Abroad)

Frequently Asked Questions

1. how can i find crewing opportunities on sailboats.

You can find crewing opportunities on sailboats by walking the docks in sailing towns and talking to people, using the internet to search for crew opportunities, or participating in cruising rallies organized by experienced sailors.

2. Are there sailing opportunities available for all experience levels?

Yes, there are sailing opportunities available for both amateur and professional crew members worldwide, regardless of their experience level.

3. How can I join a sailboat crew?

To join a sailboat crew, you need to register and become a member of a yacht crew introduction agency. This will allow you to browse through current sailing opportunities and contact yacht owners to join their crew.

4. What are the essential roles on a sailboat?

The essential roles on a sailboat include the Captain, who is the decision maker; the cook, who ensures the crew’s sustenance; the person at the helm, who makes critical decisions; and the dog watchers, who take care of the dog and anchor during off hours.

5. Can inexperienced sailors join sailboat crews?

Yes, many sailboat captains are willing to take inexperienced sailors and teach them along the way. Trustworthiness and a hard-working attitude are important attributes when looking for a crew position.

6. What are the benefits of crewing on a sailboat for travel?

Crewing on a sailboat for travel offers a unique and affordable way to see the world. It saves money on airfare and provides a stronger connection to nature and the universe. It can also be a life-changing experience and an opportunity to learn new skills.

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Discover the key crew positions and their duties on a sailboat to ensure a safe and enjoyable journey exploring the open sea with your family.

The Role of Crew Positions and Duties on a Sailboat

Sailing is an exciting and fulfilling way to explore the world with your family, but it’s also a complex endeavor that requires a solid understanding of various crew positions and duties. In this article, we’ll delve into the different roles on a sailboat, their responsibilities, and how they contribute to a successful sailing adventure.

Table of Contents

Introduction, watch leader, galley crew, communications officer.

Before we dive into the specific crew positions, it’s important to note that the size and complexity of your sailboat will determine the number of crew members needed. On a smaller boat, one person may take on multiple roles, while larger boats may require a full crew to operate efficiently. Regardless of your boat’s size, understanding the various roles and their duties will help ensure a safe and enjoyable sailing experience.

The skipper, also known as the captain, is the person in charge of the sailboat. They are responsible for the overall safety and well-being of the crew and the vessel. The skipper’s duties include:

• Planning and executing the sailing itinerary
• Ensuring the boat is properly maintained and equipped
• Making decisions regarding navigation, weather, and safety
• Managing the crew and assigning tasks
• Ensuring all crew members are trained and competent in their roles
• Handling emergencies and making critical decisions under pressure

The skipper should have extensive sailing experience, strong leadership skills, and a thorough understanding of the boat’s systems and capabilities.

The first mate, or mate, is the skipper’s right-hand person and is responsible for assisting with the management of the boat and crew. The first mate’s duties include:

• Assisting the skipper with navigation, weather, and safety decisions
• Supervising and directing the crew in their tasks
• Stepping in as skipper if the skipper is incapacitated or unavailable

The first mate should have strong sailing skills, good communication and leadership abilities, and a solid understanding of the boat’s systems and capabilities.

The navigator is responsible for planning and executing the boat’s course, taking into account factors such as weather, currents, and hazards. The navigator’s duties include:

• Creating and updating the boat’s passage plan
• Monitoring the boat’s position and progress using charts, GPS, and other navigational tools
• Identifying and avoiding potential hazards, such as reefs, shoals, and shipping traffic
• Communicating with the skipper and crew regarding the boat’s course and any necessary adjustments

The navigator should have strong navigational skills, a keen eye for detail, and the ability to think critically and make decisions under pressure.

On longer passages, the crew will typically be divided into watches, with each watch responsible for sailing the boat for a set period of time. The watch leader is responsible for overseeing their watch and ensuring the boat is sailed safely and efficiently. The watch leader’s duties include:

• Ensuring the crew on watch is performing their tasks correctly and efficiently
• Monitoring the boat’s course, speed, and sail trim
• Communicating with the skipper and other watch leaders regarding the boat’s progress and any issues that arise
• Ensuring the crew on watch is well-rested and alert

The watch leader should have strong sailing skills, good communication and leadership abilities, and the ability to make decisions under pressure.

The helm, or helmsperson, is responsible for steering the boat and maintaining its course. The helm’s duties include:

• Steering the boat according to the navigator’s instructions
• Monitoring the boat’s speed and adjusting the sails as needed to maintain optimal performance
• Communicating with the crew regarding sail trim and other adjustments
• Keeping a lookout for potential hazards and other vessels

The helm should have strong sailing skills, good communication abilities, and a keen sense of awareness.

Deckhands are responsible for handling the sails, lines, and other equipment on the boat. Deckhand duties include:

• Hoisting, lowering, and trimming sails
• Tying and adjusting lines, such as halyards, sheets, and dock lines
• Assisting with anchoring and mooring the boat
• Performing routine maintenance tasks, such as cleaning and inspecting the rigging

Deckhands should have a basic understanding of sailing and be able to follow instructions and work well as part of a team.

The galley crew is responsible for preparing meals and maintaining the cleanliness and organization of the boat’s galley (kitchen). Galley crew duties include:

• Planning and preparing meals for the crew
• Ensuring the galley is clean and well-stocked
• Managing food storage and waste disposal
• Assisting with other tasks as needed, such as cleaning and maintenance

Galley crew members should have good cooking skills, be well-organized, and able to work efficiently in a small space.

The engineer is responsible for maintaining and repairing the boat’s mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Engineer duties include:

• Performing routine maintenance on the engine, generator, and other systems
• Diagnosing and repairing mechanical, electrical, and plumbing issues
• Ensuring the boat’s systems are operating efficiently and safely
• Assisting with other tasks as needed, such as sail handling and deck work

The engineer should have a strong technical background, good problem-solving skills, and a thorough understanding of the boat’s systems.

The communications officer is responsible for managing the boat’s communication systems, including radios, satellite phones, and internet access. Communications officer duties include:

• Monitoring and operating the boat’s communication systems
• Ensuring the crew is aware of and follows proper communication protocols
• Communicating with other vessels, marinas, and authorities as needed
• Assisting with navigation and weather information

The communications officer should have a strong understanding of communication systems and protocols, good communication skills, and the ability to think critically and make decisions under pressure.

Understanding the various crew positions and their duties is essential for a successful sailing adventure. Whether you’re sailing with a full crew or taking on multiple roles yourself, being well-versed in these responsibilities will help ensure a safe and enjoyable journey for you and your family. As you gain experience and confidence in your sailing abilities, you’ll be better equipped to handle the challenges and rewards that come with living the sailing lifestyle.

Better Sailing

Sailing Crew Roles and Names

The skipper is responsible for the safety of the yacht and the crew’s welfare. However, sailing a boat successfully requires teamwork from the skipper and the crew. This will ensure that all maneuvers—such as leaving a mooring, hoisting sails, changing tacks, reefing, or entering a marina—can be completed with maximum enjoyment and minimum stress.

Boat Captain/Skipper

It may come as a shock, but the skipper is not necessarily the helm. This crew member must ensure that the boat is ready for sailing. He or she needs to make sure that all members of the crew are accounted for. They also need to make sure that food and fuel are sufficient, and sails are ready for hoisting. The skipper is in charge of keeping communications open onboard and help other crew members if needed. Also, they are usually responsible for talking the whole crew through maneuvers as they are about to happen and making sure that all crew members are ready.

What Makes A Good Skipper?

