22' columbia sailboat

COLUMBIA 22 Detailed Review

If you are a boat enthusiast looking to get more information on specs, built, make, etc. of different boats, then here is a complete review of COLUMBIA 22. Built by Columbia Yachts and designed by William Crealock, the boat was first built in 1966. It has a hull type of Fin w/spade rudder and LOA is 6.71. Its sail area/displacement ratio 22.00. Its auxiliary power tank, manufactured by undefined, runs on undefined.

COLUMBIA 22 has retained its value as a result of superior building, a solid reputation, and a devoted owner base. Read on to find out more about COLUMBIA 22 and decide if it is a fit for your boating needs.

Boat Information

Boat specifications, sail boat calculation, rig and sail specs, contributions, who designed the columbia 22.

COLUMBIA 22 was designed by William Crealock.

Who builds COLUMBIA 22?

COLUMBIA 22 is built by Columbia Yachts.

When was COLUMBIA 22 first built?

COLUMBIA 22 was first built in 1966.

How long is COLUMBIA 22?

COLUMBIA 22 is 6.12 m in length.

What is mast height on COLUMBIA 22?

COLUMBIA 22 has a mast height of 7.16 m.

Member Boats at HarborMoor

Columbia 22

The columbia 22 is a 22.0ft masthead sloop designed by william crealock and built in fiberglass by columbia yachts between 1966 and 1972., 1541 units have been built..

The Columbia 22 is a light sailboat which is a very high performer. It is very stable / stiff and has a low righting capability if capsized. It is best suited as a racing boat.

Columbia 22 for sale elsewhere on the web:

Main features

Login or register to personnalize this screen.

You will be able to pin external links of your choice.

See how Sailboatlab works in video

We help you build your own hydraulic steering system - Lecomble & Schmitt

Accommodations

Builder data, modal title.

The content of your modal.

Personalize your sailboat data sheet

Columbia 22

The Columbia 22 was built by Columbia Yachts in the United States from 1966 until 1972, with 1,541 boats completed. A number of boats were sold as kits for amateur construction, under the name of Sailcrafter Custom Yachts.

The Columbia 22 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a slightly raked stem, a nearly-plumb transom, an internally mounted spade-type rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel or optional stub keel and centerboard. The stub keel/centerboard model was only produced in small numbers. It displaces 2,200 lb (998 kg) and carries 1,100 lb (499 kg) of cast iron ballast. Boats built from 1970 and later have different hatch locations and an outboard motor well.

The keel-equipped version of the boat has a draft of 3.17 ft (0.97 m), while the centreboard-equipped version has a draft of 4.83 ft (1.47 m) with the centerboard extended and 2.5 ft (0.76 m) with it retracted, allowing ground transportation on a trailer. The boat is normally fitted with a small 3 to 6 hp (2 to 4 kW) outboard motor.

The design has sleeping accommodation for four people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin, and two straight settees in the main cabin, one combined with the dinette table. The galley is located on the starboard side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is equipped with a stove, ice box and a sink. The optional head is located under the bow cabin "V"-berth. Cabin headroom is 55 in (140 cm).

The design has a PHRF racing average handicap of 186 and a hull speed of 6.0 kn (11.1 km/h).

Source: Wikipedia

LOA: 22.00 ft LWL: 20.08 ft Beam: 7.75 ft Draft: 3.17 ft Displacement: 2200.00 lbs Ballast: 1100.00 lbs Hull type: Fin w/spade rudder Hull construction: FG Rigging type: Masthead Sloop

Columbia 22 for sale in the last 12 months

Below you'll find the latest Columbia 22 listings for the last 12 months. We compare the listing price with boats listed in the past and the color coding indicates if the price is good (green = below the average listing price) or more on the expensive side (red = seller is asking more than the average listing price).

Columbia 22 listing prices over time

Listing details.

• Choose the kind of boat Big boats Motor boats Rubber boats Sailing boats Sailing multihull boats

Columbia Yachts Columbia 22

General Data

Shipbuilder:, see also: boats for sale.

• Brezza 22 Brezza 22
• Thames Marine Invader 22
• Honnor Marine LONGBOAT

Overall length:

Waterline length:, displacement:, straightening:, sail details mq.

• Forums New posts Unanswered threads Register Top Posts Email
• What's new New posts New Posts (legacy) Latest activity New media
• Media New media New comments
• Boat Info Downloads Weekly Quiz Topic FAQ 10000boatnames.com
• Classifieds Sell Your Boat Used Gear for Sale
• Parts General Marine Parts Hunter Beneteau Catalina MacGregor Oday
• Help Terms of Use Monday Mail Subscribe Monday Mail Unsubscribe

Columbia 22 Manual/Blueprints

• Thread starter SJ77GrahamWA
• Start date Aug 24, 2016
• Tags columbia 22
• Brand-Specific Forums

SJ77GrahamWA

We're restoring a 1968 Columbia 22. Interior pretty much gone. Sails shot. But definitely worth saving! Looking for a manual and blueprints. Also any extra sails for sale. Thanks!  

Your bringing back some good memories. My family had one of those in the 70s named Moonlighter. Nice boat.  

There's a Columbia Yacht Owners forum that might be able to help. http://www.columbia-yachts.com/  

JenniferKay

Have you tried boatbrochure.com  

I had one o those in Marina Del Rey for about 10 yrs. It got "slammed" in Avalon Harbor, Catalina, one summer. During a "Santa Ana gusting to 95+ with 12' waves in harbor" I was told by a person that worked at the local power station and rescued boat. Boat Was repaired and gelcoated Corvette Yellow. It was named "Banana Bunny" by a girlfriend at the time. I had great times with it. Sailed it all oer Mexico and California. Terrific sailing boat. Given enough wind she actually gets up and surf/planes at 18knot per knotmeter. She had the fixed keel. Sorry, remembering and writing. Somewhere in the bowels of one of my old back up drives there is a color brochure and a lil owner's manual. BTW there is a site with a full restoration of a pretty Columbia 22 Keel model on the internet. They did a work of art. https://www.google.com/search?q=res...Cmn-bQAhWF7iYKHRcPBJYQ7AkIMA&biw=1055&bih=724  

Solarfy said: Given enough wind she actually gets up and surf/planes at 18knot per knotmeter Click to expand

And you were there to see it? You must have one of those stout heavy sailboats. It's a world full of opinions. We now know yours. Most people are too afraid to sail on really windy days. Almost any flat bottom sailboat can surf and plane in 30+ mph winds. The CAL 30 proved that. Well I take that back, the America's cup foilers could not go out on anything over 22 Knots less they disintegrate at 23.. BTST in person, even paid the price of admission. I did enjoy brisk San Francisco Bay sail in schooner America as a consolation. But, then again those foilers were built of corrugated cardboard. Weren't they?. Never been afraid of big waves or lotta wind. I've seen a bunch o kids out in 10' waves and 20 knots surfing and racing their Optimists dinghies out in the ocean. I would like to follow progress on the reconstruction of the ole Col 22. Pictures along the way would be appreciated. I have very fond memories of the Col 22. BTW: there was company in CA that sold skinny lead filled Keels to replace the fat pig iron one that came with the boat.  