• Responsibility : The skipper is responsible for all aspects of the running of the yacht, its safety, and the crew’s wellbeing.
• Skills : He or she should be comfortable with sailing and navigation skills, inspire confidence in their crew, and be a good communicator.
• Delegation : A good skipper should keep on top of all his or her duties and give the crew tasks that are appropriate to their experience.
• Patience : He or she should be patient with inexperienced crew members and be able to run the yacht with a light touch while retaining respect and authority. 
• Briefing : It is the skipper’s role to plan the passage in detail before setting sail. 
• Involvement : A good skipper will also encourage the crew to get involved in passage planning and navigation and will always listen to their opinions.

Tactician 

The tactician’s role is to get the boat around the racecourse as fast as possible. For that, he needs to take into account the wind, tide, and other competitors, as well as the crew’s ability. They also need to make sure that the boat has the correct course. In short, the tactician is the brains of the sailboat. The tactician must communicate with the helm and skipper to run through maneuvers.

The Helm (Driver)

The Helm is often mistakenly perceived as the skipper. This crew role is to steer the boat where the tactician says and to keep sailing as fast as possible. The helm is also helping with other tasks, but they must focus on the job at hand as much as possible. The helm and the tactician must be in close communication with each other.

Head Sail Trimmers

This crew role is for two members, one who will cut release the sail when going through the tack while the other pulls in the full sail. The crew member releasing can then assist with tailing the sail or trimming it – which is a good example of teamwork. Also, the trimmer should keep adjusting the sail, depending on the point of sail, and should be very focused on that task. Also, the trimmers are in charge of trimming the spinnaker sail and guy when going downwind. Main communication is kept between each other, boat captain and tactician. Pre-start these guys will have a lot to do!

This crew member is in control of all sail hoists and drops depending on the wind. The bowman spends most of their time on the foredeck (the deck at the forward part of the sailboat), preparing for spinnaker hoists, gibes, and drops. 

This crew member is a combination of both the bowman and mastman. They are in control of all of the running rigging which comes into the cockpit. This is a vital role and always in the middle of the action. Pitmans must keep communication is between bowman, mast man, and skipper—the eyes and ears for the foredeck crew.

This position is reserved for the stronger members of the crew. A mastman’s foremost task is to assist with the speedy hoisting of the sails during maneuvers. The mast man and bowman go hand in hand and help each other on hoists and drops. The main communication is with the bowman, pitman, and skipper.

No sailing team is complete without its ballast crew members that help to balance the boat in order to reach its top possible speeds and maneuverability. These members of the crew are called ‘ballast’ and are key when racing for the mark. Ballast crew members have the best seat in the house.

What Makes a Good Crew Member?

• Key qualities : All crew members require a positive attitude, sense of humor, and the ability to get along with others in the confined space aboard a cruiser. 
• Willingness to Learn : Good crew members are willing to learn and to take an active role in all aspects of running the yacht.
• Attentive : Diligent crew listen to the instructions carefully and ask questions if they do not understand anything.
• Working As a Team : All members of the crew must remember that they are part of a team. A happy gathering in the cockpit at the end of the passage is an indicator that each member of the crew has done their job.

Peter is the editor of Better Sailing. He has sailed for countless hours and has maintained his own boats and sailboats for years. After years of trial and error, he decided to start this website to share the knowledge.

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How does Crewseekers work?

It's free for yacht owners to post their sailing opportunities, and potential crew members can view all of these published sailing opportunities for free – but to make contact with the yacht owner and to register your details with us you need to join Crewseekers.

Looking for a Sailing Opportunity?

Whether you are looking to:

• Build your experience and sailing miles
• Join local sailing trips with like-minded sailors
• Crew on offshore and ocean sailing passages
• Join racing yacht crews
• Share sailing holidays
• Find professional sailing work 
• Crew on yacht deliveries

We have yacht crewing opportunities available for you.  Simply search through our sailing opportunities to find what you're looking for. 

It’s free to view all of our sailing opportunities.   To make contact with the yacht owner and join their crew, you must register as a member of Crewseekers.  Membership costs from £75 for 6 months and gives you unlimited access to all of our sailing opportunities. Once you have registered you can create your own personal sailing profile and share this with yacht owners when you are applying to join them as crew.

Sailing opportunities are listed with a variety of crew contributions – some are looking for a shared contribution of daily onboard expenses, some are looking for no contribution, some may pay your travel expenses, and then there are professional listings where a fee is paid to the crew – see our feature on Crew Contributions for more information.

Listed on our separate Crewseekers Directory are commercial sailing opportunities – charters, training, holidays, etc. – and you can access all of these without becoming a member.

Find the sailing opportunity you are interested in, contact the yacht owner and express your interest in that sailing opportunity and go sailing!

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Looking for Crew?

It's free for yacht owners to register and post their sailing opportunities.  

You can use Crewseekers to find amateur and professional crew for all of your short or long term sailing voyages; whether it’s more hands for local sailing, watchkeepers for an offshore voyage, long-term crew for an extended trip, or a professional sailing vacancy we can help.

To post a sailing opportunity, simply upload a boat picture and your text. Your sailing opportunity is checked by us then appears on the website, as well as on our Facebook and Twitter pages.

Crewseekers’ members will contact you directly to express interest in your sailing opportunity and to invite you to view their sailing profile. You can post both amateur and professional sailing opportunities, and if you wish you can boost the prominence of your post for a small charge.

Amateur sailing opportunities are accepted on the basis that crew contributions (if any) are for a reasonable share of daily expenses only. For further information on contributions see our article Crew Contributions .

Commercial sailing opportunities, i.e. those that charge a commercial rate for other people to join you aboard, can only be posted on our separate Crewseekers Directory section. 

POST SAILING OPPORTUNITY

Crewseekers acts as an introducer only and does not warrant the skills of skippers or crews, or the suitability of vessels or equipment for any proposed voyages – further information is available in our FAQs and Advice sections.

We are not an employment or crew matching service and we do not operate a database that you can add your CV to for yacht owners to search through. It’s up to the crew to find the sailing opportunity that they are interested in and to reply to the yacht owner to express their interest.

we love sailing as much as you do

Crewseekers is run by experienced, professional sailors offering a friendly and helpful service to yacht crew and owners. We are the original yacht crew introduction agency – established for over 25 years, offering amateur and professional sailing opportunities throughout the world.

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Offshore Passage Opportunities is the #1 Crew Networking Service in North America. OPO has helped thousands of sailors meet and make successful passages since 1993.

Our mission is to seek, gather and create quality offshore passage opportunities for our members..

Offshore Passage Opportunities offers three services all focused around matching experienced crew with qualified skippers -- and helping those who seek more sailing experience to safely acquire it.

Experienced Crew Seeking Quality Passage Opportunities

Your membership connects you with trusted owners and skippers looking for experienced crew. You sail for free since you're helping to move a boat. Some voyages require sea miles with solo, night watch capabilities while others simply need bodies to stand watch.

• To Newport RI on a Bristol 477
• To Bermuda on a Bristol 35.5
• To Annapolis, Maryland on a Aura 51
• To Abacos, Bahamas on a Jeanneau 46
• To New York City on a Catalina 315

If you're interested or qualified for some of the posted opportunities, then that is a good indication you should join now.

Sailors Seeking Additional Offshore Experience

Our Swan Program was designed to help knowledgeable sailors gain the blue water, offshore miles required to crew on any boat.

You pay to crew for a very experienced skipper on a proven boat who will push your comfort zone. You'll learn:

• Offshore Sailing Strategy
• Route Planning
• Important Safety Tips
• How to Stand Watch
• How Systems Work
• What it Takes to Crew

After one or two Swan voyages, you'll be ready to crew on virtually any offshore passage.

Skippers Seeking Experienced Offshore Crew

We help boat owners and delivery skippers find qualified, experienced crew. Some skippers look for crew in advance while others need crew on short notice. Once you " Request Crew " you'll know within 24 to 48 hours if we can help. Some skippers accept friendly, less experienced crew who are able and willing.