In addition to these sources, many Columbia owners have offered to share copies of their boat and motor manuals. They are listed towards the bottom of the page. Andy Whiley, Irvington Marina, Irvington, VA P.O. Box 189 Irvington, VA 22480 (804) 438-5113 "Here's the story that's been told (thanks Eric White!): On or about the time the Whittaker Co. was closing the Chesapeake plant an enterprising fellow named Andy Whiley knocked on the door and ask if he could buy whatever leavings were left. Well, lo and behold the payroll need to be met and they sold Andy everything that was left, that he wanted. He has/had masts, booms, rigging, KEELS, and last but not least he has port lights, you know the funny looking windows that crack and craze. He has them all, some with the paper still on them, and the price is right. I bought 2 for an old 39 I was helping a friend refurbish and I think we paid all of $25 each. You ask who and where is Andy Whiley? Well he is just up the Rappahanock River, under the bridge and hard to port into Carter's creek just like you were going to The Tides Inn. But stop at Irvington Marina and that is where Andy lives. It's kind of a boaters junk yard but he has a lot. That's in Irvington, VA. I hope I could be of some help. I talked to Andy about a month ago. He is also has an aluminum foundry at the marina. Primary product is hand wheels for big valves. He also casts anything he needs to make mast trucks, boom goosnecks and whatever. Well he called me looking for some help, I work in the foundry supply business here in Baltimore. So the info on the windows is current. It's really neat, you go in to this dirty old foundry into a back room, up a rickety ladder and there on a rack are all these aluminum framed windows, some even still have the paper on them protecting the plastic, and they are just waiting for someone to say, WOW I NEED TWO OF THOSE." Source: http://www.columbia-yachts.com/lit.html More info: https://www.google.com/search?q=col...3BhOjQAhUBUSYKHUiWCLIQ7AkINA&biw=1055&bih=724 Hardware plan: http://boatbrochure.com/products/columbia-22-deck-hardware-plan Keel replacements with new fin keels: http://marskeel.com/production/repair-modifications/draft-reductions/  

I owned and sailed a Columbia 22 on San Francisco Bay for years. So I know a little something about sailing the boat in a breeze. And if you knew anything about sailboat design and the physics of hull speed, you'd understand that it is virtually impossible for the Columbia 22 to go 18 knots.  

When you believe something impossible your mind finds a way to make it so. I believe nothing printed and I think anything is possible. Where there is a willingness to do something a way is usually found. Get her a skinny keel, Take her out in the ocean in a windy day and get her on a big wave surfing with spinnaker flying. I never sailed in a bay.. All I know is the ocean.  

Some updates (since I was seeking a rudder head for a Columbia 22) 1. The fastest I've been able to make my boat go was 9.5kts in 18kt winds (def. the max) 2. Dear Andy Whiley past away several years ago. His inventory is lost forever..  

• This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. By continuing to use this site, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Accept Learn more…

• Forum Listing
• Marketplace
• Advanced Search
• About The Boat
• Boat Builders Row
• Columbia & Coronado
• SailNet is a forum community dedicated to Sailing enthusiasts. Come join the discussion about sailing, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, repairs, reviews, maintenance, and more!

I need to understand a CCA rating for a Columbia 22

• Add to quote

I'm considering getting a Columbia 22 sailboat. The seller posts in his ad the following: "The Columbia 22 is a light displacement midget ocean racer (C.C.A. approximately 19.4)" I've attempted to learn about CCA ratings but have not been able to by searching online. The "light displacement midget ocean racer" is quoted from brochures/flyers developed for this boat. So, what does a CCA rating of 19.4 mean? I'd really like to know. Thanks.  

it does not mean much today. the seller is just blowing smoke. Cruising club of America, CCA rating is a racing handicap rating system used from the 1950's and into the late 60's. the system was used mostly for offshore racing and seem to favor the older wooden boats of the day. it was used by designers to make boats that would rate better then the competition to sell more boats. Putting an offshore rating on a 22' boat that would not even be allowed to race in an offshore race is bit ridiculous. A Columbia 22 by today standards is not a light displacement boat and certainly never was a midget ocean racer. If you find one in good shape they are a boat that sails fairly good. the shoal draft centerboard model suffers from the short rudder and looses grip when heeled over when the wind is up above 12 knots. mast head rig can also be a handful when the wind blows. Sailed them when I was in HS. lots of them in Newport harbor back in the day. most all deep keel models, no shoal water here.  

As noted the CCA Rating Rule is an obsolete measurement rule. Measurement rules attempt to rate the relative speed of one design as compared to another through a limited number of measurements. Rules like the CCA tend to be gross oversimplification and do a poor job of predicting the actual speed or other behavior of the boat. The problem with measurement rules is that they tend to over emphasize some aspects of speed, and under emphasize others. And most measurement rules ignore design aspects related to seaworthiness, motion comfort or easy handling. This was especially true of the CCA rule. Because the CCA measurement rule was published designers gamed the rule in ways that distorted the boat in ways that made almost no sense other than to beat the rule. In the case of the CCA rule, this happened to an extreme that temporarily altered boats designed to the rule in very negative ways. The CCA Rule way over emphasized the impact of water line length, and stability, and under emphasized the impact of jibs and mizzens. This produced boats with absurdly short waterlines relative to their length on deck. It produced boats that were short on stability relative their drag. It produced rig proportions that were inefficient and hard to handle, especially short-handed. And the CCA Rule was pretty much the only rule used in the U.S. Because of that pretty much all production boats, with very few exceptions were designed to the CCA from the mid-1940's until 1970. The good news is that the Columbia 22 was not designed to the CCA Rule. It was designed to the Midget Ocean Racing Rule (MORC). The MORC Rule was intentionally written to address the short comings of the CCA Rule. It was purposefully written to encourage small boats that could be raced offshore. It included factors which discouraged overly short waterline length. It included minimum stability requirements. MORC included minimum accommodation requirements such as a minimum headroom, galley, dining table, berth number and size requirements. MORC produced really good boats for the era and was provided one of several fruitful testing grounds that contributed to a better understanding of yacht design and some of these lessons are in the DNA of the modern understanding of what makes for a safe, fast, seaworthy, and easy to handle boat. For the record, neither the CCA or MORC Rule were a handicap rule. Handicap rules rate boats based on their past performance, Jeff  

I agree with overbored that the old CCA rating is largely meaningless today. Note that there once was an active group called the Midget Ocean Racing Club (MORC) that was formed to permit small boats (under 30 feet) to race. You can find some info at www.morc.org . More important is the current PHRF rating which is 267 here in western Long Island Sound. Most sailboat racing today in the US is under that racing rule. For non-racers, the base PHRF rating gives you some idea of how fast the boat is in comparison to others you might be considering.  

Many thanks for the replies. I was interested in what the seller was saying by mentioning the CCA rating... not much, apparently. I'm not a racer. Just looking for a seaworthy sailboat to do some ocean daysailing out of the local bay.  