This service is free to boat owners and delivery skippers. All you need to do is:

• Complete our " Request Crew "
• Answer any OPO questions
• Thoughtfully vet crew inquiries
• Select your crew
• Have a great trip

We welcome inquiries from owners and skippers we know--and those we have yet to meet.

Delivery skippers and private boat owners quickly realize their friends and family have jobs and cannot always sail with them. So they call us looking for crew. We collect their information and pass it on to our members to help them get aboard. Since you are helping to deliver a boat, you get to go sailing for free. Many are repeat skippers or members so we pre-qualify a majority of the opportunities for you.

We're providing a unique opportunity to sail across the Atlantic on either a catamaran or a monohull this spring. OPO has been offering quality professionally captained offshore passage opportunities for 25 years. This May we have five boats and twenty-eight crew departing May 1, 2024.

Option 1: Bali Catamaran Sint Maarten to Barcelona Spain

• Two-Oceans will depart with our Swan Fleet May 1, 2024 and make a stop in Bermuda. They will then sail to the Azores and finish in Barcelona by May 28.
• Twin bunks are $4,000 each with the master cabin for a couple of two is priced at $7,500. Pricing includes everything except travel and meals/drinks ashore.
• View more at http://twooceanscatamaran.com or see additional information providing an overview and pricing details .

If you are thinking about buying a catamaran, here is a great option to see how they sail offshore.

Option 2: Sail on a Swan 68 to Palma de Mallorca

• We have two berths to sail with Murray Jacob from April 29 to June 7. The price is $5,000 each for an entire month of sailing on a Swan 68.
• If you're seeking offshore experience, this is the ideal opportunity to log some great sea miles. Then, you can join free OPO trips as crew given you'll have the experience many captains require.

If interested, please contact [email protected] .

2024 Caribbean Sailing Events: Join Us

Heineken regatta: february 26 to march 4, 2024.

Our 19th Heineken Regatta Monday, February 26, to Monday, March 4: One week in the sun. One day of practice and four race days. This is the cruising division using white sails. We do not fly a spinnaker. But we do have fun. You can stay aboard the boat (a requirement of the "Island Time" division is to have some crew living aboard) or you can stay ashore in very nice shoreside accommodations with a pool. Up to three members can bring a non-sailing spouse. The crew staying aboard come up to the pool most days for diner and a swim. There is a discounted price for staying aboard and a premium price for staying ashore depending on if you wish the master suite or just a bed. A non-sailing spouse is welcome to join us and stay ashore and enjoy the regatta with us. My wife will be staying ashore and will have a car some days to tour the island. The price includes ground transportation to get between the boat and the villa. We all chip in $200 to start for drinks and meals in the house and on the boat. We take turns cooking in the house and have maid service three times. We often have money left over for the final meal Sunday night after the awards in the Heineken Race Village. Over the years we have perfected a format that works well for all and is priced very well considering you are sailing on a Swan 48 for 5 days and staying in a very nice private villa with a pool overlooking St. Barts. Three of the six bedroom have a private bath while two rooms share bathrooms in a private two-bedroom apartment with kitchen with one bedroom that can sleep three crew. We will all eat in the big dining room up in the main house.

Ocean Pearl (6-bedroom villa): February 26, to March 4 2024

Price to stay on the boat (2 crew in private cabin) $2,250 each (includes car to get to villa to join us for meals and a swim). Stay in the ailla. Shared Bath $2,750 (2 rooms). Private Bath (2 rooms) $3,000 One Master Suite $3,500. Twin Beds in suite $2,500 (2 beds). Rooms with private baths accommodations with king or queen beds and master room can include a spouse for only an extra $500 for the week (plus $200 per person for food). So up to three spouses can join us.

Dominica, PAYS Dominica Yachting Festival: March 20 to April 3, 2024

2nd Annual PAYS Dominica Yachting Festival Arrive SXM (Sint Maarten) March 20 and fly home from SXM Tuesday afternoon, April 2, or Wednesday, April 3. We sail to Dominica Friday, March 22, and will be in Dominica Saturday, March 23, until we leave Sunday, March 31, or the morning of Monday, April 1. Come join us for two weeks sailing from St. Maarten to Dominica where we will spend a full nine days participating in the PAYS Dominica Yachting Festival. Two crew stay aboard the boat with me (Private Cabin) and three or four crew stay ashore at Mango Cottages for our 9 day stay in Dominica. There is a different price for staying ashore since you pay for your accommodations ashore directly to Eddison and Sylvia. We have been stayjng with them for the past eight years during the week. Google "Mango Cottages Dominica" to see more. Cathy has stayed twice and they are comfortable with full baths and internet. We also rent a car to get to and from the house which the crew staying in the house chip in for even though I make the reservations locally for the car. There is a fun race midweek to Mero and back on Thursday, but most of the time we will be in Portsmouth Dominica touring the island and taking part in the organized events of the week. Price for two crew who will stay aboard with me $2,500 per person Price to sail down with us and stay ashore $2,000 plus paying for accommodations. Studio is $92 per night and sharing the house with 2 bedrooms and 2 baths is half of $147 per night. There is a 10% discount since we stay longer than a week and we are repeat guests. There is an option to have a spouse join and stay in the bouse. They can fly down on a direct flight from Miami on American Airlines. I can tell you more if you are interested. 2nd Annual PAYS Dominica Yachting Festival We only have 5 berths for OPO members to sail aboard Avocation . Three of the 5 stay ashore for the 2nd Annual PAYS Dominica Yachting Festival March 23 to March 31. Others are invited to visit by air and stay ashore nearby. If you are fortunate enough to have a boat or friends with a boat in the Caribbean make sure they know about visiting Dominica and in particular joining us for the event this winter. I am writing and article for the Caribbean Compass (which is a free monthly newspaper type publication found all over the Caribbean and online). I will include the article in the January 1st "Notice to OPO Mariners" since it will also be in print by then. New this year is the expansion of the PAYS Model with 10 new moorings in Mero. Mero is a small beach community south of Portsmouth. On Thursday, March 28, of the Festival there will be a race to Mero followed by a party on the beach that afternoon and evening. The next day we sail back to Portsmouth and Toucari Bay for the Street Party Friday night. On Saturday the government usually sponsors a dinner at the Cabrits Fort. PAYS finishes with a Sunday BBQ in the Pavilion Sunday, March 31.

Swan Program: A First Experience with Offshore Sailing

If you've ever considering deepwater sailing but were not sure how to jump start your sailing career, our Swan Program is for you .

Our Swan Program was specifically designed to introduce people to the world of offshore sailing by providing hands-on crew experience under the watchful eye of an professional skipper on a proven boat . During your tenure onboard, you’ll learn to keep watch, make log entries, navigate, use the radio, steer the boat  and perform tasks that are essential to safe offshore sailing. The Swan Program offers a fixed price for everything you’ll need aboard—you just pay for your travel to and from the boat. The Swan Program sails south from New England to Bermuda and the Caribbean in the fall, and north from Bermuda and the Caribbean to New England in the spring. Summer trips are also available.

After your first Swan Program experience, you’ll have the skills to sail on other boats . Please view the video below to learn more.

2024 Swan Program

Dear Sailors,

We like to speak with potential Swan Crew before they sign up for any of the following passages. Please let me know if you have any questions before placing a deposit online or by mailing a check.

A deposit is required for any option.

I am in or near the office most of December and January at 631-423-4988 . E-mail works very well at [email protected]

Once we have agreed you are ready to join us, you can make a deposit online at www.sailopo.com/store or pay by check made out to Offshore Passage Opportunities and mailed to OPO, PO Box 2600, Halesite NY 11743.

Best Regards, Hank Schmitt OPO

2024 Swan Offshore Program Schedule

In 2024, we have distinct options!

• Two-Week Option
• Three-Week Option

Two-Week Option on Swan 48 Avocation or Swan 65 Aurora

St. Maarten to Newport RI - Fly into SXM on Monday, April 29, and travel home from Newport RI Wednesday, May 15. Sail aboard the Swan 48 Avocation or Swan 65 Aurora on this 1,500-mile passage with a two or three day stop in Bermuda. Crew arrives in time to settled aboard and spend two nights and a full day in SXM before we depart Wednesday. The odd midweek dates are to depart before the ARC Europe fleet does, so we arrive in Bermuda and depart Bermuda before they do. They also depart from IGY Marina in St. Maarten. This way we do not have to compete with them for attention in Bermuda. The passage gets split into two legs with the Bermuda layover. You get to apply what you learned on the first leg right away on this more challenging 2nd leg where you will cross the Gulf Stream into cooler waters. This is a great way to reinforce what you learned the first leg and improve on it. If you wish to join the crew of Avocation or Aurora, please send me an e-mail and we can discuss your joining us for the trip. The cost for the passage is $4,500 which includes everything except your travel to and from the boat. It includes all onboard food, fuel, dockage, head tax and even towels and linen. It does not include travel to and from the boat and any meals and drinks ashore. Once we have agreed that you will be okay to join us we ask for a $2,000 deposit now and the balance is due 45 days before the passage . You can pay a deposit online at www.sailopo.com/store or by mailing a check. We prefer checks since it saves us credit card fees. Please make check out to Offshore Passage Opportunities and mail to OPO, PO Box 2600, Halesite NY 11743.

Three-Week Option on Swan 68 Aphrodite with Murray Jacob

Final details by January, 2024. Fly into SXM on Monday, April 29, and fly home from Spain (we are still working on final details but think the boat will go back to Palma Mallorca). Sail with Murray Jacob sailing the Swan 68 Aphrodite from St. Maarten to Mallorca, Spain departing about the same time as the other two Swans. First stop may also include Bermuda weather dependent. A stop in Horta in the Azores is another usual stop before going through the Straights of Gibraltar and ending the passage in Spain. If you wish to join Murray, please send me an e-mail and we can make sure you are ready for the Trans-Atlantic Crossing. The cost for the passage is $5,500 which includes everything except your travel to and from the boat. It includes all onboard food, fuel, dockage, head tax and even towels and linen. It does not include travel to and from the boat and any meals and drinks ashore. Once we have agreed that you will be okay to join us we ask for a $2,000 deposit now and the balance is due 45 days before the passage . You can pay a deposit online at www.sailopo.com/store or by mailing a check. We prefer checks since it saves us credit card fees. Please make check out to Offshore Passage Opportunities and mail to OPO, PO Box 2600, Halesite NY 11743.

2023 was the 24th and Last NARC Rally

For a recap from participant Charlie Doane who is the only NAR Rally boat that ended in Antigua rather than St. Maarten you can go to his blog at https://wavetrain.net/

It was another interesting year as it was the second passing of the torch on to the Salty Dawg Sailing Association. There were ten boats in the NARC Rally this year and fifteen boats in the Salty Dawg Rally contingent departing with the NARC out of Newport, RI. As you can read in Charlie's blog, five boats, including one NARC Rally boat, left one day early for Bermuda. All the other NARC boats left on time Saturday October 28. The bulk of the Salty Dawg Fleet delayed several days and did not stop in Bermuda. The debate about making Bermuda highly recommended stopover to break up the 1,500 miles passage rather than a bail-out option continues. Bypassing less expensive provisioning options and superior repair marine services in SXM is a disservice to education first timers to the Caribbean.

We will continue to promote sailing south in a Rally. The Salty Dawg Rally is the only option for next season. We are happy to help them with our contact in Newport or in Bermuda or in St. Maarten if they wish. No reason to not put 25 years' experience sailing the route to good use. I am happy to help answer any question for anyone who is planning to sail south with a stop in Bermuda and with contact in SXM.

Sincerely, Hank Schmitt OPO

Tips from the Pros: Watch Hank in Action

Hank Schmitt is profiled in the several episodes of a new series entitled " Tips from the Pros ." Regardless how long you have been sailing, you will learn something new by watching Hank share some of his techniques based upon decades of sailing.

Please contact Hank with any comments and feedback!

Hank Schmitt provides an overview of Offshore Passage Opportunities to the Blue Water Sailing Club , complete with Q & A.

The discussion shares how you can learn to sail offshore, how OPO has helped countless sailors gain blue water experience, and the benefits of crewing on a boat delivery. Importantly, Hank also discusses the Swan Program, the annual NARC Rally (North American Rally to Caribbean) and other rallies. Enjoy!

Swan Program

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Massimiliano cusimano.

• Gender: male
• Ocean/Coastal Miles: 1000/15000
• Years Sailing: 10+
• Nationality: Italy

Lesley Woodward

• Gender: female
• Ocean/Coastal Miles: 25000/3000
• Years Sailing: 4 to 9
• Nationality: United Kingdom

Bernat Casasnovas

• Ocean/Coastal Miles: 1000/7000
• Nationality: Spain

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• When: July 09, 2024 - July 20, 2024
• Where: France to Lorient of France
• With: Volvo 60, 19.812m, Sail, Monohull
• Voyage Cost: voyage cost
• Posted by: Valdo DHOYER, January 04, 2024
• When: September 01, 2024 - September 30, 2024
• Where: France to Lanzarote of Spain
• With: Bavaria 38 CC, 11.5824m, Sail, Monohull
• Voyage Cost: daily contribution from crew
• Posted by: Tilmann Gabriel, February 02, 2024
• When: August 01, 2024 - August 14, 2024
• Where: Madeira to Las Palmas of Canary Islands
• With: Hanse 385, 12m, Sail, Monohull
• Voyage Cost: expenses shared equally
• Posted by: Sonia Johal, January 11, 2024

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‍ The One-Person Dinghy: It’s All on You

You could argue that sailing, at its most basic, boils down to one sailor, a handful of lines, and a tiller against the breeze and water. Perhaps it would be a ridiculous argument, as sailing has always relied on people working together, but there is something to seeing who can go out there and be the one to make it work the best. When all the responsibilities for every inch of the boat fall on one person, it is interesting to see who has everything in sync the best. There is no specific title for this position, but I suppose you could call them

The Single-Handed Sailor

There are fundamentally three aspects to sailboat racing: boat speed, boat handling, and tactics. The single-handed sailor has to excel in each dimension. The best case study for a single-handed boat is the ILCA Dingy, once known as the Laser, but other notable racers include the Opti, Finn, RS Aero, Moth, and Wazsp classes.  

Boat speed comes down to trimming the sails properly for the angle to the wind. This means adjusting not only how far in and out the sail is, but also tuning specific control lines to give the sail the ideal shape for wind strength and direction. Making micro-adjustments to sail trim while dealing with all the other aspects of the race may not seem like much, but they can make the difference between winning and falling behind. While on larger boats there are entire positions dedicated to this, the single-handed sailor has to deal with this the whole time.

Other factors in boat speed concern steering through the wind shifts and wave sequences properly and keeping the boat flat by hiking out. This often includes being able to shift weight in precise ways to keep the boat optimally balanced and cutting through the waves.

Boat Handling

While boat speed forms the basis of all sailing, it is also crucial to know how to maneuver the boat through course changes. Windows in sailing races are small, and being able to get a boat into a lane is often a fraught affair. Having the confidence to trim the sails properly and maneuver sharply while still maintaining speed is a huge boost to a racer. Turning points at marks or directional switches while tacking and gybing are where many of the gains in a race come, and a clean tack coming into the top mark on port can mean the difference between leading the fleet and having to duck behind a parade of 30 boats. Being able to put on the brakes and accelerate quickly is key in tight spaces along the start line, and is a weapon for the best sailors.