To be more specific about the Columbia 22 relative to the concerns that you have; The Columbia 22 was the first production boat designed by Bill Crealock, who went on to be an extremely prolific designer and eventually a very respected designer. In the early days, Crealock mostly provided services to boat builders doing inexpensive and pretty shoddy work. I tried to find out more about why that was true, but from the comments in large part have concluded that Crealock was a competent design who worked quick and inexpensively in the early years of his career. And while Crealock was competent, his work never achieved the sophistication of the better designers of that era such as S&S, C&C, Phil Rhodes, Bill Luders, Bill Lapworth, or Bill Trip to name a few. Nor did he have the instinctual creativity of designers like Charley Morgan. The Columbia 22 was a nice design for its day. From a design standpoint it would make a nice daysailer and overnighter. It was a pretty advanced design in terms of its keel and rudder shape, and it had decent sail proportions for that era. That said it had its idiosyncrasies related to being a MORC boat from a very brief moment in MORC history. To explain, while MORC boats of the era where generally more stable than CCA boats, that was not the Columbia 22 was not necessarily an especially stable design for a variety of reasons. Although the MORC rule of that era produced boats that were generally well rounded designs that were largely free of distortions to the hull to beat the rule, designers none the less tried to find ways to design boats which were faster than the MORC rule thought that the boat would be. Bill Crealock, like other West Coast designers of the era, were experimenting with minimizing wetted surface as a way to reduce drag. The Columbia 22 as a pretty extreme example of this in that it had nearly cylindrical hull sections. Hull sections like these lower the vertical center of buoyancy and reduce form stability to nearly zero. As we now know, reasonable amounts of form stability improve roll motion comfort (less roll angle and softer transitions), produce a more useful stability curve, and sail carrying capacity, and generally produces a better sailing boats. In the absence of a reasonable amount of form stability, a whole lot more ballast is required. But also by lowering the vertical center of buoyancy there was also a lesser righting moment produced further requiring a higher ballast ratio to obtain a similar stability. It is my understanding that the Columbia 22 was originally designed to have 1100 lb lead keel, and depending on the source, the first boats were built with the lead keel. As I understand it pretty early on Columbia switched to an iron keel that was shaped identically to the lead keel. Iron weighs about 2/3 of what lead weighs per cubic foot and so its unclear whether the 1100 lb ballast weight actually represents the weight of the iron keel. That makes sense since later versions of the 22 list the ballast at around 800 lbs. But in any event, iron's lower density means that its impact on stability would be less (because its vertical center of gravity would be higher than that of an identical weight lead keel). and so again a higher ballast ratio would be warranted to achieve the originally intended stability. While these are nice boats in most ways, there are a couple more words of caution. Columbia (especially in this period) was a pioneer in shoddy glass work and cost cutting details. The hull to deck joints and mast support structures were particularly vulnerable. If I remember right, the iron keels were bolted with steel keel bolts that would be well past their use-by dates (if they have not been changed in the past 10-25 years) and will be in need of changing. (i.e. big job but easier and cheaper than other types of keel bolt replacements). Because Columbia had pretty lax quality control, I would also be very suspicious of the overall displacement quoted for these boats. Even with decent quality control, boats this size can be hundreds of pounds over their published weights making a ballast to displacement ratio pretty suspect on this boat. Lastly, while these boats sail well, you asked about the CCA rule I assume out of curiosity about relative performance. The current racing 'handicap' rule that is most common in the US is PHRF, and it is a pretty good gauge of performance relative to other boats. When compared to similar designs of that era, the Columbia 22 with a PHRF rating of 273 offered pretty mid-pack performance with boats like the Cal 21 being 15 seconds a mile faster (that is actually pretty significant in real life) and boats like the Sailmaster 22 being 21 seconds a mile slower. Of course these boats were much slower than the boats that followed them. As a point of comparison, the J-22 (designed to a much later MORC rule) is 96 seconds faster, and a very modern similar size boat like a J-70 rates 144 seconds a mile faster. But absolute speed does not matter much for daysailing and while the Columbia 22 is a pretty slow boat for its size, it none the less sails well enough that it should be fine for your purposes, assuming that it is in decent structural condition. (I apologize that some of this was written for an earlier review that I had written on this boat.) Jeff  

Jeff... thanks for the lengthy discourse... but I don't understand everything you said. But the synopsis might be that the Col 22 "might" be a decent ocean daysailer for where I live? It is the Columbia 22's ballast/displacement ratio of about 50% that is attractive to me. The Col 23's is about 35%. Doesn't that mean that the Col 22 would be more stable/seaworthy than the 23? overbored above said that a "mast head rig can also be a handful when the wind blows". Is that saying that a fractional sloop would be a better design in windy areas?  

The bottom line is that: 1) the published 50% ratio may not accurately represent the actual ballast to displacement ratio, 2) a 50% ballast ratio (vs 35%) does not necessarily translate into more stability depending on hull shape, draft, ballast density, 3) Columbia were very poorly built in the 1960's so could need massive rebuilding, 4) That the Columbia 23 was not especially stable but might seem more stable as compared to the Columbia 22 since it has a smaller sail area to displacement ratio, 4) that a fractional rig might be easier to handle in the high breezes. That said, with the higher SA/D of the Columbia 22, you might be able to get by with less overlap on the genoa and so might be similar to handle, and 5) The Colombia 22 is not a bad daysailer. Jeff  

OK Jeff... I think I have the gist of what you are saying. So, with that... ...can you suggest any 22-23 footers that are better constructed boats that I could be looking for? I can't go with anything built this century... finances just won't allow it. Tanzer 22 ? Alberg Sea Sprite 23 ? Bristol 22 ? Edel 665 ? There's a Columbia Challenger 24 for sale in the PNW, but that's getting a bit too big for what I can handle/tow. Again, I'm looking for an ocean daysailer. A boat that can handle some wind and waves. Thanks.  

hnash53 said: There's a Columbia Challenger 24 for sale in the PNW, but that's getting a bit too big for what I can handle/tow. Again, I'm looking for an ocean daysailer. A boat that can handle some wind and waves. Thanks. Click to expand...

Of that list, if by Bristol 22 you are referring to a keel version of the Halsey Herreshoff designed Bristol 22 that is a lovely boat. (There was an Alberg designed 22 footer sometimes called a Bristol 22 that I don't particularly like.) If there is a shortcoming to the Bristol it has a transom notch for the outboard and so the cockpit can flood from an overtaking wave. It least the companionway sill is pretty high so you are not likely to downflood, unlike the Columbia 22 which has an outboard well in the cockpit and a low companionway sill which puts it at greater risk of swamping. The Columbia is a faster boat, but would feel a lot more tippy. The Tanzer 22 is also a nice daysailer, seemingly well built. I raced one of those back in the 1990's. They sail very well. My recollection is that there is less accommodations down below on them. One of my favorite boats of this general size is the Ranger 23. They sail very well and seemed to be well constructed. I have sailed them in some tough going and the boat did extremely well. They are more spartan down below than the Columbia, Tanzer or Bristol. Another great boat in this size range was the Northstar 727. I owned a larger version of this boat and a Northstar 500 also built by Hughes. Hughes had a very high build quality. The accommodations were about on a par with the Ranger 23 but a little nicer in fit and finish. Jeff  

Also... there are lots of Santana's up here, too.  

I am a big fan of the Santana 23 K which was the keel version of the Santana 23 D. These are very nice MORC boats in terms of performance but are very spartan down below, and the rudder design always looked vulnerable. I personally like the 23 D version, but that had a lot less stability. The Santana 22 was also a very nice MORC design. I don't think that I have ever seen one in real life so I can't comment on the build quality. Design wise they are a close cousin to the Ranger 23 which is one of my favorite boats of this general size. I would stay away from the Santana 20.  

hnash53 said: "The Columbia 22 is a light displacement midget ocean racer..." Click to expand...

• ?            
• 173.7K members

Top Contributors this Month

Great choice! Your favorites are temporarily saved for this session. Sign in to save them permanently, access them on any device, and receive relevant alerts.

• Sailboat Guide

1968 Columbia 22

• Description

Seller's Description

Standard features

Contact DAVID at ThreeSixOneFourFourThreeThreeNineZeroFive

Boat is located in CORPUS CHRISTI, Texas.

This Columbia 22 is a production sailboat built in 1968 during the heyday of fiberglass sailboats.

The Columbia companys William B Crealock design is noted for its, high performance, thicker fiberglass, and heavier standing rigging.

As a daysailer, the Columbia 22 has many beneficial features usually found on larger boats. 1-Roomy cockpit with over 14 linear feet of seating. 2-High freeboard makes for a dryer day. 3- The outboard motor well is forward of the spade rudder enabling more powerful maneuvering. 4- Motor well doubles as an ice chest if no motor is present. 5- Full masthead jib along with the backstay create simple, stable standing rigging- There are three shrouds on each side. 6- 1,000-pound fin keel draft 3-2 and thru-hull spade rudder mean crisp, but stable tacking. 7- With six enclosed compartments located under the cabin cushions and additional storage under the cockpit and aft of side berths, there is plenty of storage. 8- Includes 5 Hp Tohatsu 20 longshaft Outboard Motor with Less than 35 engine hours.