Singlehanded racers have total control over their boat handling. Changes in direction come down to perfect synchronization of sail trim, steering, and body weight, and the single-handed sailor has to account for how every single adjustment affects these maneuvers. Some of the best boat handlers grow up racing single-handed boats; the feel developed sailing solo is hard to beat but requires years of fine-tuning and muscle memory.

All the speed and maneuverability in the world does not do much if you don’t know where to put the boat. Like any sport, the fundamentals are simple, but becoming a master takes a lifetime. The single-handed sailor must hold the entire course, the regularity of the wind shifts, the tendencies of the current, the positions of the other sailors, and their own plans in the front of their minds while pushing the boat as hard as possible.

While this is no place to discuss the intricacies of upwind tactics or the fastest lines on a downwind in different boats, the singlehanded sailor has to be able to think and make decisions tactically then execute those decisions themselves. This is such a large task that bigger boats will often have someone whose entire job is just to call breeze and tactics.

The single-handed sailor is without a doubt a jack-of-all-trades. We will discuss various terms for different crew-members on bigger boats, and while you could use the terms ‘skipper’ or ‘driver’ for the single-handed sailor, this does not quite say it all, so we save these positions for the bigger boats. We will not explicitly break the other boats down by who is in charge of boat speed, boat handling, and tactics, but roles can generally sort into various levels of responsibility for these categories.  

The Two-Person Racer: The Best (or worst) Way to Get to Know Another Person

On a two-person boat, of which common examples include the various 420 classes, the Olympic Classes (470, 49er, Nacra 17) among many others, responsibilities are slightly split, but this distribution comes with the tradeoff of greatly increased complexity and coordination requirements. Double-handed boats tend to have at least two, and often three, sails, require more involved tuning, move much faster, and occasionally require single or double trapezing. The very best doublehanded pairings move as one, but this type of coordination requires both sailors to have an intimate knowledge of their role and the dynamic balance of the boat. Without further ado, the common positions:

The Skipper (Driver)

The skipper of the boat steers the boat. On different types of boats, they have different trimming and setting responsibilities, most often including the mainsheet--though the 49er is a notable exception. You can call them either a skipper or a driver, but you rarely say that ‘you skipper;’ instead, you would say that ‘you drive,’ so the latter term has begun to stick as the position as well.

As they are the person driving the boat, the driver tends to make the final tactical decision. They do this in collaboration with the crew, who is often going to be feeding information about the course and competitors to the driver, but the final decision comes down to the person holding the stick (forgive the vernacular, if you may).

Different double-handed teams often have different dynamics. In some, the driver will primarily be focused on tactics, while the crew has to keep their head in the boat making it go fast, while in others the skipper lets the crew make such calls while focusing on the breeze right in front of them, it all depends. Boat handling requires nigh on perfect coordination, and skippers must keep their crews alerted to any upcoming maneuvers.  

The unsung heroes of many a double-handed pairing, a good driver can sail well with an ok crew, but a crack crew can take a skipper with some potential to the top of the fleet.

Responsible for trimming the headsail and setting and managing the spinnaker on boats that carry them, the crew’s primary roles is to keep the boat going fast. They often can make the small sail trim and control adjustments that the driver cannot. Especially upwind, the crew scans the course for new breeze, other boats, lay lines, and any information that the skipper could need to make the best decisions possible.

A good way to consider some, but not all, skipper-crew relationships is that the crew can get all the micro-considerations out of the way so that the skipper can focus on the big picture. The small picture adjustments in terms of sail control and angle of heel keep the boat moving and the skipper zippered into the feel of the course. In turn, this allows the skipper to plan ahead and keep the crew involved in decision making, making sure that they don’t screw their crew with a crash tack or sudden gybe.

Still, on some teams, the crew makes all of the outside the boat decisions while the driver just drives the boat as fast as they can. This often works with spacier skippers, of which there are many, and highlights the value of a strong-willed crew. Crews are often on-the-water coaches for high-strung skippers and are key to the success of a team. On more athletic boats, a crew can crucially contribute to boat speed and handling through trimming, ooching, and body-weight adjustments.

All of this is to say that a crew, both as a single person on a double-handed boat and as an ensemble on larger boats, is never to be considered an accessory to the skipper, but are crucial parts of a competitive racing team.

The Three or Four Person Boat: I Thought That Was Your Job!

Having outlined the general dynamics of a skipper-crew pairing, it is not particularly helpful to discuss exact boat setups and interactions. From here, we will provide terms and positions with general roles. These are all subject to change, but once you reach boats of three or more people, roles become highly specialized, as boats of this size begin to get complex enough that you cannot do everything on your own. Let’s run through the general roles that must be filled on boats of up to four, with the knowledge that these can be switched around and combined depending on skill, boat setup, and breeze.

Things change yet they stay ever the same. The bigger the boat, the more boat the driver has to deal with, but the role does not fundamentally change. The driver still has their hand on the stick, and, despite the best attempts of various crewmembers, still is the final decision maker on the boat. Sometimes they will trim the mainsheet as well, but other times they will leave this to a member of the crew

The bigger the boat, the less running around the skipper does and the more focused they are on sailing the perfect line through the fleet. Even their ability to scan the course and make tactical evaluations wanes on the bigger boats, as they must put more trust in their crews to make the right reads. They are still ultimately responsible for putting the boat in the right spot, but they are ultimately unable to control everything that is happening on the boat.

Debatably the easiest analog to the crew on a double-handed boat, the bow is, if nothing else, the most likely person on the boat to get soaking wet. Sitting the farthest forward, they are occasionally responsible for trimming the jib--particularly on three-person boats--but primarily have to deal with setting the spinnaker and dealing with front-of-boat controls.

They can play a role calling tactics, breeze, and other boats, but because they are so often busy with the chaos of boat handling in crucial spots and are often far away from the skipper, they mostly need to focus on their role setting the chute and managing the complications near the front of the boat.

Trimmer/Tactician

Often sitting at the hip of the skipper, different boats have different assignments for their trimmers, which can range from main-trimming across the whole course to only touching the spinnaker off the breeze to controlling the jib instead of the bow. Regardless of the particulars, they need to make the adjustments that keep the boat moving fast, and need to be continually in sync with how the skipper wants to sail.

The person in this position is often responsible for communicating details about the course and from the rest of the crew to the driver. Their role gives them more time to look around and make fine adjustments, rather than having a continuous responsibility, so they are in the perfect position to survey the information at hand and collaborate with the skipper on decision making.

On three-person boats, this is generally one person playing both roles in active collaboration with a driver. On certain four-person boats, this can lead to two trimmers who alternate between calling tactics and trimming different sails depending on the leg. Other times, this role is fully bifurcated, with one person trimming and another entirely responsible for looking around and making calls, with only a menial role controlling the sails, but this looks different on every team.

While Nascar has its pit crews, beginning at four-person boats, sailing just has its pit person. As boats get bigger, sails and various lines are more prone to twists, knots, and the generalized snarls that give sailors across the world excuses to flex their famous propensity for swearing.

The pit is responsible for eliminating, or at least minimizing, these disasters via preventative prep. They do not have a conventional job trimming sails, per se, but they are the ones who make sure that everyone else can the sails set cleanly. They prefeed sheets, ‘run the tapes’ on off-the-breeze sails to make sure they aren’t twisted and are notorious neat freaks. They often are responsible for raising and lowering sails around mark roundings; these events are almost always chaotic and never go according to plan, so it is the pit who has to coordinate the chaos as much as possible and clean up the mess in time for the next explosion. Unheralded, often stuck below decks, the pit can be the difference between a boat running smoothly and a stream of curses over a huge gash in a thousand dollar spinnaker.

Now This Is Getting Ridiculous: The Road to Specialization

As of this point, we have covered the key roles on just about any sized boat. As you get to bigger and more specialized boats, the situations will call for more and more crew members doing increasingly focused work. While having talented sailors on a larger boat is no less important than having them on a smaller dinghy, there are simply not that many parts that have to be moving all the time to fully occupy more than a few people at a time.

Still, when they are needed, during gybes, mark roundings, sets, and douses, these extra crew members are crucial. On certain boats, there is an entire position dedicated to trimming the twings during gybes; the position is only slightly more serious than the sound of the ropes. Still, the other crew members are so busy during the gybes that they need the extra pair of hands. Furthermore, having a sharp sailor in a position like that ensures another pair of eyes and hands to spot problems and step in if needed. Knowledge and quick action are unlikely to go unappreciated on any boat, even if it is only in a very specific setting.

There is, however, one more term for extra crew members on boats of this size, and it is distinctly unspecialized: meet the ‘rail meat.’ On sufficiently big boats, where heeling is slow but a fact of life, every now and then you just need a big ole guy to sit on the edge and hang out to windward. A flat boat is a fast boat, and sometimes you just need someone hanging out over the rail, skilled and mobile or not.

Finally, on high-performance boats, like America’s Cup boats or the new-fangled SailGP league, rail meat is replaced by ‘grinders,’ who specialize in turning hydraulic cranks like they’re in a CrossFit gym. Sometimes drawn from other sports, famously including rugby players on New Zealand’s America’s Cup team, grinders may not have the tactical acumen to step into a single-handed boat and win the day, but they are key pieces to winning teams and are no less a sailor than anyone else.

Hopefully, next time you go down to the water and someone tells you they need someone to run their bow, this has done enough for you to know exactly what you’ve gotten yourself into! Happy sailing!

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I have been sailing since I was 7 years old. Since then I've been a US sailing certified instructor for over 8 years, raced at every level of one-design and college sailing in fleet, team, and match racing, and love sharing my knowledge of sailing with others!

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21 crew members are still stuck aboard the ship that hit the Baltimore bridge

I t’s been roughly seven weeks since Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge collapsed, but nearly two dozen sailors remain on the cargo ship responsible for the disaster. The Dali was finally unstuck on Monday from a giant piece of bridge that fell on the ship’s bow . However, the BBC reports that 21 Indian and Sri Lankan sailors are trapped onboard for different reasons.

The crew members reportedly need to stay on board due to visa restrictions, a lack of shore passes, and two ongoing investigations from the FBI and National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Furthermore, authorities say the crew is keeping busy by continuing to operate the large cargo vessel. In the last two months, these 21 sailors have witnessed a bridge collapse onto them, dead bodies pulled from the Patapsco River, and a controlled explosion just off the front of their ship.

On Monday, authorities freed the Dali from an enormous cage of metal and pavement that’s been resting on the ship for seven weeks through small explosions. The procedure is called “precision cutting,” using small charges to split the portion of the collapsed bridge into more manageable sections. The BBC reports that Dali’s crew was required to remain below deck in the ship’s hull with a fire crew at the ready.

“They’re part of the ship. They are necessary to keep the ship staffed and operational,” said U.S. Coast Guard Admiral Shannon Gilreath to the BBC. “They’re the best responders on board the ship themselves.”

On board, the report describes “a sad situation” where sailors have had their mobile phones confiscated as part of an FBI investigation. The head of a non-profit organization that protects the rights of mariners tells the BBC that crew members have been unable to pay bills or send funds home to their families. The crew was reportedly given SIM cards and burner phones without data included, but many of them don’t have anyone’s contact information.

“While some crew members are coping, morale has understandably dipped,” according to a joint statement from the Singapore Maritime Officers’ Union and the Singapore Organisation of Seamen earlier this week. The statement details that crew members have been under “emotional distress.”

Authorities have reportedly been shipping ample amounts of food and supplies on board for the 21 crew members. There were originally 23 members on the Dali, but it seems two were able to deboard. The remaining crew has also received care packages from various community groups and private individuals, including batches of Indian snacks, handmade quilts, and puzzles.

Some crew members worry they’ll be held personally responsible for the disaster. A preliminary NTSB report found that two electrical blackouts disabled equipment ahead of the incident. The day before, the Dali reportedly experienced another outage. The report details that the boat’s pilot made a call by very high-frequency (VHF) marine radio to warn all waterborne traffic just minutes before the crash.

Darrel Wilson, spokesperson for Synergy Marine, the Dali’s Singapore-based management company told the BBC he was unable to provide a timeline for the crew to disembark the ship at this time. Once the ship has been fully refloated, tugboats will pull the Dali to a Baltimore port. There, it’s expected the ship will remain docked for several weeks for repairs, while the men will stay on the ship “for the foreseeable future.”

A version of this article originally appeared on Gizmodo .

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Remember the ship that crashed into the Baltimore bridge? The crew are still on board

21 people aboard the dali ship, motionless for more than 50 days, are vital to investigations, officials say.

Controlled explosions set off on collapsed Baltimore bridge during cleanup

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The cargo ship Dali experienced electrical blackouts about 10 hours before leaving the Port of Baltimore and yet again shortly before it slammed into the Francis Key Bridge and killed six construction workers, federal investigators said Tuesday, providing the most detailed account yet of the tragedy.

The first power outage occurred after a crew member mistakenly closed an exhaust damper while conducting maintenance, causing one of the ship's diesel engines to stall, investigators with the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) said in their preliminary report.

Shortly after leaving Baltimore early on March 26, the ship crashed into one of the bridge's supporting columns because another power outage caused it to lose steering and propulsion at the exact worst moment.

The report provides new details about how the ship's crew addressed the power issues it experienced while still docked in Baltimore.

A full investigation could take a year or more, according to the safety board. Meanwhile, the FBI has opened an investigation to see if any criminal charges are warranted.

A 21-member crew of Indian and Sri Lankan men has spent the last 50 days confined to the hulking and motionless cargo vessel, with their phones seized by investigators.

Darrell Wilson, a spokesperson for Synergy Marine, the Dali's Singapore-based management company, said earlier this week the men will remain on the ship "for the foreseeable future" as the crash investigations continue.

Wilson said crewmembers have stayed busy, focused on the many tasks of running a large cargo vessel. They've also participated in the ongoing federal investigation and assisted with salvage operations of the collapsed bridge.

• Could tugboats have prevented the Baltimore bridge collapse? They would have helped, experts say
• Biden visits wreckage site as search recovers another body

While the men have been given new phones, the old ones contained their contacts, family photos and banking apps for transferring money.

Significant power issues, but not at previous ports

According to the preliminary NTSB report, tests of the ship's fuel did not reveal any concerns related to its quality.

The Dali was headed from Baltimore to Sri Lanka, laden with shipping containers and enough supplies for a month-long voyage. It arrived in the U.S. from Singapore on March 19, and investigators said they were not aware of any power outages occurring in previous stops made at ports in Newark, N.J., and Norfolk, Va.

After the initial blackout caused by the closed exhaust damper, investigators say a backup generator automatically came on. It continued to run for a short period — until insufficient fuel pressure caused it to kick off again, resulting in a second blackout. That's when crew members made changes to the ship's electrical configuration, switching from one transformer and breaker system that had been in use for several months to another that was active upon its departure, according to the report.

Up close to the Baltimore bridge collapse wreckage

Investigators stopped short of drawing a direct line between those earlier power issues and the blackout that ultimately caused the bridge collapse.

"The NTSB is still investigating the electrical configuration following the first in-port blackout and potential impacts on the events during the accident voyage," investigators wrote.

They said they're working with Hyundai, the manufacturer of the ship's electrical system, to "identify the cause(s) of the breakers unexpectedly opening while approaching the Key Bridge and the subsequent blackouts."

2 people escape death in chaotic moments: report

The preliminary report details the chaotic moments prior to the bridge collapse while crew members scrambled to address a series of electrical failures that came in quick succession as disaster loomed.

At 1:25 a.m. local time on March 26, when the Dali was a little over half a mile away from the bridge, electrical breakers that fed most of the ship's equipment and lighting unexpectedly tripped, causing a power loss. The main propulsion diesel engine automatically shut down after its cooling pumps lost power, and the ship lost steering.

How protected are Canadian bridges from collisions?

Crew members were able to momentarily restore electricity by manually closing the tripped breakers, the report says.

Around that time, the ship's pilots called for tugboats to come help guide the wayward vessel. The tugboats that guided it out of the port had peeled off earlier per normal practice, according to the report. Crew members also started the process of dropping anchor.

The ship was less than a quarter of a mile from the bridge when it experienced a second power blackout because of more tripped breakers, according to the report. The crew again restored power, but it was too late to avoid striking the bridge.

One of the pilots ordered the rudder turned at the last minute, but since the main engine remained shut down, there was no propulsion to assist with steering, the report says. They also made a mayday call that allowed police to stop traffic to the bridge.

At 1:29 a.m., the 2.6-kilometre steel span came crashing down into the Patapsco River. The construction workers were sitting in their vehicles during a break when disaster struck.

The last of the victims' bodies was recovered last week.

One member of the seven-person roadwork crew survived the collapse by somehow freeing himself from his work truck. He was rescued from the water later that morning. A road maintenance inspector also survived by running to safety in the moments before the bridge fell.

On Monday, crews conducted a controlled demolition to break down the largest remaining span of the collapsed bridge, which landed draped across the Dali's bow. The ship is expected to be guided back to the Port of Baltimore in the coming days.

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21 crew members are still stuck aboard the ship that hit the Baltimore bridge

The men need to stay on board due to visa restrictions, a lack of shore passes, and two ongoing investigations.

It’s been roughly seven weeks since Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge collapsed, but nearly two dozen sailors remain on the cargo ship responsible for the disaster. The Dali was finally unstuck on Monday from a giant piece of bridge that fell on the ship’s bow . However, the BBC reports that 21 Indian and Sri Lankan sailors are trapped onboard for different reasons.

Related Content

The crew members reportedly need to stay on board due to visa restrictions, a lack of shore passes, and two ongoing investigations from the FBI and National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Furthermore, authorities say the crew is keeping busy by continuing to operate the large cargo vessel. In the last two months, these 21 sailors have witnessed a bridge collapse onto them, dead bodies pulled from the Patapsco River, and a controlled explosion just off the front of their ship.

On Monday, authorities freed the Dali from an enormous cage of metal and pavement that’s been resting on the ship for seven weeks through small explosions. The procedure is called “precision cutting,” using small charges to split the portion of the collapsed bridge into more manageable sections. The BBC reports that Dali’s crew was required to remain below deck in the ship’s hull with a fire crew at the ready.

“They’re part of the ship. They are necessary to keep the ship staffed and operational,” said U.S. Coast Guard Admiral Shannon Gilreath to the BBC. “They’re the best responders on board the ship themselves.”

On board, the report describes “a sad situation” where sailors have had their mobile phones confiscated as part of an FBI investigation. The head of a non-profit organization that protects the rights of mariners tells the BBC that crew members have been unable to pay bills or send funds home to their families. The crew was reportedly given SIM cards and burner phones without data included, but many of them don’t have anyone’s contact information.

“While some crew members are coping, morale has understandably dipped,” according to a joint statement from the Singapore Maritime Officers’ Union and the Singapore Organisation of Seamen earlier this week. The statement details that crew members have been under “emotional distress.”

Authorities have reportedly been shipping ample amounts of food and supplies on board for the 21 crew members. There were originally 23 members on the Dali, but it seems two were able to deboard. The remaining crew has also received care packages from various community groups and private individuals, including batches of Indian snacks, handmade quilts, and puzzles.

Some crew members worry they’ll be held personally responsible for the disaster. A preliminary NTSB report found that two electrical blackouts disabled equipment ahead of the incident. The day before, the Dali reportedly experienced another outage. The report details that the boat’s pilot made a call by very high-frequency (VHF) marine radio to warn all waterborne traffic just minutes before the crash.

Darrel Wilson, spokesperson for Synergy Marine, the Dali’s Singapore-based management company told the BBC he was unable to provide a timeline for the crew to disembark the ship at this time. Once the ship has been fully refloated, tugboats will pull the Dali to a Baltimore port. There, it’s expected the ship will remain docked for several weeks for repairs, while the men will stay on the ship “for the foreseeable future.”

A version of this article originally appeared on Gizmodo .

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As work continues to remove cargo ship from collapsed Baltimore bridge, what about its crew?

Crews have conducted a controlled demolition to break down the largest remaining span of the collapsed Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore. The demolition Monday marks a major step in freeing the grounded Dali container ship (AP video: Nathan Ellgren)

Explosive charges are detonated to bring down sections of the collapsed Francis Scott Key Bridge resting on the container ship Dali on Monday, May 13, 2024, in Baltimore. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein)

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A crew of Indian and Sri Lankan men has spent the last 49 days confined to a hulking and motionless cargo vessel in Baltimore, its bow pinned by what’s left of the shattered bridge it struck .

Demolition crews set off explosives Monday to push broken bridge trusses away from the grounded Dali container ship, which lost power and struck one of the columns of the Francis Scott Key Bridge on March 26, causing the entire structure to collapse. But even as the ship moves closer to freedom, the crew’s future remains an open question.

The 21 crewmen are still on board. They’ve had their phones seized by investigators. And bodies of the six construction workers who were fixing potholes on the bridge when it collapsed have been pulled from the water around them.

Some worry they’ll be held personally liable for the disaster.

“While some crew members are coping, morale has understandably dipped,” two unions representing the seafarers said in a statement.

Here’s what we know about the Dali’s crew, what they’ve been doing and what their concerns are:

WHAT HAVE THEY BEEN DOING?

The Rev. Mark Nestlehutt, president and executive director of the New York-based Seamen’s Church Institute, said he and others boarded the Dali about a week after the crash to provide a “compassionate ear” to the crew.

“Everybody was trying to make the best out of a tragic situation,” Nestlehutt said. “At that point, the only real question for the seafarers was when they might be able to go home.”

Food has not been a concern. The Dali was well-stocked for what was supposed to be a long voyage, while additional food has been brought onboard as well, said Darrell Wilson, a spokesperson for Synergy Marine, the Dali’s Singapore-based management company.

Crewmembers have stayed busy, focused on the many tasks of running a large cargo vessel. They’ve also participated in the ongoing federal investigation into the crash and assisted with salvage operations of the collapsed bridge.

They’ve received visits from unions and religious groups. Most of the crew are Hindu, Nestlehutt said, but others are Muslim and Christian.

Bishop Adam J. Parker from the Baltimore Archdiocese visited the ship in early May and held mass with three Roman Catholic crew members in a small office, said Andrew Middleton, director of the archdiocese’s Apostleship of the Sea.

Middleton said they also passed along care packages, including from a stranger in Minnesota, that had candy, socks and puzzles, among other things.

WHAT ARE THEIR CONCERNS?

Crewmembers have expressed concerns about their phones being seized by federal investigators, Nestlehutt said.

Wilson said the phones have been replaced with new ones, and Synergy Marine said in a statement in early April that the crew had unlimited use of the ship’s satellite communications to stay in touch with family.

But Nestlehutt and unions say the new phones lack the important personal information that’s on the old phones, such as contacts, family photos and banking apps for transferring money back home to their families.

The two unions representing crew members, the Singapore Maritime Officers’ Union and the Singapore Organisation of Seamen, called for the “swift return” the phones in a statement.

The unions said the men also suffered emotional distress from witnessing the crash and have an “unfounded fear of personal criminal liability.”

“The criminalisation of seafarers based solely on their position on board a vessel during an incident is a growing concern,” said Mary Liew, general secretary for the officers’ union.

Nestlehutt also said the crewmen are concerned that continuing to be detained on the ship could imperil future visas to the U.S. or for the crewmembers’ children.

WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD?

The Dali is currently scheduled to be refloated during high tide on Tuesday, officials said over the weekend. They said several tugboats will be used to guide the ship to a nearby terminal in the Port of Baltimore, where it will likely remain for a few weeks and undergo temporary repairs before being moved to a shipyard for more substantial repairs.

Wilson said the men will remain on the ship “for the foreseeable future” as investigations into the crash continue.

“Nobody knows that ship better than the crew,” he said. “So they are instrumental in helping with the salvage operation as well as the investigation process.”

Nestlehutt said 1.6 million people work as seafarers on cargo vessels — an invisible workforce.

“This is maybe a chance to appreciate what seafarers do for us day-in and day-out,” he said. “To make sure that we have the things that we order from Amazon and the cars that we want to drive and the things we want to put on our table.”

Associated Press reporter Lea Skene contributed to this report.

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Ship That Hit Baltimore Bridge Had 2 Electrical Failures Before Departure

A report from the National Transportation Safety Board said crew members had adjusted the electrical configuration of the ship even before it left port.

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By Mike Baker and Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs

In the hours before a wayward cargo ship lost electrical power and knocked down Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge, killing six people, the vessel suffered two blackouts while still in port, according to a preliminary report released on Tuesday.

In a 24-page summary of findings so far, investigators with the National Transportation Safety Board said the Dali cargo vessel had experienced at least two electrical failures on the day before the accident, causing the crew to adjust the configuration of the electrical system about 10 hours before setting out.

The investigators said they were still examining what effect the earlier repairs may have had. But they said it was apparent that the trouble that led to the accident began when the vessel’s electrical circuit breakers tripped, leading to a loss of propulsion and steering capacity.

Read the N.T.S.B.’s Preliminary Report on the Baltimore Bridge Collapse

The 24-page report includes investigators’ initial findings into the collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge after it was struck by a container ship.

Investigators recounted the crew’s desperate efforts to restore electrical power and halt the ship’s drift toward the bridge. They described how one of eight maintenance workers still on the bridge that night managed to sprint to safety moments before the bridge collapsed.

To power the electrical supply, the 947-foot-long vessel had four generators driven by diesel engines. N.T.S.B. investigators tested the fuel being burned at the time of the failure and found no concerns about the quality.

Investigators said the electrical problems in port began when crews were working on an exhaust scrubber system on one of the diesel engines. A worker mistakenly closed an exhaust damper, stalling the engine and shutting off the generator. Workers restored power for a short period using another generator, but insufficient fuel pressure caused an electrical breaker on that generator to trip.

In the process of recovering from the blackouts, the crew switched from using their normal electrical circuit breakers to an alternative set of breakers, which were in use when the ship departed, the N.T.S.B. report found.

The vessel departed the Port of Baltimore around 1 a.m. on March 26 and traveled along a heavily used shipping channel that would take it under the Francis Scott Key Bridge. With all systems appearing to work properly, the senior harbor pilot in charge of the ship handed over control to an apprentice and stood by.

But as the ship approached the bridge, about six-tenths of a mile away, the alternative breakers suddenly tripped at around 1:25 a.m., according to the report, triggering a blackout that knocked out both the propulsion and steering. Crew members reported that the ship’s emergency generator started and that the crew was able to briefly restore electrical power. The senior pilot took control of the ship.

At around 1:27 a.m., after ordering the rudder to turn hard to the port side, the pilot ordered an anchor to be dropped. Around the same time, the ship suffered a second blackout after two more breakers tripped.

The crew was able to restore electrical power but was not able to restore the ship’s propulsion. As the authorities on the bridge rushed to close the bridge to traffic, the vessel drifted and ultimately crashed into one of the bridge’s supports at a little after 1:29 a.m. A crew member said he was releasing the brake on the port anchor as the bridge was already beginning to fall, and had to run to escape it.

Six of the eight construction workers on the bridge were killed. One was able to run to safety. Another plunged into the water in his truck but was able to escape and was rescued by a police boat about 15 minutes later.

Investigators were able to collect the ship’s data and speak with crew members, who all tested negative for alcohol. The F.B.I. has also launched a criminal investigation into the crash.

The accident has spawned questions in the shipping industry about how to better protect against such a disaster at a time when cargo vessels have grown much larger . Transportation officials have been re-examining structural protection systems on bridges, which in some cases are missing or flawed , that are supposed to deflect wayward ships away from bridge piers.

The N.T.S.B. said that along with continuing to investigate the design and operation of the Dali’s power system, it was also looking at whether there were adequate systems in place to protect the piers on the bridge from wayward ships. Its ultimate findings could include recommendations for possible mitigation measures, such as limits on vessel sizes or more extensive use of tugboats.

The cargo ship’s wreckage remains in the water. On Monday evening, crews working to dislodge the Dali set off dozens of small explosives placed around a huge section of bridge that had been blanketing the bow of the ship since the night of the collapse. The operation appeared to send the section of bridge into the water in a giant plume of black smoke. When the wreckage on top of the Dali is cleared, the ship will be refloated and brought back to the port.

Campbell Robertson contributed reporting.

Mike Baker is a national reporter for The Times, based in Seattle. More about Mike Baker

Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs reports on national stories across the United States with a focus on criminal justice. He is from upstate New York. More about Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs

National News | Dali crew still on ship nearly 2 months after…

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National News | Dali crew remain stranded on ship nearly 2 months after Baltimore Key Bridge collapse

The crew, made up of 20 men from India and one from Sri Lanka, were manning the ship when it collided with one of the bridge’s support pillars on March 26, causing the 1.6-mile span to crumble and plunge into the Patapsco River below.

Just seconds earlier, they managed to issue a mayday call, explaining they’d lost power shortly after leaving the Port of Baltimore and could no longer steer the 987-foot vessel.

While first responders managed to stop traffic, they were unable to reach a construction crew doing maintenance on the bridge. Six workers were killed in the crash , which also snarled maritime traffic through the busy Baltimore port.

The Dali’s crew meanwhile was mostly unharmed during the collision, but have not been allowed to leave the container ship and remain stranded onboard seven weeks later — reportedly with no access to cellphones.

A spokesperson for Synergy Marine Group, which manages the ship, told The Independent that the FBI confiscated the crew’s phones during the investigation into the crash, though it’s unclear why the phones were seized.

National Transportation Safety Board Chair Jennifer Homendy acknowledged the amount of time the men have spent on the ship, calling it “unprecedented” while speaking at a House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure hearing on Wednesday. Officials said they’ve been busy maintaining the ship and assisting investigators.

In a preliminary report published earlier this week, the NTSB found the Dali experienced two blackouts the day before it departed from the Port of Baltimore. They were, however, “mechanically distinct” from the two blackouts that happened on March 26, prior to the bridge collapse.

“Two were related to routine maintenance in port,” Homendy said. “Two were unexpected tripping of circuit breakers on the accident voyage.”

The report’s release came a day after demolition teams set off a chain of carefully placed explosives to break down the largest remaining span of the collapsed Key Bridge.

The Dali’s crew remained onboard while the controlled explosion took place, and no injuries or problems were reported, according to Capt. David O’Connell, commander of the Port of Baltimore.

Officials said it marked a major step in freeing the grounded container ship.

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