Sails included Cruising Main with 2 Jiffy Reef points, 120 Genoa, 100 Working Jib, Storm Jib Compass, inclinometer, SS bow pulpit, Transom-mounted fold-up SS boarding ladder, Jib snubbing winch, 2 Jib sheet winches, boom vang, cushions, C.G. safety gear flares, F.E., PFDs throw-able cushions. 3 anchors, 2 Danforth-style plus one smaller Danforth lunch-hook.

Rig and Sails

Auxilary power, accomodations, calculations.

The theoretical maximum speed that a displacement hull can move efficiently through the water is determined by it's waterline length and displacement. It may be unable to reach this speed if the boat is underpowered or heavily loaded, though it may exceed this speed given enough power. Read more.

Classic hull speed formula:

Hull Speed = 1.34 x √LWL

Max Speed/Length ratio = 8.26 ÷ Displacement/Length ratio .311 Hull Speed = Max Speed/Length ratio x √LWL

Sail Area / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the power of the sails relative to the weight of the boat. The higher the number, the higher the performance, but the harder the boat will be to handle. This ratio is a "non-dimensional" value that facilitates comparisons between boats of different types and sizes. Read more.

SA/D = SA ÷ (D ÷ 64) 2/3

• SA : Sail area in square feet, derived by adding the mainsail area to 100% of the foretriangle area (the lateral area above the deck between the mast and the forestay).
• D : Displacement in pounds.

Ballast / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the stability of a boat's hull that suggests how well a monohull will stand up to its sails. The ballast displacement ratio indicates how much of the weight of a boat is placed for maximum stability against capsizing and is an indicator of stiffness and resistance to capsize.

Ballast / Displacement * 100

Displacement / Length Ratio

A measure of the weight of the boat relative to it's length at the waterline. The higher a boat’s D/L ratio, the more easily it will carry a load and the more comfortable its motion will be. The lower a boat's ratio is, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed or beyond. Read more.

D/L = (D ÷ 2240) ÷ (0.01 x LWL)³

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds.
• LWL: Waterline length in feet

Comfort Ratio

This ratio assess how quickly and abruptly a boat’s hull reacts to waves in a significant seaway, these being the elements of a boat’s motion most likely to cause seasickness. Read more.

Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL + .3 LOA) x Beam 1.33 )

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds
• LOA: Length overall in feet
• Beam: Width of boat at the widest point in feet

Capsize Screening Formula

This formula attempts to indicate whether a given boat might be too wide and light to readily right itself after being overturned in extreme conditions. Read more.

CSV = Beam ÷ ³√(D / 64)

Boats built after 1969 differed slightly in the location of hatches and the introduction of an outboard well. A keel/centerboard model was also available though they are said to exist only in small numbers. Draft for CB version: BU: 2.5’; BD: 4.83’. The CORONADO 23 (MKI) is similar but with a different coach roof. In the mid-70’s, some were built to this design under license in Australia. Later they were also available as kits under the Sailcrafter brand.

This listing is presented by SailboatOwners.com . Visit their website for more information or to contact the seller.

View on SailboatOwners.com

Embed this page on your own website by copying and pasting this code.

• About Sailboat Guide

©2024 Sea Time Tech, LLC

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Friday 11 April 2014

Moscow metro - spirit of a city (e.p).

No comments:

Post a comment.

Current time by city

For example, New York

Current time by country

For example, Japan

Time difference

For example, London

For example, Dubai

Coordinates

For example, Hong Kong

For example, Delhi

For example, Sydney

Geographic coordinates of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

City coordinates

Coordinates of Elektrostal in decimal degrees

Coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

WGS 84 coordinate reference system is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).

Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

Longitude is counted from the prime meridian ( IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).

UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location’s height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .

Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia