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How to Take a Large Boat Out of the Water

Last Updated: February 20, 2021

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Taking a large boat or yacht out of the water is much more than just pulling up to a ramp and towing it back to your house. It involves heavy machinery, and it takes patience and a lot of care. This article is meant for marina/yacht club workers or anyone with some knowledge of boating who is interested in the process.

This wikiHow article will teach you step by step how to take a large boat out of the water using a marine travel lift (a large machine used to take boats in/out of the water), transport the boat to a viable spot, and block it up on land. Work carefully and check your surroundings and equipment after every step.

Taking the Boat out of the Water

There are four wheels on the lift; the back two are the wheels that control the turning.
Every travel lift has two straps (one in the back and one in the front) that can raise and lower using 3 levers. The point of the straps are to lift/lower a boat while giving it support.

The two levers on the left control the back strap and the horizontal lever 3rd from the left controls the front strap.
To lower the back, you have to push the two levers upward (they move the straps opposite of the direction of the levers).
Lower the front by pushing the third lever from the left down (it moves the strap the same direction as the lever).
Lower the straps until they are about 3 feet underwater and the lowest point.

The boat well is an inlet of water where boats are put in/taken out of the water. The travel lift is located above the well.

Sling marks are there to make sure weight is distributed when the boat is being raised; if not the boat could slide back or forward off of the straps.

The left two levers go down and the third lever from the left goes up.
Make sure to pull the straps up at the same time.
Since the front and back straps of the travel lift are independent of each other, you can move one or the other to straighten the boat. (For example, if the front of the boat is leaning down, pull up the front strap until even.)

Putting the Boat onto a Trailer

Put the trailer right behind the travel lift and make sure it is straight.
Add a wooden block to the back support beam of the trailer.
Stack 3 pieces of wood and one piece of plywood to the middle support beam of the trailer.
Make sure that the wood is secure because this will hold most of the weight of the boat on the trailer (about 95%).

The travel lift will start off on wheel tracks right above the boat well; it should be moved backwards just past the tracks onto the cement.
Make sure to move the travel lift slowly so that the boat does not move back and forth too much.

Use an industrial power washer such as the one in the picture.
Make sure not to get too close when spraying. It could cause the paint to be washed off of the boat.
If there doesn't seem to be a plug in the back, don't worry. Some boats drain in the front and the boats that do this have no plug.
5 Move the trailer under the boat. Once the boat is over land, the trailer can be moved so that the middle of the trailer is lined up with the middle of the boat.

Make sure the stands are tightened after the boat is placed on the wood (the stands are only meant to hold about 5% of the weight of the boat).
Make sure the platforms on the support stands are flat against the boat.

Blocking the Boat

Make sure that it is on level ground.
This is where the boat will be throughout winter so make sure it is a spot that you're comfortable with. It would be difficult to move it during winter.
Once the trailer is moved, the straps of the travel lift can be put back together and the travel lift can be moved back onto the tracks over the well.

Stack as many cinder blocks that will fit.
Make three stacks: one in the middle and two in the corners of the stern.
After the cinder blocks are stacked, stack wood until there is only an inch or so in between the boat and the wood.
Add a thin piece of plywood to alleviate pressure between the boat and the wood.

The weight of the stern should be completely on the blocks while the weight of the front is still on the trailer.
By moving the trailer back while keeping the boat up, this makes room to put blocks in the front of the boat.

Place two stacks of cinder blocks in the middle of the boat (lengthwise) and one stack under the bow of the boat.
As you did before, place wood on the blocks until there is only an inch of room.
Make sure the blocks are centered with the boat width wise.

Once the boat is completely on the blocks, all of the support stands on the trailer should be lowered all the way so that they don't hit the hull (bottom of the boat) when moving the trailer.
7 Move the trailer. Once the boat is on all of the blocks, the trailer can be moved as it will not be needed again.

Depending on the way the boat is blocked, 2-4 jack-stands will be needed (in this case, since there is 3 stacks of blocks under the stern, only 2 are needed).
Place the stands near the center of the boat, one on each side and tighten them against the hull of the boat.
The platforms of the jacks should be near the edge of the hull so that the weight is distributed.
Keep the platforms of the stands flat against the hull (sometimes wood is needed to be placed in between the hull and jack-stands).

Expert Q&A

Make sure to check your surroundings when operating the machinery; people should not be within 15 feet of the machines and should be within your sight. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
Walk around the boat after each step to make sure everything is secure and safe. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
Don't rush. Caution should be used and rushing everything will make it much more dangerous. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
Use plenty of caution operating the travel lift. It is a large machine that is capable of killing or severely injuring those operating it and those around it. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
Never get too comfortable under a boat. Always be on your toes and ready to move in the rare occasion that the boat could fall. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

Things You'll Need

Marine travel lift
Transporting trailer
Cinder blocks
Crescent wrench

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Boat Haul Out

For many, an annual haulout is the end of the boating season. Plan it all out first so it doesn't make you crazy.

Spring and fall are the busiest seasons for hauling. Make sure to plan ahead with your marina to ensure they can fit you into their schedule.

Many boats will have to be hauled by a boatyard or marina at some point. You might think that all you have to do is show up with your boat to be plucked from the water and deposited safely in the yard, but not so fast. Forward planning ensures things go smoothly for you, your boat, and the yard.

Make Arrangements

If your marina has a travel hoist, hauling at your home port is often the most straightforward option: Your boat will already be at the haulout location, and the yard staff may be familiar with it. If it's not possible to haul at your marina, there are specific logistical considerations, not least that you will have to move your boat and deliver it to the yard at the appointed time.

Once you've decided where your boat will be hauled, you need to decide when. Give the yard as much notice as possible: Don't wait until the day before and expect them to be able to accommodate you. Keep in mind that the yard's busy season is during late fall when boats are pulled for winter storage and then again in the spring when boats are relaunched. Schedule accordingly. Jay Leszynski, owner of Merri-Mar Yacht Basin in Newburyport, Massachusetts agrees, "Spring and fall are our busiest times by far. Not only do we have a lot of boats to move, but we have to plan where to put them once they come ashore. Letting us know your plans early helps us a lot".

Cost And Scope

Check with the yard on how much you will be charged for haulout service. Most yards charge by the foot and will often have a minimum fee. In many cases, the cost also includes a relaunch, but you need to be sure. Some yards have haulout contracts. If yours does, read it carefully to know what is — or is not — included. If your yard doesn't have a contract, ask questions and take notes so you are clear about the arrangements.

If you expect your boat to be out for a fairly short time for some maintenance, such as a bottom job, anode change, thru-hull or transducer installation, tell the yard this. If your boat is buried at the back of the lot with other boats parked in front, you may not be able to launch when you want. If you are storing ashore for the winter months, let the yard know when you would like to be launched in the spring, as this will have some bearing on where they place your boat.

Pressure washing the boat is often included in the cost of the haulout.

If you want the yard to do some work on your boat while it's out of the water, talk to them about it up front. If you forget to tell them, it may delay things if they don't have you on the schedule or they don't have the necessary parts in stock.

If you plan to do some or all of the work yourself, talk to the yard about this, too. They may have policies about what you can and can't do yourself. Many marinas prohibit owners from working on their boats, citing insurance or environmental reasons, which is sometimes merely a way of getting more work for their crew. Flexible marinas may allow you to do your own work provided you comply with all rules, such as no hull sanding without a vacuum and laying ground cover under the boat to catch hazards like spilled bottom paint.

Lifting Your Baby

On the actual day of the haul, plan to be there if you can. You'll be able to take a look at just how fouled the bottom is before it's pressure washed and you'll get an idea of how your antifouling paint is working. Most yards do this immediately after the boat is hauled so the fouling doesn't set like concrete. "We always pressure wash a boat as soon as it comes out of the water," Leszynski says. "We have a waste-recovery system, and this ensures any bottom paint, dirt, or other contaminants are contained. Pressure washing is included in the fee for hauling, and we won't move a boat into the yard until it has been washed."

It's normal for the owner to drive the boat into the travel hoist pit unless you have made alternative arrangements. Have plenty of fenders on both sides of the boat to protect the topsides should you be blown sideways. Listen carefully to instructions given to you by the yard staff operating the hoist who will have done this maneuver many times before. You probably won't need docklines because the boat will be going right into the slings, but check with the lift operator. Larger sailboats may have to back in to the pit and even have the backstay removed so the rigging will clear the hoist. The staff won't lift a boat with you or the crew aboard so they'll tell you when to get off and anything else they need you to do before vacating the boat. Don't forget to shut off the engines, air conditioners and other equipment before the boat is hoisted.

When the boat is out of the water, check and replace anodes if they are more than 50 percent wasted.

All tanks should be as empty as possible, and while it may not be practical to drain fuel tanks, it is relatively easy to drain water and waste tanks. Full tanks add significant weight to the boat, and empty tanks will put less strain on the boat's structure when it is sitting in an unnatural element on land.

Before the boat is hauled out of the water, tell the travel hoist operator about any underwater appendages, such as fin stabilizers or pod drives, transducers, speed wheels and other things not easily seen when the boat is in the water that could be damaged by the travel hoist slings. "We are familiar with most boat designs", says Leszynski, "but it is helpful if owners mention things that may be special about their particular boat".

Larger yachts often have what's known as a "graving plan," which is a layout of where blocking and other supports go when the ship is drydocked. Although you probably don't need to go to these lengths, a photo or two of the boat in the slings that you can share with the hoist operator is often appreciated, especially if the boat is rare or an unfamiliar type. A profile shot is the most useful. This is especially true with sailboats, as it will show the keel configuration, the position of any skegs and rudders, and where the shafts exit the boat.

Slings can scratch gelcoat, paint, and varnish. To avoid damage, ensure the yard has and uses soft muffs or plastic sleeves over the webbing on the straps. Once the slings have been correctly positioned, adding those little "sling here" marker labels, available from chandlers, is a great idea and will save time at subsequent haulouts.

On The Hard

If your boat is being lifted for anything more than an hour or so, often called a "short haul," it is likely that it will be placed on blocks in the yard and supported with jackstands. If this is the case, tell the yard about any relevant structural features of your boat. Some downeast powerboats, for example, have hollow keels aft, which could potentially suffer damage if the boat is improperly blocked and supported. In cases like this, blocks should probably run lengthwise rather than athwartships to provide adequate support.

If you plan on doing any work on your boat, you'll most likely need access to power and water. Make sure that you have any necessary extension cords or adaptors as it is often up to you to provide these, not the yard.

As a general rule, the workers in the yard have much experience moving and blocking boats, so it's best to leave it up to them as to how they do it. By all means watch, but don't interfere unless you see something that is wrong or unsafe; if you see a problem, bring it up with the yard manager.

Once the boat is settled into her spot, inspect the jackstands. Ensure they have chains between them to prevent them from spreading, which could cause the boat to fall over. Be sure that the attachment points of the chain to the jackstands are secure. Sometimes the slits in the metal of the frame into which the chain links sit are torn or bent from use, which could result in slipping or failure. If a stand is severely rusted, ask to have it replaced.

Also check the ground beneath the jackstands. If the stands are resting on, for example, sandy or loose soil, and especially if there's a slope, this may present a problem in heavy rains. The majority of jackstands will have three or four legs and unless they are on a solid surface, they should have sturdy plywood pads or other good support placed underneath to distribute the weight over a larger surface area, preventing them from sinking into the ground. If you see any problems, discuss them with management as soon as possible

Sometimes when you are working on your boat, such as when applying antifouling, you may need a jackstand moved. An alternative to moving stands, which will often incur an additional fee, is to have some antifouling paint and brush in hand when the boat is lifted for relaunching and apply some paint to those areas covered by the pads prior to the boat being launched. If you can't be there to touch up the bare spots, often the yard workers will do it for you if you leave the paint and a brush. For your safety, and for that of your boat, do not attempt to adjust or move stands yourself; ask the yard to do it.

While You're At It

Irrespective of what other work you may have to do when the boat's out of the water, now's the time to check the anodes and replace them if they are more than 50 percent wasted. Also use this opportunity to inspect propellers, rudders, transducers, and seacocks. If anything seems amiss and it was not on your original to-do list, attend to it now.

Don't rely on the yard having a ladder. Bring your own, and either take it with you or lock it up when you leave at night.

Launch Time

Once the boat is put back in the water, check the bilges carefully for leaks. Hoses that have been disconnected from thru-hulls have sunk more than one boat. If your boat has a drain plug that was removed when the boat was hauled, make sure that the yard staff know where this is or there may be a delay in getting your boat back into the water. Sometimes, because of shifting hull stresses while the boat isn't supported by the water, shaft alignment may be affected by a haulout, at least temporarily. Be sensitive to this possibility when you run the boat after coming from the hoist.

Pay your bill before launch time, or you may find that your boat can't go back in when you think. Most yards have a saying: "No cash, no splash."

8 Essential Questions To Ask Your Yard

What's the cost of hauling and relaunching? Some yards quote just the haulout price and some include the relaunch in their price. Usually haulouts are charged based on length of boat, but not always, so ask.

Can I work on my boat myself? Not all yards allow you to work on your own boat, often citing insurance concerns. Check on what's allowed if you plan on doing any work yourself.

Are there any "lay days" included? If your boat will only be out for a few days, there may not be any storage charges, but some marinas charge by the day, week, or month as soon as the boat is blocked in the yard.

Is there a fee to bring my boat to the haulout well, and how much is it? If you need the yard to move your boat because you're not able to, there'll most likely be an additional charge. If you're a long-time customer, though, you may be able to get it waived. Bimini or backstay removal may come with an extra fee.

Does the cost include a high-pressure washdown? Most marinas provide this service as part of a haulout, but ask, don't assume.

Where will you put my boat? After hauling, your boat will be blocked ashore. In a large marina, that could mean a long hike from the office or chandlery, and worse, possibly too far from electrical power or water, which you might need.

Can I bring in outside contractors? Marinas want you to use their services and may charge you a fee or even a percentage of your outside contractor bill. Most will require the contractor prove he's properly insured. Some prohibit outside contractors altogether, citing liability, though there is little risk to the marina if you and your contractor have the proper insurance.

When will my boat be relaunched? If you hope to use your boat the next weekend, you could be disappointed if the yard tells you it could be several extra days. Let your yard know in good time when you'd like to go back in the water, but be aware that sometimes tides and weather may preclude you from getting your ideal time and date.

— Charles Fort

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A marine surveyor and holder of RYA Yachtmaster Ocean certification, BoatUS Magazine contributing editor Mark Corke is one of our DIY gurus, creating easy-to-follow how-to articles and videos. Mark has built five boats himself (both power and sail), has been an experienced editor at several top boating magazines (including former associate editor of BoatUS Magazine), worked for the BBC, written four DIY books, skippered two round-the-world yachts, and holds the Guinness World Record for the fastest there-and-back crossing of the English Channel — in a kayak! He and his wife have a Grand Banks 32.

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Sailboat Bottom Cleaning - Complete DIY Guide

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

June 15, 2022

Sailboat bottom cleaning is an essential part of regular hull maintenance, but it doesn't have to be a serious hassle.

Sailboat bottom cleaning can be done in or out of the water. The most important tools include marine gloves, various scrapers, and brushes. A coat of high-quality bottom paint can reduce cleaning intervals and marine buildup.

In this article, we'll go over how to clean a sailboat bottom in or out of the water. We'll cover the best methods and give you a rundown of all the tools you'll need to do the job. Additionally, we'll go over the importance of bottom paint and the best methods to reduce the headache of hull maintenance.

We sourced the information used in this article from sailors with bottom cleaning experience. Additionally, we gathered facts about hull cleaning from reliable sailboat maintenance guides.

Table of contents

‍ What Happens to a Sailboat Hull in the Water?

A clean sailboat hull doesn't stay clean for long, but any skipper can tell the difference between a freshly scraped hull and a neglected bottom. As soon as you drop the boat in the water, marine gunk starts to slowly accumulate on all submerged surfaces.

First, bacteria and microorganisms start to accumulate and build up a slime. Anti-growth paints slow this buildup, but it eventually overpowers the paint. At this stage, a simple hosing down could do the trick. But over time, the slime forms a protective layer onto which larger and more sensitive organisms can begin to thrive.

Within a month or two, even the most well-maintained sailboat bottom will start to accumulate your local species of barnacles, mussels, and sharp sea trash. The bottom is now its own micro-ecosystem.

Soon, all of that annoying and injurious sea garbage will begin clogging intakes, exhaust ports, drains, and jamming up rudder components.

How Often Should You Clean a Sailboat Bottom?

Bottom cleaning should be done regularly, regardless of how you use your boat. That said, it's a more urgent task for some sailors who get underway often.

People who cruise regularly or over long distances should clean the bottom once every month or two, whereas the twice-per-year sailor can get away with a biannual cleaning.

The Importance of Sailboat Bottom Paint

Bottom paint is specially formulated to slow or stop the growth of marine life. Traditionally, 'red lead' paint was used to inhibit barnacles and other gunk from taking refuge on the hull. Red lead is just that—red paint with high lead content. Lead is poisonous to marine life, and it's extremely effective at preserving the bottom.

Red lead comes with hazards, and it's difficult to obtain in some areas. Today, its use is limited to wooden boats and historical restorations.

In the 21st century, numerous less toxic paint alternatives exist. They're costly, but modern bottom paints can last for years without significant repairs.

It's essential to keep your hull covered in a strong layer of bottom paint, regardless of the age or condition of the vessel. High-quality bottom paint can drastically reduce hull growth and cleaning intervals, which is why it's a key priority for long-range cruising skippers.

Why is Bottom Cleaning Necessary?

Bottom cleaning is absolutely necessary if you want your boat to work well and last a long time. Marine life grows rapidly on sailboat hulls, and it can add weight to your hull and cause damage.

The biggest issue with marine growth is drag, as it adds a rough texture to an otherwise smooth sailboat hull and slows it down. Additionally, marine life can seize rudders and clog seacocks.

What Happens if You Don't Clean the Hull?

Here's a typical scenario to consider. Let's say that your sailboat has been sitting in a slip at a marina for about a year, and you decide to take it out sailing on the water. You can see an unseemly buildup of marine gunk on the bottom of the hull, but you decide to go sailing anyway.

You start the engine to pilot the boat out of the slip, and before long, your diesel inboard is overheated, and you're left dead in the water and drifting. It's not a good situation and a potentially expensive mistake too.

The reason the engine overheated is that barnacles and sea plants clogged the cooling water intakes on the bottom of the hull. This is why powerboats are pulled out of the water after use and why frequent bottom cleaning is necessary.

Can You Clean a Sailboat Bottom in the Water?

Absolutely, many people clean the hull of their sailboat while it's still in the water. In fact, you may not even have to get in the water to do it. There are special brushes available that allow sailboat owners to clean the bottom from the dock.

These brushes have a long angled handle that allows you to reach under the boat from above. This method works great for round-bottom boats, though special care must be taken to clean the keel and the rudder.

If you're willing to get in the water, you can also clean the bottom using scuba gear or a snorkel. If you do, be sure to choose a safe location that doesn't have any marine traffic.

How to Clean a Sailboat Bottom

Cleaning a sailboat bottom is pretty self-explanatory, and anyone can do it in a reasonable amount of time. That said, you'll need the proper tools and techniques to do it safely and effectively.

Here is a list of the best tools to grab before cleaning the bottom. You don't necessarily need them all, but it's best to have a full set of implements at your disposal.

It's also a good idea to buy purpose-made marine tools, as you need the right scraper thickness to avoid damaging the hull. If you have a friend with marine tools, borrow them or bring them along to a hardware store to find comparable scrapers.

Gloves are an important and often overlooked tool for bottom cleaning. Ever try to walk along a rocky shoal barefoot? You probably didn't get far. Barnacles and shells are hard and extremely sharp, and a slip of the hand can result in a trip to the urgent care clinic and a few stitches.

Specially-made marine gloves allow good mobility and excellent protection from sharp marine growth.

2. Scrapers

You'll need scrapers of various kinds to remove the harder gunk such as barnacles and mussels. These come in multiple shapes and sizes. You should have more than one size available to help clean odd spaces, such as around your propeller shaft and rudder assembly.

3. Scrubbers

Scrubbers are useful tools for using outside the water. They're usually large, round brushes that attach to a motor or a power drill. While scrubbers usually aren't useful for removing severe growth, they're excellent for finishing the hull after scraping the stone-like barnacles off.

4. Pressure Washer

A pressure washer with a specialized marine nozzle is an excellent choice for getting work done quickly. Larger boats benefit most from a pressure washer, as it can blast off all kinds of marine growth. Just be careful, as the jet is extremely powerful and concentrated.

Brushes are an essential tool for cleaning a sailboat bottom. There are literally hundreds of marine brushes to choose from, and they're available in all shapes and sizes. Some brushes are handheld and small, while others have long handles for dockside cleaning.

Bottom Cleaning in the Water

Bottom cleaning in the water is the least costly way to do it, as you don't have to pay for a boat crane or a place to park your trailer. Plus, with no jack stands in the way, you can clean the entire hull.

First, make sure you're a good swimmer. Even if you don't get in the water, it's essential to be prepared if you fall in. The most common way to clean the bottom in the water is to grab some goggles and a snorkel and go for a swim.

Start by scraping the larger marine growth with a scraper. If there isn't any hard growth, such as mussels or barnacles, you can begin with a heavy brush and start removing the gunk.

Use extra care around intake ports and moving parts, as it's especially important that these items be clean.

Check Anodes

Most sailboats have bolt-on sacrificial zinc anodes around certain metal parts. These anodes 're-route' corrosion. They corrode instead of your metallic boat parts, but once they get badly pitted, they stop functioning. Check the anodes and make sure they're in good condition. If not, replace them promptly.

Out-Of-Water Sailboat Bottom Cleaning

It's easy to clean the bottom of a sailboat out of water and generally less physically taxing. Here, you can use power tools (such as a power drill scrubber) and pressure washers to expedite the process.

Use the same care to avoid scraping off paint and damaging the hull. Once out of the water, you can inspect the condition of the bottom paint and repair hull damage.

General Rules of Sailboat Bottom Cleaning

Bottom cleaning is a regular and relatively unpleasant task, but it doesn't have to be difficult. Here are a handful of helpful tips to make sailboat bottom cleaning as safe and easy as possible.

1. Pull the boat out of the water if you can.

Pulling the boat out of the water makes life a whole lot easier when you need to clean the bottom. It allows you to work on land and get a full, well-lit 360-degree view of the hull.

2. Avoid harsh chemicals (if possible).

There are lots of quick-fix chemicals available to make hull cleaning easier, but it's best to consider the potential consequences of using them. Many of these chemicals contain harsh compounds and solvents, which are harmful to your health and damaging to the environment.

It doesn't take much to cause problems. Just a pint of petrochemicals can contaminate an acre of water or more, and a gallon of chemicals can contaminate over a million gallons of water. When possible, use biodegradable chemicals and safe paints.

3. Use secure boat jack stands.

If you pull the boat out of the water, be sure to use high-quality boat jack stands that are rated for the weight of your vessel. Take into account the extra weight of tanks and additional items aboard. Also, ensure that the jack stands are in good condition and not corroded.

4. Buy better brushes.

Buying high-quality hull brushes can make a world of difference when cleaning the bottom. High-quality brushes are built better and less likely to damage the bottom of your boat or scrape off your paint. Also, avoid using brushes that aren't designed for hull cleaning.

5. Clean the hull in a safe location.

If you must dive under the boat while it's in the water, be sure to do so in a safe area without marine traffic. Use a flag and markers to alert other boats that you're in the water, as they may not be able to see you when motoring around.

I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing.

by this author

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Getting Your Boat Out Of The Water: A Step-By-Step Guide

January 12, 2015

Boat retrieval is easier than you think if you apply some careful planning and have a helping hand nearby. Here’s a step-by-step guide.

1. Choose a time

First, try to leave your retrieval until high tide as this will be easier on the towing vehicle. If nearby boat ramps are busy (bear in mind this may be peak hour), hang back and wait until there is enough space.

2. Prepare to land

As the shore approaches, rig the lines and fenders and check that you have your towing-vehicle keys on hand. Tilt up the boat’s outboard or sterndrive before it enters shallow water and let momentum carry the boat in.

3. Secure the boat

If pulling into a jetty, it helps to have a crew member who can jump ashore and tie the boat to it. Securing ropes around both the bow and stern cleats on the boat will prevent it from drifting due to wind or tide.

4. Prepare the trailer

Back on shore, pull the trailer’s winch wire or strap out a few feet and hook it to a part of the trailer where it can be easily reached. At the same time, turn the winch handle until it’s in a position where you won’t have to strain to reach it.

5. Hit reverse

Reversing a boat trailer does require skill and patience. If possible, get a passenger to stand outside the vehicle and guide you. Drive at a slow and steady pace – which will help you avoid jackknifing the trailer – and use your side and rear mirrors to monitor the trailer’s path of travel. Don’t worry if you have to put it back into first gear and try again – practice makes perfect!

6. Line up the trailer and boat

Getting the boat onto the trailer can be a delicate operation, but not difficult if you follow these steps:

Try to get the trailer as straight as possible at the top of the ramp as visibility may be reduced after this point, making it harder to correct your course.
With the engine running, firmly engage your hand brake and place the vehicle in the park position.
Have a friend push the boat from the jetty, slowly releasing bow and stern ropes simultaneously to bring the bow of boat into the center of the rollers/guides.
When the trailer and boat are aligned, connect the winch or strap to the bow eye and take in the slack until the front of the boat is firm against the trailer’s back roller. After this, your friend is free to throw/pass you the bow and stern lines; these can be placed inside the boat for safe keeping. While you are operating the winch, check that the boat is sliding onto the trailer in a straight line. It should align itself naturally against the trailer’s rollers and pads.
Continue to operate the winch until the bow of the boat has made contact with the bow stop. The safety chains can now be connected to secure the boat to the trailer and some slack can be removed from the winch.

Note that the process will differ slightly for drive-on trailers.

7. Get ready for travel

After you have secured the boat, drive back up the ramp to a safe location where you can complete the final steps.

Attach your tiedowns and any placards that your boat may require.
Check that all the lights are working correctly.
Remove the drain plugs at this point to allow excess water to escape during the drive home.
Stow away any loose items such as fishing rods/tackle that may become a hazard on the trip home.

Your boat has now been retrieved and you are ready for the trip home. On arrival back at home, it is always good practice to give your boat and trailer a spray down with clean fresh water to prevent any corrosion that may occur.

Looking for more boat-towing advice? Read our tips on how to safely and easily turn a boat trailer .

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Learning How to Sail 101

By John Rousmaniere
Updated: May 4, 2020

Points of Sail

“The idea of sailing a boat upon the sea can seduce even the happiest farmer or mountain climber. There is something about boat and water that sends romance churning in our hearts, and simply the sight of a boat can inspire a reverie.”

I wrote those words in the first edition of my sailing manual, The Annapolis Book of Seamanship , in 1983. They’re still there today in the updated fourth edition, published in 2014. And yet, as deeply as I feel about boats, I’m certain that when you’re afloat, romantic and magical thinking is no substitute for basic skills and fundamental knowledge.

To quote some other words I wrote back then: “Limitless in her poetry, a sailboat is still restricted by the realities of wind and sea.” Here I’ll describe some important basic skills when learning to sail for dealing with a few of those realities, including some tips and tricks of the seaman’s trade that I have learned and that should make you a more able, safe and confident skipper or crew.

How to Start Sailing

The very first step when you go sailing is to properly prepare yourself for the sometimes demanding and harsh elements you will encounter on the water. Take a wide-brim hat, a waterproof jacket, nonskid sneakers and, of course, a life jacket that fits you securely. Wipe on a gob or two of high-SPF sun lotion, and take the tube with you so you can continue to apply it lavishly. Those who suffer from motion sickness should consider taking a medication, preferably one that you’ve tested for side effects. Before heading out, write up a float plan including your itinerary and important contacts and share it with your friends and family, or your sailing club.

The most unsettling moment of a new sailor’s first day learning to sail often comes when you climb on board and feel the boat move under you. There’s plenty of reserve buoyancy, but if the boat’s small and skittish, you should step into the center of the cockpit. A bigger boat can be boarded via the side deck, but even it may sway and settle a little. Forget about looking graceful. Take advantage of any handhold you can grab.

Once everyone is on board, the skipper must assert command. To quote a wise captain and safety instructor, Karen Prioleau: “When leadership is obscure, tight situations get even tighter.” Assignments are made, gear is stowed, the bilge is pumped, an inspection is conducted to see that all is in order, sails are prepared to hoist, and plans are made to get underway. If the boat has a motor, it can be used to get away from the mooring or dock into open water before setting sail. But for now, let’s concentrate on getting underway on an engineless boat. Start by setting the mainsail, the big sail. The line to the boom (called the mainsheet) must be well eased so the sail, once set, spills wind (luffs) and doesn’t fill prematurely. The boom will flop around, so keep your head low and consider controlling it with a line called a preventer.

Trimming and Tacking a Sailboat

When the skipper says to cast off, up goes the jib, the smaller sail on the bow, also with a loose sheet. Casting off under sail is a little complicated because the boat isn’t moving, which means the rudder has little to no effect. That’s why the boat must be steered with the sails until there’s enough speed (or “steerageway”) for rudder steering. When learning to sail, start with the boat hanging off the mooring or pier; the sails will luff because the wind is blowing from directly ahead. If you’re looking at the bow, you’ll feel the wind on both ears. That angle is sometimes called the “wind’s eye.” Trim the jib—using the winch to bring the sail in, not let it out—to the side opposite the one where you want to sail. If you want to head off to the port side, you “back the jib,” or trim it to the “wrong” side. As the backed jib pulls the bow off, cast off the mooring. Once the wind is on that side, trim the jib to the correct side while also trimming the mainsail as the boat accelerates. In this way, the sails help steer the boat.

An entertaining and educational exercise is to sail a boat toward a buoy or other target on a reach, with the wind coming from the side (or beam) of the boat, and do a series of slow weaves as the sheets are eased and trimmed. When the skipper at the helm and the sail trimmers are in sync, everything goes well (see Figure 1). If you get nervous, slow down by easing the sails until they are just half-filled with wind.

Practice changing tacks. If you start off with the wind coming over the starboard side, you’re on the starboard tack. If the wind is on the port side, you’re on the port tack (see Figure 2). One of the two ways to change tacks is called “coming about,” or “tacking.” The helmsman starts the process by saying, “Ready about,” and after the crew answers that they’re ready, “Hard alee.” With a strong, fluid shove of the tiller or turn of the steering wheel, the bow passes through the eye of the wind and comes off onto the new tack (see Figure 3).

The other way to change tacks is to jibe, pulling the tiller or wheel in the other direction, easing the sheets out, and swinging the stern through the wind’s eye until the boom swings across (see Figure 4). The steerer’s commands are “stand by to jibe” and, after the crew acknowledges, “jibe-ho.” The boom will come across suddenly and rapidly, so all crewmembers must be careful to duck their head as they trim the mainsail and jib to the new sides.

Since we are talking about steering, this may be the place to encourage you to steer from the windward side of the tiller or wheel. The windward side (closer to the wind direction) is higher than the leeward side (farther from the wind) when the boat is heeling, so you will have greater visibility to see “puffs” of wind (the dark shadows moving across the water) as they approach.

Using Telltales

One phenomenon of sailing is that as the boat speeds up or slows down, the wind seems to change direction and force. That’s because there are two types of wind. One, called “true wind,” is the breeze you feel when standing still. The true wind’s velocity and direction are the same for all nearly stationary objects. But if one of those objects moves (like a boat does), its motion affects the true wind to create “apparent wind,” which is felt by people on the moving object.

Sails are trimmed to the apparent wind. You can gauge the apparent-wind direction and force by feeling it on your skin, reading it on an electronic instrument, or seeing it on a telltale, which is a short length of yarn tied to one of the boat’s side stays (shrouds) that support the mast. While all those devices indicate the wind direction, none of them tells you if your sails are trimmed correctly for that direction.

Sails are airfoils, with a deep curve that redirects the apparent wind to produce a force that pulls the boat forward (somewhat like a wing lifting an airplane off a runway). Side force is absorbed and redirected to forward force by the airfoil-shaped fins under the boat, the centerboard and keel. As airfoils, sails should be trimmed to suit the wind, and the boat should sail the most effective angle to that wind.

A simple, effective indicator of that sailing angle is a set of short lengths of special telltales—yarn or ribbons—that are sewn or glued to sails. Some telltales are placed on the jib, near its leading edge (the luff), on both sides of the sail. Ideally, there should be three pairs of jib telltales at equal intervals up and down the sail’s luff. But one pair about halfway up the sail should do the job. Other telltales are secured, one at a time, on the trailing edge of the mainsail (the leech), or at least at or near the second batten from the top. The jib telltales on both sides of the sail should stream aft most of the time, with the windward ones lifting slightly from time to time. The mainsail leech telltale should stream aft about half the time. If your telltales behave differently, try steering closer to or farther off the wind, and experiment with sail trim. An inch or two of sail trim or ease can get them flowing again and make the boat sail faster.

Sailing Rules of the Road

Once you’re sailing, you may be near other boats and worried about who is under an obligation to alter course to avoid a collision. The basic rule is that more maneuverable boats must give way (change course) to avoid boats that are less maneuverable and that, therefore, may continue on their course, giving them right of way. (These are sometimes called “stand-on vessels.”) Usually powerboats must give way to sailboats, but all smaller boats, sail and power, must give way to big ships in a narrow channel and other vessels requiring room to maneuver.

There are a few other basic rules. When one boat is overtaking another, no matter what type, the overtaking boat must give way. When boats under power meet each other bow to bow, they each should turn to starboard so they pass port side to port side. And when sailboats are sailing near each other, without engines turned on, the one on the port tack (with the wind coming over the port side) is obliged to give way to the one on starboard tack. But even if the rules give you the right of way, proceed just as sensibly and defensively as you would when you face the realities of wind and sea at other times in open waters.

Once you’ve mastered these basics, get out on the water as often as possible to hone your skills in all conditions. One of the great things about sailing is that no matter how many miles you cover, there’s something new and different to experience every time you set sail. Congratulations on taking the first step toward what, for so many of us sailors, has become an enjoyable, lifelong pursuit.

Renowned sailing writer John Rousmaniere has logged over 40,000 nautical miles of bluewater sailing, including nine Newport-Bermuda races. This article is based on material from the fourth edition of his comprehensive sailing manual, The Annapolis Book of Seamanship (Simon & Schuster, 2014).

More: How To , learn to sail , sailing 101 , seamanship
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How To: Run Your Boat Out of the Water On Muffs, or Motor Flushers

It’s important to understand how your boats engine works to keep it safe during operation. One of the biggest things to know is it uses water to stay cool, similar to a vehicles cooling system. The major difference between a boat and a vehicle is most boats pump the water it is submerged in from its outboard and through the engine. Some boats do have isolated cooling systems, but the sea water is still pumped into part of the system and through a heat exchanger instead of running through the engine.

Regardless of the style cooling system your boat has, it’s important to know that the outboard either needs to be submerged in the water while running, or needs to be fitted with a supply of water if on land or out of the water. If your boat is currently out of the water, the typical and most universal way of supplying water to it is by using a water flusher, otherwise known as “muffs” or “ear muffs”. These muffs can be seen below.

Types of Engine Flushers

There are a few different styles of muffs you can fit on your boats outboard. The differences are fairly subtle, but we wanted to list them to make readers aware of the different options. Read on below to see the different options offered.

Basic Style

The basic style set of outboard muffs simply has a hose connection on one of the cups, and a cup on the back side that has no water flow and only holds the water in the water intake. On the intake holes for the water on an outboard, either side can be used to feed water as they are connected and feed water to the same passage to the intake water pump. Therefore, only one cup needs a water supply while the other keeps any extra water from exiting the water intake passage.

Dual Flow Style

Another style of muffs that are available is a dual flow option that supplies water to both sets of intake holes on the outboard. While the basic style will get the job done, this style is closer to how the system will run in actual operation with water being fed to both sets of intake holes on the outboard. The water is simply supplied to a T-fitting and split to feed both cups on the flusher.

Large Style

The final style of muffs on the market are a set that have larger cups for outboards that have sets of intake ports that are spread further apart. These are fed from a single side similar to how the basic set is fed but will still deliver enough water to ensure your outboard stays at proper operating temperatures.

How to Run Your Boat Out of Water

Below we’ve given a brief procedure on how to properly install a set of muffs on a boats outboard. It’s important to take care when installing and running motor flushers on your boat as the engine can be damaged if it does not get the proper amount of water it needs for cooling. Taking the time to identify the intake ports and confirming water is flowing through your engine will save you a headache as well as money by avoiding costly repairs.

1. Identify the Water Intake Ports

All outboard units have a water intake passage to receive the water that is pumped to the engine for cooling. In the picture below, the water intake passage on this particular unit is outlined with the orange square. There are a series of holes that accept water into the unit. These water intake holes are what the muffs will be covering.

2. Fully Install the Muffs in the Proper Location

It’s important to note there are holes located on each side of the outboard housing. When installing the muffs they will need to cover the intake holes on each side. Once positioned over the holes on each side, a water hose needs to be fastened to the side that has the threaded insert as seen below. Note the muffs cover all of the water intake holes on both sides of the lower unit. The pictures below show a motor flusher properly in position and connected to a water hose.

3. Turn on the Water Supply

Once the hose is installed and the muffs are firmly in the proper position, turn the water on to bring water through the hose to the outboard. Once water is going to the intake ports the boat can then be started. Make sure to verify the water is going to the muffs before starting the engine, this can be verified as water will be leaking out around the muffs.

4. Start the Boats Engine

At this point, once the water is turned on and running to the outboard unit, the boat can be started. Remember to only start the engine once the water is verified at the outboard itself. If there is an unexpected kink or hole in the hose, water may not reach the unit and could cause damage if overheated.

5. Confirm Water is Circulating Through the Engine

Once the engine is running you should always confirm water is exiting out of the proper ports after it circulates through the engine. This is to confirm the engine is in fact getting water through the entire cooling loop and nothing is clogging it or keeping it from transferring from the muffs to the engine.

Here’s a good video we found that describes the process straight from Shoreline Marine themselves!

Final Thoughts

Congratulations on learning how to properly hook your boat up to muffs! This is a great tool to have to perform work on your boat while it is out of the water. There are many times you’ll want to start your boats engine out of water whether it’s to warm the oil before an oil change, or winterize it before the freezing weather comes your way. Hopefully this article has given a good description of the importance of running your boat with muffs and how it’s properly done!

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Sailboat Cleaning and Maintenance: A Step-by-Step Guide

Sailboats are a fantastic investment for those who enjoy spending time on the water. Not only are they a lot of fun to use, but they also provide a unique way to explore the world and escape from the stresses of daily life. However, like any other investment, sailboats require regular maintenance and cleaning to ensure they stay in good condition and continue to perform at their best.

In this blog post, we’ll provide a detailed guide on how to clean your sailboat and how to keep it well-maintained. Whether you’re a seasoned sailor or a beginner, these tips will help you keep your sailboat looking and functioning its best.

Table of Contents

A Step-by-Step Guide for Cleaning and Maintaining your sailboat

Step 1: clean the deck.

The first step in cleaning your sailboat is to wash down the deck. This will remove any dirt, grime, or debris that has accumulated over time. To do this, use a mild soap and water solution and a soft-bristled brush to scrub the deck. Be sure to pay extra attention to areas that are prone to buildup, such as around the cleats and in the corners.

Step 2: Clean the Hull

Next, move on to the hull of your sailboat. The hull is one of the most important parts of the boat, and keeping it clean will help maintain its appearance and performance. To clean the hull, use a mild soap and water solution and a soft-bristled brush. Start from the bow of the boat and work your way towards the stern, being sure to scrub in a circular motion to remove any buildup or stains.

Step 3: Clean the Windows and Hatches

The windows and hatches on your sailboat are important features that provide natural light and ventilation. To clean these areas, use a solution of vinegar and water, or a specialized window cleaner. Apply the solution to the surface and use a soft cloth to gently scrub away any dirt or grime. Be sure to rinse thoroughly with clean water to prevent streaks.

Step 4: Clean the Sails

The sails are one of the most important components of your sailboat, and keeping them clean and in good condition is essential for optimal performance. To clean your sails, use a mild soap and water solution and a soft-bristled brush. Scrub the sails in a circular motion to remove any dirt or buildup, being sure to pay extra attention to areas that are prone to staining.

Step 5: Clean the Hardware

The hardware on your sailboat, such as the cleats, winches, and fittings, is important for both appearance and functionality. To clean these areas, use a mild soap and water solution and a soft-bristled brush. Scrub the hardware in a circular motion to remove any dirt or grime, being sure to pay extra attention to areas that are prone to rust.

Step 6: Maintain the Paint

The paint on your sailboat is important for both appearance and protection against the elements. To maintain the paint, wash it down regularly with a mild soap and water solution. If the paint is starting to fade or become discolored, consider applying a fresh coat of paint to keep it looking its best.

Step 7: Protect the Wood

If your sailboat has any wooden components, such as teak decks or trim, it’s important to protect them from the elements. To do this, clean the wood regularly with a mild soap and water solution and apply a protective finish to keep it looking its best.

Step 8: Check and Maintain the Rigging

The rigging on your sailboat is important for more ensuring the safety of your boat and its passengers while out on the water. Regularly inspect the rigging for any signs of wear or damage, such as frayed lines or rust on the hardware. If you notice any issues, have them repaired by a professional immediately. Additionally, be sure to adjust the rigging as needed to ensure it remains tight and secure.

Step 9: Store Your Sailboat Properly

When not in use, it’s important to store your sailboat properly to protect it from the elements and prevent damage. If possible, store your sailboat in a covered area, such as a boathouse or covered slip. If this is not possible, invest in a quality boat cover to protect the exterior from rain, wind, and sun.

By following these steps, you can keep your sailboat looking and functioning its best for years to come. Regular cleaning and maintenance is essential for maintaining the appearance, performance, and safety of your boat, and investing the time and effort to do so will be well worth it in the end. Happy sailing!

Key Takeaways:

Clean the deck, hull, windows and hatches, sails, and hardware regularly to maintain their appearance and performance.
Maintain the paint, protect the wood, and inspect and adjust the rigging regularly.
Store your sailboat properly when not in use to protect it from the elements and prevent damage.

Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About Cleaning your Sailboat

Best thing to clean a boat with.

The best thing to clean a boat with depends on the type of material the boat is made of and the type of dirt or grime you are trying to remove. Here are some common materials and the best cleaning products to use:

Fiberglass : A mild soap and water solution or a specialized fiberglass cleaner can be used to clean the surface of a fiberglass boat.
Metal : A solution of vinegar and water can be used to clean metal components on a boat. For rust, use a specialized rust remover.
Sails : A mild soap and water solution can be used to clean sails. For tough stains, consider using a specialized sail cleaner.
Teak Wood : Use a mild soap and water solution to clean teak wood. For long-term protection, apply a teak oil or sealant.
Upholstery : For upholstery, use a mild soap and water solution or a specialized fabric cleaner.

It’s always a good idea to check the manufacturer’s recommendations and test a cleaning solution in an inconspicuous area before using it on the entire boat. Additionally, always use a soft-bristled brush and rinse thoroughly with clean water to prevent streaks or damage to the boat’s surface.

What Is Good For Cleaning Your Vessel That Does Not Harm Lakes Or Rivers

When cleaning your vessel, it’s important to use cleaning products that are environmentally friendly and won’t harm lakes or rivers. Some of the best cleaning products for cleaning your vessel that are eco-friendly and safe for the environment include:

Biodegradable Soap : Biodegradable soap is a gentle cleaning solution that can be used on all types of boats. It is made from natural ingredients that break down quickly in the environment and won’t harm aquatic life or vegetation.
Baking Soda : Baking soda can be used as a gentle abrasive cleaner for removing dirt, grime, and stains from the boat’s surface. Simply mix with water to create a paste, and use a soft brush to scrub the surface.
White Vinegar : White vinegar is a natural, eco-friendly cleaning solution that can be used to clean and deodorize various parts of the boat. Mix with water to create a solution and use a cloth or spray bottle to clean.
Lemon Juice : Lemon juice is a natural degreaser and can be used to clean grease and oil from the boat’s surface. Simply mix with water and use a cloth to clean.
Castile Soap : Castile soap is a natural, plant-based soap that can be used for cleaning various parts of the boat. It is gentle and biodegradable, making it a safe and environmentally friendly option.

Remember to always rinse the boat thoroughly with clean water after cleaning to prevent any residual cleaning products from entering the water. Additionally, avoid using cleaning products that contain harsh chemicals, such as bleach or ammonia, as these can harm aquatic life and the ecosystem.

Household Products To Clean Boat

There are many household products that can be used to clean a boat, including:

White Vinegar : White vinegar is a natural cleaning solution that can be used to clean and deodorize various parts of the boat. Mix with water to create a solution and use a cloth or spray bottle to clean.
Olive Oil : Olive oil can be used to clean and protect the boat’s exterior, especially if it has a gelcoat finish. Simply apply a small amount of oil to a cloth and use it to polish the surface.
Cornstarch : Cornstarch can be used to clean and polish fiberglass surfaces. Simply mix with water to create a paste and use a soft brush to scrub the surface.

Remember to always rinse the boat thoroughly with clean water after cleaning to prevent any residual cleaning products from entering the water. Additionally, always test a cleaning solution in an inconspicuous area before using it on the entire boat to avoid any damage or discoloration.

How To Clean A Fiberglass Boat

Cleaning a fiberglass boat requires a gentle approach to avoid damaging the surface. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to clean a fiberglass boat:

Rinse the Boat : Rinse the boat with a hose or pressure washer to remove any loose dirt or debris. This will help prevent scratches when you wash the boat.
Mix Cleaning Solution : Mix a cleaning solution using a mild soap and water or a specialized fiberglass cleaner. Avoid using harsh chemicals, such as bleach or ammonia, as they can damage the surface of the fiberglass.
Apply Cleaning Solution : Apply the cleaning solution to the boat using a soft-bristled brush or sponge. Start from the top and work your way down, paying extra attention to areas with heavy dirt or grime.
Scrub the Surface : Gently scrub the surface of the boat, working in small sections. Be sure to rinse the brush or sponge frequently to prevent the spread of dirt and grime.
Rinse the Boat : Rinse the boat thoroughly with clean water to remove all the cleaning solution and dirt. Use a hose or pressure washer for best results.
Dry the Boat : Allow the boat to air dry or use a clean, dry cloth to remove any water droplets. Avoid using towels or sponges that can leave lint or scratch the surface.

It’s always a good idea to check the manufacturer’s recommendations and test a cleaning solution in an inconspicuous area before using it on the entire boat. Additionally, it’s important to clean your boat regularly to keep it in good condition and prevent damage from build-up of dirt and grime.

Boat Cleaning Hacks

Here are some useful boat cleaning hacks to make the process easier and more efficient:

Use a Pressure Washer : A pressure washer is a powerful tool that can quickly remove dirt and grime from the boat’s surface. Just be sure to use a low-pressure setting to avoid damaging the fiberglass.
Duct Tape for Stains : Duct tape can be used to remove stubborn stains from the boat’s surface. Simply wrap the tape around your fingers, sticky side out, and gently rub the stain. Repeat as necessary until the stain is removed.
Aluminum Foil for Chrome : Aluminum foil can be used to clean chrome parts on the boat. Simply crumple a piece of foil into a ball and use it to scrub the surface. The foil will remove rust and tarnish, leaving the chrome looking shiny and new.
WD-40 for Rust : WD-40 is a multi-purpose lubricant that can also be used to remove rust from metal parts on the boat. Simply spray the rust with WD-40, let it sit for a few minutes, and then scrub with a wire brush. Repeat as necessary until the rust is removed.
Use a Car Wax : Car wax can be used to protect the boat’s surface and keep it looking shiny. Simply apply the wax according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and buff with a clean, dry cloth.

These hacks can help make cleaning your boat easier and more efficient. However, it’s still important to use the proper cleaning solutions and techniques to avoid damaging the boat’s surface. And always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning and maintenance.

What can I use to clean my sailboat?

To clean your sailboat, you can use a combination of cleaning solutions and tools, such as:

Mild soap and water : A mixture of mild soap and water is a safe and effective cleaning solution for removing dirt and grime from the boat’s surface.
Specialized boat cleaner : There are many specialized boat cleaners available that are designed for specific cleaning tasks, such as removing bird droppings, algae, or tough stains.
White vinegar : White vinegar is a natural cleaning solution that can be used to clean and deodorize various parts of the boat. Simply mix with water to create a solution and use a cloth or spray bottle to clean.
Lemon juice : Lemon juice is a natural degreaser and can be used to clean grease and oil from the boat’s surface. Simply mix with water and use a cloth to clean.
Soft-bristled brush : A soft-bristled brush can be used to scrub the boat’s surface without causing damage. Use it to apply the cleaning solution and remove dirt and grime.
Microfiber cloths : Microfiber cloths are gentle on the boat’s surface and absorb dirt and grime effectively. Use them to clean and dry the boat after rinsing.
Hose or pressure washer : A hose or pressure washer can be used to rinse the boat thoroughly and remove any remaining cleaning solution or dirt.

It’s important to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning and maintenance, and always test a cleaning solution in an inconspicuous area before using it on the entire boat to avoid any damage or discoloration.

How do I clean my sailboat sails at home?

Here are the steps for cleaning your sailboat sails at home:

Remove the sails from the boat : Before cleaning the sails, remove them from the boat and lay them flat on a clean surface.
Brush off dirt and debris: Use a soft-bristled brush to remove any dirt and debris from the sails.
Mix a cleaning solution : Mix a cleaning solution using mild soap and water, or use a specialized sail cleaner.
Apply the cleaning solution : Using a soft-bristled brush or a spray bottle, apply the cleaning solution to the sails. Scrub the sails thoroughly, paying special attention to any stained or discolored areas.
Rinse the sails : Rinse the sails thoroughly with a hose or pressure washer to remove any remaining cleaning solution or dirt.
Dry the sails : Lay the sails flat in a well-ventilated area to air dry. Avoid drying them in direct sunlight, as this can cause the sails to shrink or become discolored.
Store the sails properly : Once the sails are dry, fold them neatly and store them in a dry, protected area.

It’s important to always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning and maintaining your sailboat sails, and to avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials that can damage the sails. Regular cleaning and maintenance will help extend the life of your sails and keep them looking and performing their best.

Can I pressure wash my sailboat?

Yes, you can pressure wash your sailboat, but it’s important to use the proper pressure setting to avoid damaging the boat’s surface.

Fiberglass boats are typically pressure washed using a low-pressure setting of around 1,000-1,500 psi. This will remove dirt and grime without causing damage to the gelcoat. If you’re unsure about the pressure setting to use, consult the boat’s manufacturer or a professional boat cleaner for guidance.

It’s also important to avoid aiming the pressure washer directly at any delicate or sensitive areas, such as seals, electrical components, or fittings. And, always be sure to wear eye protection and avoid using a pressure washer near anyone else.

Finally, be sure to rinse the boat thoroughly after pressure washing to remove any residual soap or cleaning solution that may have been used.

Overall, pressure washing can be an effective tool for cleaning your sailboat, but it’s important to use caution and follow the manufacturer’s recommendations to avoid causing any damage.

Do you wax a sailboat? How often should you wax a sailboat?

Yes, you can wax a sailboat to protect the gelcoat and improve its appearance. Regular waxing can help prevent oxidation and keep the boat looking shiny and new.

The frequency of waxing will depend on several factors, including the type of wax used, the climate, and the amount of time the boat spends in the water. As a general rule, it’s a good idea to wax the boat at least once a year, or more often if the boat is kept in the water for long periods of time or is exposed to harsh elements.

When waxing your sailboat, it’s important to use a high-quality boat wax that is specifically designed for the type of boat you have. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application and always test the wax in a small, inconspicuous area before waxing the entire boat.

Waxing your sailboat is a simple task that can help protect and preserve its appearance for many years to come. Just be sure to use the proper tools and materials, and to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for best results.

Should you wash your boat after every use?

It’s a good idea to wash your boat after every use, especially if it has been exposed to saltwater, dirt, or other contaminants. Regular washing can help prevent the build-up of grime and other substances that can damage the boat’s finish and impact its performance over time.

However, if you only use your boat in freshwater and it is not heavily soiled, you may be able to skip washing after every use.

When washing your boat, be sure to use a mild soap and water solution and a soft-bristled brush or sponge to avoid causing damage to the gelcoat. Rinse the boat thoroughly with fresh water after washing, and avoid washing the boat in direct sunlight, which can cause the gelcoat to dry too quickly and become dull or discolored.

Overall, regular washing is an important part of maintaining your sailboat and helping to protect its appearance and performance. Just be sure to use the proper cleaning materials and techniques, and to rinse the boat thoroughly after washing to avoid any residual soap or cleaning solution.

Do you wax or polish a boat first?

It depends on the condition of the boat and the desired outcome. If your boat has a dull or oxidized finish, it’s best to start by removing the oxidation with a boat cleaner or oxidation remover. Once the oxidation has been removed, you can then apply a coat of boat wax to protect the gelcoat and improve its shine.

If your boat’s gelcoat is in good condition, you can start by polishing it to enhance its shine. A boat polish will help remove any light scratches and imperfections, and will also provide some protection against the elements.

Once the boat has been polished, you can then apply a coat of boat wax for added protection and to help maintain the shine.

It’s important to note that both boat wax and boat polish are designed to work together, and using both can help keep your boat looking its best. Just be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for best results, and to avoid using any abrasive materials or harsh chemicals that can cause damage to the gelcoat.

How do I dry my boat after washing it?

After washing your boat, it’s important to dry it thoroughly to avoid water spots and other damage. Here are some tips for drying your boat:

Use a soft, absorbent cloth : Use a soft, absorbent cloth, such as a microfiber towel, to gently dry the boat. Start at the bow and work your way to the stern, making sure to dry all surfaces including the deck, hull, and windows.
Avoid direct sunlight : Try to dry your boat in a shaded area or under a cover to avoid water spots caused by direct sunlight.
Air dry : If possible, let the boat air dry for a few hours. This will help evaporate any remaining moisture and prevent water spots.
Use a fan : If you need to dry your boat quickly, you can use a fan to speed up the process. Just be sure to place the fan so that it is blowing air over the boat and not directly onto it.
Protect delicate areas : If your boat has any delicate areas, such as electronics or canvas, be sure to cover them before washing the boat to protect them from water damage.

By following these tips, you can help ensure that your boat dries thoroughly and without water spots or other damage. Just be sure to avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, which can cause damage to the gelcoat or other surfaces.

Boat Cleaning Products

There are many different types of boat cleaning products available on the market, each designed to clean specific areas or surfaces of a boat. Here are some of the most common types of boat cleaning products:

Boat soap : A mild, non-abrasive soap designed specifically for boats. Boat soap is usually formulated with ingredients that are safe for the environment and won’t harm the boat’s finish.
Boat cleaner : A cleaning solution designed to remove dirt, grime, and other contaminants from the boat’s surface. Some boat cleaners are formulated to target specific types of buildup, such as salt deposits or oxidation.
Boat wax: A protectant that helps protect the boat’s gelcoat and enhance its shine. Boat wax can be applied to the boat’s surface with a cloth or a foam applicator, and is available in both liquid and paste form.
Boat polish : A product that is used to enhance the shine of a boat’s gelcoat. Boat polish helps remove light scratches and oxidation, and is typically used after the boat has been cleaned.
Oxidation remover : A cleaning solution designed to remove stubborn oxidation from a boat’s gelcoat. Oxidation removers are typically used on older boats or boats that have been exposed to harsh weather conditions.
Teak cleaner: A cleaner specifically designed for cleaning teak decks or other teak surfaces on a boat. Teak cleaners are formulated to remove dirt, grime, and other buildup, while helping to preserve the natural beauty of the wood.

When choosing boat cleaning products, it’s important to consider the type of boat you have and the specific cleaning needs you have. Always be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and to use the products as directed, and avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasives that can damage the boat’s finish.

Emily Smith

Emily Smith is a passionate sailor and travel enthusiast, who has spent the last 8 years exploring the world by boat. From the tranquil waters of the Great Lakes to the roughest oceans, Emily has sailed it all and decided to share the knowledge on Sailingbetter.com blog. With a keen eye for detail and a talent for storytelling, Emily offers readers an insight into the thrilling world of sailing and the beautiful destinations it can take you to. When she's not out on the water, Emily calls Chicago, Illinois home and enjoys sharing her love for sailing with others. Join her on her journey as she continues to discover new horizons and inspire others to live life to the fullest.

A Beginner's Guide to Sailing a Sailboat

Key Information for Beginners and Sailors

There are many ways to learn to sail:

You can just jump in a boat with a friend and try to learn from experience
You can sign up for a formal course at a sailing school
You can buy or borrow a small sailboat and do it all on your own

No matter which way works best for you, it helps to understand the boat and what's involved in sailing first before you're out on the water, where suddenly you might get into trouble.

The Basic Steps of Sailing

Sailing involves both specific knowledge and skills. The following are the basic steps of learning to sail- as much as you can learn while not actually on a boat. You don't have to follow this order; skip ahead if you already know some of the basics. If you're mostly new to sailing, you might want to proceed through these steps like chapters in a manual.

Understand Basic Sailing Terms. To get into sailing, you have to understand the words that are used to talk about the sailboat and the skills used to sail. Start here with a review of basic sailing terms. Don't worry about memorizing everything as many of these terms and concepts will become clearer as you read on about how to do it.
Learn the Parts of the Boat. Before you go on the boat, it's helpful to know the words used in different parts of the boat. Even if you have an instructor, he or she won't say "Grab that rope over there and pull it," but instead will say "Haul in the jib sheet!" Review the basic boat terms you'll need to know.
Start an Online Course. Now you're ready to learn more about what all those parts of the boat are used for. Here you can start an online learn-to-sail course by learning more about the parts of the boat along with a lot of photos, so you'll see what to do.
Rig the Boat. Read to go sailing now? Hold it a minute- you have to rig the boat first by putting on sails and making other preparations. Here again are a lot of photos of what to do on a typical small sailboat used by beginners.
Review Basic Sailing Techniques. OK, now you have the boat ready- so what do you do now to make it go? Manage the sails to go in the direction you want by learning basic sailing techniques.
Discover How to Maneuver. Sailing in a set direction is reasonably easy, but eventually, you'll have to change direction. That often involves tacking and gybing. Take a moment to learn what's involved in these critical maneuvers.
Recover From a Capsize. Now you've got the basics down. But did anyone ever tell you that small sailboats often tip over if the wind is gusting? Be prepared and carefully see how to recover from a capsize .
Dock or Anchor the Boat. Now you're out there sailing and you've got the boat under control. Learn how to go faster, dock or anchor the boat and use some of the equipment you've ignored so far. Take a look at some of these additional sailing skills.
Practice Tying Knots. For thousands of years, sailors have used times where it is cold or raining by doing things like tying knots. Knots are important on a sailboat and you will need to learn at least some basic sailing knots to sail at all.
Sail Safely. At this point, plus practice on the water, you're good to go. However, it's good to remember that water is a dangerous place. Learn the basics about sailing safety. Staying safe makes it easier to keep having fun out there.

Learn How to Sail a Small Sailboat

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How to Rig Your Small Sailboat and Prepare to Sail

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Learn the Parts of a Sailboat and How to Communicate Them

How to Plan For a New Adventure in Scuba Diving

The 10 Best Freestyle Snowboards to Upgrade To

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My Cruiser Life Magazine

Starting Motor Out Of Water: How to Do It Safely

You might want to start a boat out of the water for many reasons, from boat maintenance to just running it to circulate its oil. But without care, running the boat’s engine dry can cause damage. This is because boat engines depend on the water around them to cool their internal parts, just like cars need water in their radiators.

So, should it be done? And if so, how is it done without damaging anything? Here’s a look at how to do it safely.

Can you start a boat out of water – good idea or bad, what if you accidently started your boat out of the water, outboard engines or outboard-inboard (i/o) boats, inboard boat engine, how to start a boat motor out of the water, faqs (frequently asked questions).

Let’s set the record straight right now–it’s a bad idea .

Here’s why.

Boat engines use raw water for cooling, and the water pump relies on a small rubber impeller to draw water from outside the boat.
Running the pump out of water causes rapid heat buildup inside the pump, leading to the impeller rubbing against the pump housing walls.
In a matter of seconds, the impeller can begin to fail, especially if there are sand, grit, or salt deposits in the pump or water lines.
A failing impeller can break apart, with bits potentially clogging the engine’s water passageways.
These issues decrease the water pump’s effectiveness and reduce the engine’s cooling capacity.
While the impeller is a relatively inexpensive service part that should be replaced annually, replacing the pump housing is much more costly.
Replacing the impeller is time-consuming, requiring removal of the entire lower unit, and can cost $300 or more if done by a mechanic.

Nearly every marine engine uses raw water to cool itself. Most people believe that since they are only starting the engine–not leaving the engine running or letting it get hot–it will be fine. But this overlooks the problems you’ll have in the future.

The water pump of a boat engine uses a small rubber impeller to suck water from outside the boat through the motor. The rubber is soft and flexible. The pump housing is cast from aluminum or bronze and has no lubrication other than the water moving through it. The pump’s drive shaft is connected to the engine drive shaft–so if the motor is on, the pump is always spinning.

If you run the pump out of the water, heat builds up quickly inside the pump. The rubber blades of the impeller rub the walls of the pump housing. In a matter of seconds, the impeller will begin failing. If there are any sand, grit, or salt deposits in the pump or water lines, the impeller will begin rubbing and scoring the pump housing. If the impeller starts breaking apart, bits of it can get sucked farther into the engine, where it could clog up the water passageways.

All of these things decrease the effectiveness of your water pump and decrease the amount of cooling your engine gets. The rubber impeller is a service part you should replace at least annually. Sidenote: When was the last time you replaced your impeller?

But replacing the pump housing is much more expensive. And even though the impeller is a $10 or $15 part, it still takes the better part of an hour to get the job done, even if you’ve done it many times. The whole lower unit needs to come off the motor! Expect a mechanic to charge $300 or more for the job.

Okay, so your numb-skull brother-in-law started your boat out of the water. If you caught him in the act or he fessed up, there are a few things you can do now to make sure no further damage is done.

If he didn’t fess up and you didn’t catch him, you might have no idea what happened until things start going wrong.

Any overheating signs indicate it’s time to replace your impeller . Impellers are cheap, and if you’re handy, it’s a good idea to keep a few on hand.

Signs of overheating might include the following. These are just a few of the ways of how to tell if your outboard water pump is bad .

Tell-tale (aka the “pee hole”) water flow reduced
The water temperature gauge is rising (unfortunately, many boats lack this vital gauge!)
Overheating alarm
Loss of power
Inability to add power
Boat won’t plane
Engine stops unexpectedly

The most important part of this list is the first item. Marine engines have a visual indicator to let you see the water flowing through the engine. On outboards, this is a tell-tale–a small, steady stream of water that shoots off to the side of the engine. If the flow of this water ever changes or goes away, check your impeller ASAP.

So if you have a clue that your pump might be going bad or is already shot, get on replacing it or call the mechanic.

How to Start a Boat Out of Water

So your boat is on the trailer or in the yard, and you need to run it. Here’s how to run a boat motor out of the water.

Outboard motors pick up their outside water using inlet screens just above the lower unit’s propeller. The water pump and impeller are inside the lower unit, just above those inlets.

The best way to start your motor out of the water is to attach a flushing kit over those inlets. A flushing kit, sometimes called ear muffs or motor flusher muffs, attaches to a garden hose and fits snugly over the inlets.

Camco Boat Dual Water Feed Motor Flusher - Flushes Contaminates Out of Your Boat Engine | Dual Input Design | Connects to Standard Water Hoses |Great for Winterization - (50141)

Turn the hose on full blast. Water will spray in every direction, but it’s okay. Now you can start the engine because there’s plenty of fresh water for the impeller to work fine. Run the engine as long as you need, but don’t go much above idle. You will see water coming out of the tell-tale, but it might not be as forceful as it is when in the water.

Boat Motor Muffs Outboard Motor Muffs and Inboard I/O Ear Flusher Motor Flush Warmer Parts Hose Adapter Boat Muffs Outboard Engine Flush Marine Use Kit Boat Accessories Winterizing Flushing & Warming

Alternatively, you could use a large trash can or bucket underneath the engine instead of a flush kit. The key is to ensure that the intake ports on the lower unit are completely submerged and not sucking any air. Leave the hose running into the bucket while the motor runs so the water supply doesn’t get too low.

Inboard motors get their outside water through a through-hull fitting (water intake hole) somewhere on the hull. Your boat probably has a few of them, which may look similar. Make sure you’re supplying water to the right one.

Similar to outboards, you can buy a garden hose attachment for inboard boats at your local marine store. They look like a fancy toilet plunger. However, these have a habit of popping off, so use them carefully.

There’s generally no way to make a bucket or trash can work with this type of engine. You could go inside the boat and supply water through the strainer. Better yet, take the hose off between the strainer and the motor. Then, plug the garden water hose directly into that. You’ll need some fittings from your hardware store, of course. Make sure you put it all back together when you’re done, and ensure all hose clamps are replaced and secure. Double check them the next time you run the boat.

Seachoice 18331 Adjustable Inboard Engine Flusher with Telescoping Shaft – Perfect for Hard-to-Reach Motors

Designed to flush sand, silt, and alkali from your inboard engine
Easily installs on raw water strainer for inboard engines without tools
Telescoping shaft ensures precise alignment, especially in hard-to-reach areas
Shaft length: 18-1/2 to 31 inches
Large diameter suction cup eliminates fall-off or blow-by while flushing

Prices pulled from the Amazon Product Advertising API on:

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.

Many newer boats come with some plumbing built-in that makes flushing the engine easy. Some of these systems are designed to run water through the system to clean it out but shouldn’t be used when the motor is running. Read your engine’s owner’s manual to figure out exactly how you use yours and whether starting a boat out of water is okay. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations to the letter–there should be a step-by-step guide in the manual.

With caution! Don’t just turn the key; take the time to do it right. Your motor will thank you, as will Future You. Future You will be very happy about all the money you saved them.

For more boat troubleshooting:

Boat Gas Tank Vent Problems
How to Tell if Your Outboard Water Pump is Bad

How long can a boat engine run out of water?

There is no acceptable amount of time to run a boat engine out of the water. If you’re on dry land and need to start your boat engine, you need to find a way to hook the motor up to a hose and supply it with cooling water first. Starting the engine–even for a moment–can cause damage to the water pump and cause overheating issues in the future.

Can I start my inboard boat out of water?

No. Doing so will damage the raw water impeller. Instead, you will need to find a way to attach a garden hose to run the engine so that it has plenty of cooling water flowing through the system.

Does boat motor need to be in water to start?

Yes, absolutely. Starting an engine out of the water will damage its water pump.

What happens if you start an outboard out of water?

An outboard engine is cooled by raw seawater, fed through the engine by a rubber impeller. The impeller is mounted on the driveshaft and spins whenever the engine spins. The rubber impeller relies on the water to lubricate it as it spins. If it is run dry, it is easily damaged. This will lead to problems with your engine overheating the next time you head out on the water.

Matt has been boating around Florida for over 25 years in everything from small powerboats to large cruising catamarans. He currently lives aboard a 38-foot Cabo Rico sailboat with his wife Lucy and adventure dog Chelsea. Together, they cruise between winters in The Bahamas and summers in the Chesapeake Bay.

Can I start an electric outboard engine our of water?

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Bailers, Pumps and Other Systems for Getting Water Out of a Small Boat

by Colin Angus 6 Comments

Some boats are shaped so that all water that comes aboard is removed with gravity. This is how a typical cruising sailboat works. The cockpit is raised above the waterline, and a simple drainage system allows water to quickly flow away. With smaller boats, however, having cockpits high enough to self-drain is usually impractical, so there is always the potential to accumulate water in the cockpit. For un-decked boats much more water can collect and quickly become dangerous.

So what is the most effective way of removing water from your small vessel? As with most things there is no one good answer. There are a variety of solutions depending on expected sea state, the type of vessel, and a great number of other factors. Below we go through the pros and cons of various water extraction solutions.

Hand Bailer and Sponge: There’s no denying that this classic

solution is effective, economical and reliable. Whether you’re in a canoe, a rowboat or any other type of small craft this is a good solution for quickly removing water. It can be faster than an electric pump, and the sponge can be used to remove every last bit of water that can’t be scooped. Make sure to use a bailer suitably sized for your cockpit. A big bucket may not be effective in a small cluttered space. A plastic juice pitcher can work well, or robust bailers can be purchased at most marine stores. Be sure to have it secured to your vessel so it doesn’t wash away.

The downside to a hand bailer is it requires one person to take their hands away from other tasks such as rowing or steering. In modest conditions this may not be a big deal, but in monster boat-rolling waves, it may be necessary to have all hands (especially for singlehanders) keeping the boat under control.

Regardless of whether another system is used, a bailer is always good to have

as a backup system.

Hand Pump: For most situations in a small boat, I don’t recommend a portablehand pump. Usually, a bailer is faster and is most definitely more reliable and less expensive. The only time a hand pump is superior is when water needs to be drawn from a hard to access space where the hand bailer is too large to fit in. It can be useful for extracting water from leaky lockers or other compartments.

Suction Self-Bailing Systems: The Andersen Self Bailer is the best example of a suction self bailing system. It is mounted in the lowest part of the hull, and the device can be opened or closed depending on whether it is needed. When opened, it protrudes through the bottom of the hull. The low pressure (read turbulence) created from movement through the water on the back side of the device sucks water out.

The advantage of this system is it’s simple, reliable and hands free, so significantly increases safety when all hands are required for boat control.

I used the Andersen Self Bailer on the sailing RowCruiser, and less than thrilled with the results. It did work well and effectively at high speeds (about 4.5+ knots) – in the kinds of conditions when waves are crashing over the boat and you need it to work. However, at lower speeds, when closed it would always leak, requiring continuous mopping of the bilge with a sponge. Basically, I ended up bailing the boat twice as much because of my Andersen Self Bailer. I wasn’t a big fan of having all my cockpit gear soggy when calm water cruising. It also didn't work well when rowing instead of sailing.

A suction bailer is useful in a fast sailing dinghy-style boat where continuous splashing and water are a part of the fun, but not so ideal in broader use recreational craft where having some time with a completely dry cockpit is appreciated. Additionally, an Andersen Bailer does not work well in human powered craft where the lower speeds aren’t sufficient for the system to work.

Electric Bilge Pump With Internal Float Switch

thrilled with the results. Often, electric bilge pumps are associated with larger boats due to their complexity and associated power systems, however, I found they work surprisingly well in small boats as well.

I installed the electric bilge pump in one of our Expedition boats as I prepared for the first leg of the R2AK – a treacherous crossing of the Juan de Fuca Strait. Normally, with the Expedition, I’ve simply used a hand bailer in rougher conditions when waves occasionally washed into the cockpit.

With gale-force winds forecast, I decided to quickly re-think my water extraction system. If the waves were huge, it might not be possible to take my hands off the oars.

After a quick search on Amazon.ca, I found a small lithium ion battery pack and a small 600 GPH (gallons per hour) bilge pump . The pump had an internal float switch, which is ideal in a small cluttered environment. The lithium ion battery pack outputted 12 volts (which is not common) required for the bilge pump.

The bilge pump consumes about 30 watts and the lithium ion battery pack has a capacity of 72 Wh, meaning the bilge pump could run continuously for over two hours on a full charge. This seemed pretty good for a battery pack that weighed less than a lb.

Because I was in a rush to install it, I merely secured the bilge pump to the bottom of the cockpit with a dollop of epoxy, and duct taped the non-waterproof battery inside the aft compartment. I drilled a small hole through the bulkhead to run the wires and sealed it with a dollop of caulk. There are two positive wires that come from the pump – one that bypasses the float switch, allowing you to manually turn it on. The best way to make use of this is to install a switch of sorts. In my haste, I just had two bare wires that could be connected for a manual emergency override. Fortunately, the float switch worked perfectly, so I didn’t need to use the override.

The long and short is the system worked very well. I ended up voyaging through breaking waves of up to 12 feet, and the cockpit was fully flooded countless times. I needed to keep my hands on the oars at all times to keep from broaching, and this pump system allowed me to do that. You can read about this adventure here.

Because of the flat bottom of the cockpit, the pump was never able to suck out the last quart or so of water, but this was not a safety concern. For those looking to maximize the effectiveness of a pump system, a well/sump can be created in the cockpit. While this would require cutting a hole in the boat, and having some sort of streamlined pod protruding out from the hull, it would allow for a very dry interior, and create much less drag than an Andersen bailer.

Overall, I was very impressed with the electric pump system, and plan on continuing to use this system for big-water rowing. I feel an electric pump with a backup bailer offers the greatest level of safety and effectiveness.

Capsize Water Extraction: This is perhaps the most exhilarating (or scariest) way of removing water from your boat. This solution only works for a few designs where the cockpit is shaped to shed water in the righting process. When the boat flips over, the water drains out, and when the boat is righted no water re-enters the cockpit. This method of “quick bailing” is only suitable in warm climates or when rowing with drysuits/wetsuits. Alternatively, it’s very useful for accidental capsizes, which allows you to right the boat and be underway again in seconds. It’s extraordinarily reassuring in the panicky conditions that accompany a capsize to have a dry boat, rather than a vessel full of water. Both our Expedition boat and RowCruiser are designed to shed water in a capsize, and you can see how this concept works in this video.

Colin Angus

6 responses.

James Gibling

October 05, 2022

I remember seeing your pump when I came in on R2AK 2022. After reading your blog, I decided to pick up the electric bilge pump. Spent a good time under that 4.5 knot speed for the Anderson self bailer to work properly so my bailing bucket got to much use haha! Thanks for the detailed blog! Always appreciated!

Hi Colin, I’ve been thinking about this having read your R2AK adventure. Have you or anyone else tried the foot pressure bilge pumps that kayakers use? Something like this: http://www.kirtonkayaks.co.uk/home/customise/137-footpump – not great for full-on storm conditions but probably work for the occasional wave in more normal conditions?

August 04, 2022

That’s a good question, James. Normally, the standard gasket and well-cinched straps are enough for regular conditions, and the worst that’s going to happen is you may get a few cups of water in the compartments. However, when I’m doing particularly nasty stuff, out in big waves and more than five miles from shore, I put a wrap of duct tape around the perimeter of the hatches. That’s what I did for the R2AK, and there wasn’t a drop of water in the boat despite the submarining adventures.

Here’s some useful information posted by Michael B on our FB page: Good article!! Totally agree that for the most part conditions that put water in the expedition cockpit are conditions where you’re unlikely to be able to take hands off the oars. Minor edit – gph = gallons per hour, not gallons per minute. That’d be a serious pump!! 😁👍 Also fwiw – RC plane/car lipo batteries are an option. They’re nominally 3.7v/cell, 4.2v fully charged. So 3 cell (called 3s in the RC world) are 12.6v fully charged, and 4s are 16.8v fully charged. I’ve used both as 12v vehicle battery replacements. They’re very light weight for the power available. You do need to use a charger specifically designed for them, and you do need to read up on lipo battery safety as they are capable of catching on fire if mistreated. You can also get motorcycle batteries in lipo these days that have some built in protection circuitry, and many can be charged with “regular” chargers. NW company Dakota Lithium makes very high quality lipo batteries, and does also have some self-contained battery box options. Ralph Allen has some experience with Dakota products I believe in his beautiful rowboat Starlight. I currently have a 50w solar panel charging a lead-acid motorcycle battery I use to keep the GPS and vhf radio charged which will eventually be changed to lipo. Adding a bilge pump should be a breeze! How did you run the discharge pipe from the pump?

August 15, 2022

Great post, thanks Colin. How did you modify the hatches of the Expedition to be watertight and secure in big seas? I’m currently thinking of ways to secure my Expedition hatches to cope with short steep chop bashing at them.

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The summer of 2023 saw three audacious teams, including one using our very own RowCruiser boats, aiming to be the first to traverse NW Passage solely by human power within a single season. As the season concludes, we've chronicled these attempts, and catalogued past human-powered endeavors to navigate the Northwest Passage.

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Digital Edition

Water for sailing: We survey the ARC fleet to find popular options

Toby Hodges
June 24, 2021

How to stow, conserve or generate drinking water for sailing is key for any offshore sailor. Toby Hodges surveyed the 81 skippers of the ARC 2020 fleet for tips

Water is the source of all life. For any sailor considering extended cruising or an ocean crossing , the ability to carry or produce sufficient fresh water for sailing is a top priority.

But how do you decide how much water to ship or how best to generate your own? Our survey of the Atlantic Rally for Cruisers (ARC) fleet last year focused on water.

We asked the skippers how much water they carried for sailing, in what form, how it was used and, for the majority with watermakers, detailed questions about the generation of water and how the equipment performed at sea.

Since we last ran a survey on this topic in 2014 our collective attitude towards waste has arguably changed for the better. That fleet of 193 yachts carried over 28 tonnes of bottled water with them across to the Caribbean. All sailors today should consider how every consumable item they carry aboard will be disposed of when they reach their destination.

Pogo 12.50 Rush. Photo: James Mitchell

The main decision ocean sailors face with water stowage is whether to fit a watermaker, which is both a practical and a financial decision. Generating your own water is one of the best investments cruising sailors can make towards comfort and true independence.

ARC skippers over the past two decades have consistently described watermakers as one of their most vital pieces of equipment. “To us, a watermaker is the single best thing you can have for cruising by a fair margin and fully changes the game,” thinks Rush ’s Ian Baylis.

Three-quarters of the skippers who replied to our survey had watermakers aboard. The seven yachts listed as not carrying one were all smaller entries between 35ft and 45ft and typically over 20-year-old models. They carried extra water in bottles and jerrycans and used it sparingly.

Usage and conservation of water for sailing

Being frugal with water becomes second nature to most cruisers. The majority of respondents said their crew only showered every three days, 12 every two days and 13 daily.

One of the most common pieces of advice from skippers concerning water conservation is to fit a saltwater tap and to use seawater whenever you can. “Cook with salt water when possible,” advises the crew of Montana , a Swan 48 S&S from 1973. Yet over half of the respondents did not have a saltwater tap fitted in their galley, nor even a manual freshwater pump in the galley or the heads.

“The saltwater tap in the galley is essential,” thinks Tobias Gröpper on his Sunbeam 44 Pivot . “We still have 50% of our tank capacity on arrival although we took showers etc.”

Jorn Aalefjær, the Norwegian skipper of Ticora III , and Dane Martin Nielsen aboard his Jeanneau 53 also both stressed the benefit of fitting a saltwater tap.

Suffisant , one of the smallest entrants, a Beneteau Oceanis Clipper 331 from 1990, has only small tanks, but uses a Katadyn Power Survivor 40E watermaker. They used salt water to wash with and had manual taps fitted in the galley and heads.

Swiss skipper Marina Passet says: “Salt water is no use for washing clothes, but can be used for brushing teeth, washing dishes and vegetables.”

Article continues below…

Water on board: what should you carry? We ask ARC skippers for tips for an Atlantic crossing

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Seasoned cruising sailors the Blacks aboard Bowman 57 Emily Morgan , say they have used their set-up for 8,500 miles and would not do anything differently. They relied on their Spectra Ventura watermaker, but advise closely monitoring the tanks: “We graph tank levels daily,” says Anna Black. “If the level is below the line then no more fresh water showers until it returns. Allow 20% extra in case of problems.”

Many other crews, including on the Sunbeam 42.1 Ibex , were happy relying on desalinated water without needing large back-up quotas of water.

The Chung family aboard Kaizen use a four-filter system to purify their water and drink everything from the tank. They have an instant hotwater tap, and “we make our own sparkling water and have reuse cannisters for emergency”, says Kean Chung. Their Oyster 49 has 1,000lt tanks and a Sea Fresh H20 watermaker, so the crew were able to shower daily and there was no need for any bottled water.

Water stowage

There should be no need to rely on single-use plastic water bottles when cruising. Reusable bottles, flexible or collapsible bladders and jerrycans are a perfectly adequate solution for storing reserve water, particularly if you have a good filtration system.

Use salt water when possible, for washing clothes, dishes or taking showers. Photo: Thomas Horgen

Recycling plastic is not possible on many islands. While in recent years IGY Rodney Bay Marina has provided a plastic recycling service for visiting yachts, run in co-operation with a local community group, due to COVID restrictions the service was suspended in 2020.

So it was disheartening to find that nearly half the fleet still shipped over 100lt of bottled water each, while seven yachts carried over 250lt of bottled water, despite five of these having a watermaker.

Many skippers still like to carry bottled water as a contamination-proof back-up or for monitoring intake. Aboard Escapado for example, a Beneteau first 40.7 with no watermaker, they carried over 250lt of bottled water.

Skipper Sophie Iona O’Neill says: “One person kept a tally and did three fills of everyone’s water each day.” She says the total daily consumption amounted to: “two litres of drinking water per person, plus one litre of tea/coffee, giving a total of 3lt of fluid per person, per day,” – a useful statistic for those planning water consumption.

Water generation

If installed correctly and serviced properly, a watermaker should perform consistently well. The majority of 2020 ARC skippers rated their watermakers most highly, with 70% giving 5/5 for reliability.

Wash-up in seawater, then just rinse in fresh. Photo: Tor Johnson

Just eight skippers reported having any issues with their equipment. Any problems were either fixed with spares or the result of another issue, such as a power source problem ( Adagio had issues with their genset and, in the case of the Malo 43 Ydalir II , the fault was traced to a leak onto the inverter).

The few who experienced any faults with their watermaker’s performance were typically those who had only installed it that season. The overriding advice is to make sure you have tested your system thoroughly at sea before embarking on an ocean passage.

With prices typically ranging from £4,000 to five figures, it is worthwhile making sure a watermaker is working smoothly and knowing how to service it properly in advance.

Have the power

The ability to harness power naturally and to store it efficiently is changing the watermaker world. “If you don’t want to use diesel to make water you need a lot of power generation,” warns Lucky Girl ’s Charlie Pank, who has a Schenker Modular 30. However, only five skippers say they increased their battery capacity when their watermaker was fitted.

Paul Lemmens was very happy with his Rainman AC 120lt per hour unit aboard his Hanse 455 Veni Vidi Vix , but advises: “You need good batteries/large inverter to function.” He fitted an extra 400Ah of lithium batteries when the watermaker was installed.

The advent of high DC power has had a marked effect on watermakers, says Mactra Marine’s Jim MacDonald, who, COVID restrictions apart, usually attends the ARC start for any last-minute watermaker problems or services. “Go for a low-energy system that will run off the batteries,” he advises. A good bank of solar panels or a hydrogenerator can really help – nearly half the fleet used solar to help charge their batteries.

Many of the crews in the ARC still carry significant amounts of bottled water.

“As lithium has become more prevalent, DC systems with energy recovery are coming into their own,” MacDonald continues. “This means that whatever your means of power generation, you can always use your watermaker – whereas with the old-fashioned AC/high-pressure pumps you had to run the genset to make it work.” He has also seen the reliability of modern watermakers improving as they increasingly use electronics where possible.

Despite its modest output of 20lt per hour, the Blacks on Emily Morgan rate their Spectra Ventura very highly. They installed it themselves in 2017 and describe it as “invaluable in the Pacific – simple and reliable”.

The German Schaals aboard their Bavaria Cruiser 42 Nikajuma say they wouldn’t change their set-up and that the Echo Tec DML260 always worked – but noting “that the test tap is very important”.

Filtering water

Whether storing water in tanks or making desalinated water from the sea, filtering out any impurities makes sense. “We added 5ml of chlorine in the tank to kill bacteria and used LaVie water purifiers to get the chlorine smell out of the tap water we drank,” says Patrice Charbon, who was sailing the new Fountaine Pajot Astrea 42 Eden Blue for LP4Y with four friends.

Bottled water is still popular on board, despite the potential environmental impact. Photo: James Mitchell

They were trialling a new form of UVA water filtration technology on their desalinated water. Charbon, an associate of the inventors Solable, explains: “The strong LED light beam generates UVAs which break the chlorine molecules. As a side effect, an advanced oxidation process flushes the water eliminating all molecules of pesticides, medicine or hormones that one can find in tap water.

“A 30-minute purification would bring fresh, pure water to our table every day,” concludes Charbon, calculating that the watermaker and filters helped them save “over 200 plastic water bottles for our crossing and over 12kg of PET since our departure”.

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A Complete Guide to Sailboats: All You Need to Know!

While motorboats are the preferred choice for watersports , they are loud, noisy, and don’t offer you the best experience for a clam boating experience. However, the sailboat provides a serene sailing experience that’s quiet, relaxing, offering you plenty of fun on the water.

Sailboats come in a wide variety of configurations, lengths, and features, giving you passenger capacities from one person to 15-people or more, depending on the size of the model. Learning to sail is a skill all watermen should have in their repertoire; it’s the original form of boating and a highly sought-after skill.

This brief guide to sailboats gives you everything you need to know about choosing the right sailboat for your aquatic adventures.

What is a Sailboat?

A sailboat is a broad term defining many different boats. There are several categories of sailboats with plenty of sail options. The types of sails define your boat, and here are the most popular choices for these watercraft.

The modern sloop, featuring a single mast and two sails.
The macaroni or Bermuda rig offers tall triangular-shaped sails.
A racing sloop for higher speeds and competitive sailing.
The masthead sloop, with the jib reaching to the end of the masthead.
The fractional sloop rig features a proportionately larger mainsail and smaller jib.
The single-sail cat rig.
The ketch rig features a smaller mast aft, also known as a mizzenmast.
The yawl is similar in design to a ketch rig.
The schooner featuring two to four masts positioned further forward in the boat.

While these are the most common sail types, several others are less common with modern sailing techniques. The topsail featuring multi-flying jibs are better suited to long journeys, and many recreational sailors aren’t going to be out on the water for months at a time.

The rule of thumb is that the larger the sail and the more sails you have, the bigger the crew required to operate the boat. However, if you’re looking for a solo rig, there are plenty of smaller options available.

The Laser is an excellent example of a popular single-person sailboat designed for recreational and competitive use. These boats make the ideal starter vessel for someone who’s learning the ropes of sailing.

Different Types of Sailboats

Sailboats rely on the wind to power the vessel through the water. However, there are those days on the lake or ocean where the wind is flat. As a result, most sailboats come with small outboard or trolling motors to power them through the water on windless days.

You have several options for sailboat design, with the most popular options being the following.

The catamaran uses two hulls to power the boat through the water, offering less drag and faster sailing speeds. They are often the choice for professional racing boats, allowing the vessel to cut through rough seas.

These boats also come in luxury models allowing for spending days or weeks out on the water. The most advanced models will also feature hydrofoils that lift the hull out of the water at high speeds, providing more stability, less drag, and higher cruising speeds.

The beach catamaran operates with a sail, while the cruising model relies on an outboard motor for a backup to the sail on calm days.

Cruising Sailboat

The cruising sailboat features a design for covering long distances on the ocean. The cruiser will offer you the benefits of long-term liveaboard conditions, featuring luxury accommodations and amenities like full kitchens, heads, and bedrooms.

As the name implies, the daysailer is suitable for day trips out on the ocean or the lake. These models feature a multi-hull or monohull design, and some come with sleeping accommodations.

Due to the smaller size of these vessels, they are often trailerable, providing easy transport between launch locations. The motorsailer gives you the advantages of the daysailer, with an additional engine for powering the boat on windless days out on the water.

The daysailer will also feature amenities like a kitchen and head, and they often come with sleeping accommodation.

Racing Sailboat

The racing sailboat or yacht offers you a competitive vessel focusing on speed and maneuverability. Many models come with lightweight carbon fiber designs for higher speeds and hull stability when cutting through the water.

Most models also feature hydrofoils that lift the hull from the water, providing stable cruising speeds and fast sailing.

These boats are not suitable for beginners, and they require a competent, experienced team. You get full amenities, but they are more bare-bones, and don’t expect any luxury features because they need to save on weight with the design.

Sailing Dinghy

The sailing dinghy is a small sailboat suitable for one or two people. They are not ideal for open-ocean use as they present a sinking risk in rough water conditions.

However, they are great for learning how to sail, and many models come with a single-person operation for easy sailing. It’s a great boat for building your sailing skills in preparation for a larger model.

Kiteboards and Windsurfers

Kiteboards and windsurfers aren’t technically boats, but they rely on wind power for operation. They are a great choice for a sporty time out on the water and suitable for freshwater and ocean use.

The Fastest Sailing Boats

While they don’t have motors, and can’t reach the same speeds as powerboats, sailing yachts can reach high speeds in favorable wind conditions. If you have the need for speed with your sailing, then try one of the following models for a thrilling experience on the water.

The fastest sailboats include the following models.

Specialized high-performance boats (up to 65-knots)
Kiteboards and Windsurfers (50-knots)
Hydrofoil monohulls (50-knots)
Hydrofoil multi-hulls (44-knots)
High-performance multi-hull boats (20-knots)
Offshore racer monohulls (less than 20-knots)

The hydrofoil technology found in more expensive models lifts the hull from the water as the boat engages its top-end speed. The foil adds a smooth sailing experience that’s unlike any other hull type when engaged.

How Much Does a Sailboat Cost?

Sailboats come in various models, from small single-person models to boats requiring a full crew to operate. The cost of the vessel depends on the design materials (carbon fiber models are the most expensive), the length of the boat, the sail design, accessories and amenities, and the manufacturing brand.

Small to mid-sized boast can cost anything from $10,000 to $80,000, with sports models costing up to $150,000. Luxury models with longer lengths and sports cats can cost you anywhere up to $500,000 or more, depending on the features.

Benefits of Sailboats

The sailboat has plenty of advantages out on the water. Here are some of the top benefits of sailboats.

Quiet Sailing

Sailboats rely on the sail to power the vessel. As a result, you get no motor noise, and you can enjoy the sound of the ocean as you sail along. Some models come with motors to propel the boat if it’s a calm day with low winds.

Live Aboard

Most larger models come with V-berths and living accommodations for spending several days out on the water. The type of accommodations varies from basic in racing models to pure luxury in cruisers. However, the luxury models will add dollars to the price tag, depending on your customizations.

Trailerable

The smaller models of sailing boats are easy to trailer. The Laser is a good example, with easy trailering suitable for a single person to navigate.

Multiple Sizing Options

Sailboats come in designs and lengths to suit any activity out on the water. Whether you want a boat to cruise the lakes by yourself or tackle the oceans with a crew, there is a model to suit your needs.

Disadvantages of Sailboats

The sailboat offers you a fantastic cruising experience out on the water. However, these boats do come with a few drawbacks.

Smaller Motors

Since the boat relies on the sail to do the work, most models don’t come with large backup motors. You can expect low-power outboards or trolling motors to power the vessel when the wind is low.

Large Models Don’t Suit Trailers

The large sailboats over 30-feet don’t suit trailers. The larger keels and foils on these boats mean that they can’t reach shallow waters. As a result, you need a professional towing service to take the boat from the marina to the shipyard for repairs or alterations.

Not Suitable for Watersports

While some sailboats might be okay for diving, they are not suitable for watersports like skiing, tubing, and wakeboarding.

Expensive Customizations

Some of the high-end luxury models come with so many customizations your head will spin. It’s important to set your budget when looking at sailboats, or you could end up spending more than you expect on the customizations and accessories for these boats.

Sail Repairs

If your sail is up in stormy conditions, you run the risk of tearing the material. Sails can be costly to replace or repair, and it may take weeks to find the right sailor to make the repair, keeping your boat out of the water.

Top Sailboat Brands & Models

There are dozens of sailboat brands and hundreds of models available. We chose the following sailboats as the best option for your first boat.

Bavaria C57

The Bavaria C57 is the company’s flagship model, offering you a sleek, streamlined version of the cruiser-line model.

This boat features a design from Maurizio Cossutti. It comes with a smooth hull featuring nanotechnology to help the boat glide through the water effortlessly. The vinyl ester resin construction is durable and lightweight, adding speed to the boat in good wind conditions.

You get twin helms and dual rudders, along with a huge drop-down transom. This model comes with some surprising accessories, including a grill and refrigerator in the boat’s aft for fun on the water.

You have three lounges on the deck, with a large cockpit for the crew and captain.

X-Yachts X4.6

The X-Yachts X4.6 model is a performance cruiser offering you a vacuum-sealed epoxy hull for lightweight strength and durability. The boat comes with the signature galvanized steel grid found on X-Yacht models adding strength and rigidity to the frame for use in rough water conditions.

The boat features a self-tacking jib for easy coming about and total control of the vessel in turns. You get twin helms and an open cockpit design for racing or cruising. This model also includes a dedicated locker for a life raft under the cockpit bench on the vessel’s starboard side.

Beneteau Oceanis 30.1

The Beneteau Oceanis 30.1 is easy to sail, with a setup that suits any sailing style. This boat is a classic, offering purists a fantastic option for their sailboat. You get twin rudders with a fixed spirit, a plumb bow for fine entry, and a backstay-free rig accommodating a square-top design for easy sailing.

This model is a great choice for overnight sailing trips, offering you two full-size cabins kitted with luxury finishes. There are saloon benches that double as a berth, and you get an astounding 6’6″ of headroom below deck in the berth.

You also have the choice of a tiller or steering wheel for a truly authentic sailing experience purists will appreciate. You also have options for a swing keel version allowing for easy sailing along rivers and canals without the threat of hitting submerged rocks or logs or running the vessel aground.

This sailboat is the best choice for beginners. You get an easy-to-manage sail configuration that teaches you the basics of sailing and enough space on the boat for two people.

This model is a great choice for an affordable entry-level sailboat with a fiberglass design for lightweight movement and speed and the option of sailing the boat along with its user-friendly rigging system.

Wrapping Up

Whether you’re a purist, modern sailor, or competitor, you’ll find that there’s a sailboat model to suit your needs and sailing style. These boats offer you the most authentic experience when out on the water, and you don’t have to worry about filling up the gas tank to get home.

John is an experienced journalist and veteran boater. He heads up the content team at BoatingBeast and aims to share his many years experience of the marine world with our readers.

A Complete Guide to Micro Skiffs: All You Need to Know!

A complete guide to narrow boats: all you need to know, a guide to aluminum fishing boats.

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Step-by-Step Guide: Make a Sailboat Out Of Paper Effortlessly

Alex Morgan

Creating a sailboat out of paper is a fun and creative craft activity that can be enjoyed by people of all ages. Paper sailboats are not only easy to make but also provide an opportunity for imagination and play. In this article, we will provide you with a step-by-step guide on how to make a paper sailboat, along with tips for building a sturdy boat and ideas for fun activities and games. So, gather your materials and get ready to embark on a paper sailing adventure!

Before we begin with the instructions, let’s gather the materials needed for making a paper sailboat. The type of paper you choose is crucial to ensure that your sailboat stays afloat and withstands the water. there are a few other materials required for the construction process.

Now that we have our materials ready, let’s dive into the step-by-step guide. We will take you through each stage of creating a paper sailboat, from folding the base to adding the mast and sail.

After completing the construction of your paper sailboat, you can add your personal touch by decorating it. This will make your boat unique and reflect your creativity.

Building a sturdy paper sailboat requires some tips and tricks to ensure it stays intact during playtime or races. We will share some techniques that will help strengthen the boat’s structure and enhance its durability.

Besides the construction process, paper sailboats offer various opportunities for interactive and engaging play. We will explore different activities and games that can be enjoyed with your paper sailboat, including how to organize a sailboat race and other creative ideas to make the most out of your sailing experience.

So, let’s gather our materials and get ready to embark on a wonderful journey of making a sailboat out of paper!

1. Making paper sailboats maximizes creativity: With just a few simple folds and materials, you can create a mini sailboat that sparks imagination and fun. 2. Using sturdy paper for sailboat construction is essential: Opt for thicker, heavier paper to ensure a durable sailboat that can withstand floating in water or racing against others. 3. Personalizing your paper sailboat adds charm: Enhance your sailboat by adding colorful decorations, custom designs, and unique details, making it a reflection of your style and personality.

Materials Needed

To make a paper sailboat, you will need the following materials:

A sheet of sturdy, lightweight paper
Scissors for cutting and adjusting the shape
Markers or colored pencils for designs and colors
A ruler for straight lines and accurate measurements
Glue or tape for securing parts of the sailboat

Pro-tip: Consider using construction paper as it is more durable and less likely to tear, ensuring a longer playtime. Remember to be creative and have fun while making your sailboat!

What type of paper is best for making a paper sailboat?

The type of paper that is best for making a paper sailboat is crucial. When considering what type of paper to use, there are several options to choose from.

Construction paper is a sturdy choice that holds its shape well and can withstand exposure to water. Another option is cardstock , which is thicker and more durable than construction paper. This provides extra strength and reduces the likelihood of tearing or collapsing.

If you prefer a lighter and more delicate sailboat, origami paper is a good choice. It is lightweight and easy to fold.

Last but not least, for water resistance, it is a good idea to use water-resistant paper or coat regular paper with a waterproof sealant. This protects the sailboat from becoming soggy or falling apart when it comes into contact with water.

When choosing the paper for your project, it is important to consider the size and complexity of the sailboat design, as well as your personal preferences. Feel free to experiment with different types of paper to find the one that works best for you. Enjoy the process of creating your paper sailboat and let your creativity set sail!

Other materials required for building a paper sailboat

To build a paper sailboat, you will need various materials in addition to paper. Here is a list of the other materials required for building a paper sailboat:

Scissors : Use scissors to cut the paper into the desired shapes.
Glue or tape : Secure different parts of the sailboat together.
Ruler : Use a ruler to measure and create precise folds and cuts.
Pencil or pen : Use a pencil or pen to mark positions for folding and cutting.
Decorative materials : Personalize the sailboat using markers, crayons, stickers, or other decorations.
Optional : If you want a sturdy base, you can use a small piece of cardboard or foam board.
Optional : If you plan to float the sailboat on water, you can use waterproofing materials like wax or clear nail polish.

It’s important to note that these materials are just suggestions. Feel free to be creative and use whatever materials you have available to build your paper sailboat.

Step-by-Step Guide to Making a Paper Sailboat

Looking to set sail on a creative adventure? Get ready to embark on a step-by-step journey to making your very own paper sailboat. We’ll start by folding the base, then move on to crafting the hull. Next, we’ll add the mast and sail, giving our paper creation that true sailor’s touch . And finally, we’ll let our imagination run wild as we decorate and personalize our paper sailboat, making it a unique vessel of our own. Get your scissors ready, because it’s time to make waves with paper!

Step 1: Folding the base of the sailboat

To fold the base of the sailboat, follow these steps:

Step 1: Start with a square piece of paper.

Step 2: Place the paper in front of you with one corner pointing towards you.

Step 3: Fold the paper in half diagonally, bringing one corner to the opposite corner, and crease firmly.

Step 4: Unfold the paper and repeat the previous step with the other two corners, folding them to the opposite corners and creasing firmly.

Step 5: Next, fold the bottom corner up towards the center, aligning it with the middle crease.

Step 6: Fold the top corner down towards the center, overlapping the previous fold, and crease firmly.

Step 7: Flip the paper over and repeat steps 5 and 6 on the other side.

By following these steps, you have successfully folded the base of the sailboat. This forms the hull of the sailboat, providing stability for the rest of the construction process.

Step 2: Creating the hull of the sailboat

To create the hull of the sailboat, follow these steps:

Step 1: Take a rectangular piece of paper and place it in front of you.

Step 2: Fold the paper in half lengthwise, creating a center crease.

Step 3: Unfold the paper and fold the right and left edges towards the center crease.

Step 4: Flip the paper over and repeat the folding process on the other side, folding the right and left edges towards the center crease.

Step 5: Fold the bottom edge of the paper up towards the center, about two-thirds of the way.

Step 6: Flip the paper over and repeat the same folding process on the other side, folding the bottom edge up towards the center.

Step 7: Take the bottom corners of the paper and fold them towards the center, creating a triangular shape at the bottom of the hull.

Step 8: Flip the paper over and repeat the same folding process on the other side, folding the bottom corners towards the center.

Step 9: Gently push the sides of the hull inward, creating a more three-dimensional shape.

Step 10: Your paper sailboat hull is now complete!

Fact: The hull’s shape is crucial for the stability and maneuverability of the sailboat, enabling it to smoothly cut through the water and resist tipping over.

Step 3: Adding the mast and sail

Adding the mast and sail is a crucial step in building a paper sailboat. Follow these steps:

Take a 10-12 inch wooden or plastic dowel rod as the mast of your sailboat.
Insert one end of the dowel rod into the top of the folded triangle, ensuring it stands upright .
For step 3, create the sail by cutting a small square or rectangle out of decorative paper or fabric.
Attach the sail to the mast by gluing or taping one edge to the dowel rod.
Add extra decorations, like colorful patterns or stickers, to the sail or hull for customization .
Once the mast and sail are added, your paper sailboat is complete and ready to sail!

With the mast and sail in place, your paper sailboat is now ready to set sail and bring joy to your paper boat adventures.

Step 4: Decorate and personalize your paper sailboat

Step 4: Decorate and personalize your paper sailboat.

1. Choose colors: Use colorful markers, crayons, or colored pencils to add vibrant designs to your sailboat.

2. Add patterns and shapes: Use your artistic skills to draw patterns like stripes or polka dots, or add shapes such as stars or hearts to make your sailboat unique.

3. Write your name or initials: Personalize your sailboat by writing your name or initials on the hull or sail. This will make it easily identifiable and show ownership.

4. Decorate with stickers or washi tape: Enhance your paper sailboat’s appearance by adding stickers or washi tape with various designs, giving it an extra touch of style.

5. Use glitter or sequins: Add sparkle to your sailboat by gluing on glitter or sequins, creating a dazzling effect and making it stand out.

6. Experiment with different materials: Get creative and try using fabric, ribbons, or feathers to give your sailboat a unique texture or embellishment.

7. Apply a protective spray: If you plan to display or play with your sailboat outdoors, consider using a clear protective spray to prevent smudging or fading.

8. Show off your creation: Once you’ve finished decorating your paper sailboat, proudly display it on a shelf, use it as a centerpiece, or take it for a sail in a nearby water source.

I once decorated a paper sailboat with my younger brother for a school project. We used bright markers to draw colorful stripes and added our initials to the side. We incorporated stickers of sea creatures and small seashells. Our sailboat won the “ Most Creative ” award, and we were proud of our artistic efforts. It was a fun bonding experience that allowed us to express our creativity and showcase our unique style. Decorating and personalizing our paper sailboat made it feel special and added a personal touch to the project.

Tips and Tricks for Building a Sturdy Paper Sailboat

When constructing a sturdy paper sailboat, it’s important to follow these helpful tips and tricks:

Choose thick and durable paper such as construction paper or cardstock to ensure durability.
Begin by folding the paper in half lengthwise to create a strong foundation .
Achieve a pointed bow by folding the top corners of the paper down towards the center crease.
Fold the bottom of the paper up, meeting the bottom of the triangle formed.
Repeat the previous step on the opposite side for balance .
Fold the bottom corners of the paper upwards, meeting the centerline and forming a diamond shape .
To create a smaller triangle, fold the top point of the diamond downwards, meeting the bottom edge.
Repeat this process on the other side as well.

To enhance the sturdiness of the sailboat:

Apply glue or tape along the seams to securely hold them in place.
Smooth out any creases or wrinkles in the paper for a clean finish.
Allow the boat to fully dry before adding decorations or attempting to sail it.

By implementing these tips and tricks, you will construct a reliable paper sailboat that is ready to set sail!

Fun Activities and Games with Paper Sailboats

Get ready to set sail on a voyage of fun and excitement with paper sailboats ! In this section, we’ll delve into the world of entertaining activities and games you can enjoy with these nautical creations . From thrilling sailboat races to a variety of other games and activities, there’s something for everyone to dive into . So grab your scissors, fold your paper, and let the adventure begin!

How to have a sailboat race

To have a sailboat race with paper sailboats , follow these steps:

Prepare multiple paper sailboats using the step-by-step guide in the article.
Choose a suitable location with a body of water, such as a pond or a small pool .
Mark the starting and finishing points of the race.
Gather participants and assign each one a paper sailboat .
Ensure the sailboats are evenly spaced at the starting point.
Gently blow on the sails of the sailboats to create wind and start the race.
Encourage participants to use their breath or a small handheld fan to propel their sailboats forward.
Monitor the progress of the sailboats and announce the winner as the first to reach the finishing point.

Pro-tip: To add excitement to the race, create obstacles like floating objects for the sailboats to maneuver around. This will make the race more challenging and enjoyable for participants .

Remember, a sailboat race with paper sailboats is a fun and engaging activity that can be enjoyed by both children and adults .

Other games and activities to enjoy with paper sailboats

Did you know that paper sailboats are not only fun to make, but they can also teach important concepts about physics and engineering ? In addition to creating a paper sailboat fleet and racing them in a nearby stream or pool to observe which sailboat design sails the fastest and farthest, there are other games and activities you can enjoy with paper sailboats. One such game is “Sink the Sailboat.” You can set up targets in the water and use a water shooter to try and sink the paper sailboats . It’s a challenging game that adds an element of competition. Another activity is organizing a paper sailboat regatta . This involves holding a friendly competition among friends or family members to see who can navigate their sailboat through a course the fastest. It’s a great way to have fun and showcase your sailing skills. So, why not try out these other games and activities with your paper sailboats ? You’ll have a blast and learn a lot about physics and engineering at the same time.

Some Facts About How To Make A Sailboat Out Of Paper:

✅ Making a sailboat out of paper is a popular craft activity enjoyed by both children and adults. (Source: Wikihow)
✅ The process of making a paper sailboat involves various folding techniques to create a boat shape that can sail in water. (Source: Little Project)
✅ Using regular printer paper is sufficient for making a paper sailboat, although origami paper can also be used for a more authentic look. (Source: National Geographic Kids)
✅ It is recommended to reinforce the corners and bottom of the paper sailboat with clear tape to ensure its durability and water resistance. (Source: Nat Geo Kids)
✅ Paper sailboats can be customized with colored paper, markers, pencil crayons, and stickers, allowing for creative personalization. (Source: One Little Project)

Frequently Asked Questions

How do i make a sailboat out of paper using printer paper.

To make a sailboat out of paper using printer paper, follow these steps:

Fold a letter-sized piece of printer paper in half vertically.
Unfold the paper and fold it in half again, this time horizontally.
Flip the paper so that the fold is facing you, then fold down the top corners towards the middle, leaving space at the bottom.
Secure the folds by creasing along the edges.
Bring the bottom of the paper up and fold it against both sides, creating a paper hat shape.
Fold the bottom corners inward, wrapping them around the edges of the triangle.
Fold the bottom flaps around the edges of the triangle and back towards you.
Rotate the triangle 45 degrees to make it a square.
Open up the bottom of the triangle with your fingers to maintain the square shape.
Fold up the bottom flaps by aligning them with the top corners.
Rotate the square 45 degrees and open up the bottom again.
Pull out the triangles on the side of the square, creasing the bottom to strengthen the boat.
Float the paper boat in water and make adjustments to prevent sinking.

What kind of paper do I need to make a sailboat out of paper?

You can use regular printer paper, construction paper, or origami paper to make a sailboat out of paper. Using origami paper may make the folding slightly easier due to its thinner and more flexible nature. Waxed paper or aluminum foil can also be used to make a waterproof sailboat.

Can I put things in the paper boat?

Yes, you can put lightweight objects in the paper boat. Be mindful of the weight and size of the objects to prevent the boat from tipping over or sinking. Avoid putting too many heavy or large items in the paper boat as it may compromise its buoyancy.

How long will the paper boat float in water?

The paper boat will float in water for at least 10 minutes before becoming waterlogged. To make it last longer, you can reinforce the bottom of the boat with a layer of tape to make it more waterproof. Remember that the longevity of the paper boat in water will depend on various factors such as the type and quality of paper used and how well it is folded.

Can I customize the paper boat?

Yes, you can customize the paper boat to make it more visually appealing. You can use brightly colored paper, markers, pencil crayons, and stickers to decorate the boat. Let your creativity shine and make your paper boat unique.

Is making a paper boat a suitable activity for kids?

Yes, making a paper boat is a fun and easy craft project that is suitable for kids. It can be a great summer activity or a low-mess craft idea. It offers an introduction to origami and allows children to improve their fine motor skills and creativity. Adult supervision may be required for younger children, especially when using sharp tools or handling water.

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Living on a boat OUT OF THE WATER

Life on the hard. That’s what we yachties call it when our boat is on dry land. Why? I can only assume because living on a sailboat out of the water is hard.

Do you know that old saying, like a fish out of water ? It’s sort of like that, except we don’t die.

Most everything on our boat relies on water to function. For example, our engines, air conditioners and generator are all water-cooled…so NO water, NO workie.

Life on the hard isn’t glamorous but nothing about major renovations is (except for the final product perhaps, that should be fabulous). This is why we’ve been staying at our friend’s resort while we did the major cleaning and mold remediation.

I am thrilled to report the cleaning is done and Curiosity is ready for liveaboards once again! Join us as we make the transition back to full-time boat life, take you on a tour of the yard, and explain how we live on a boat when it’s hauled out of the water and sitting on the hard.

More Info on:

Composting Toilet
Portable Water Filter
Boat Water Filtration Systems
Electric Oven
Tepache (Pineapple Beer) Recipe

Electricity For Our USA Wired Boat In Foreign Countries

My Frankenstein Setup totally works because the NOCO charger can run on 50hz and 60hz. I own the 15a version but if I could purchase it again, I’d go for the 26a version linked here.

NOCO Genius Charger: https://amzn.to/356WWLe

Transformer

I would buy the 2000-watt model linked below. It’ll run the NOCO charger and have some spare power leftover for a laptop, or another small device. If you wish to run power-hungry items like a water kettle, instant-pot, toaster, etc. you may want to buy the bigger 5000-watt model:

Step Up/Down Voltage Transformer: https://amzn.to/358vGvW

Notes From A Pro

Rafael was our service advisor and all-around guru for boat projects when we were doing our major refit jobs in Florida at Just Catamarans . The man knows power and boats. Luckily, he still answers our questions almost four years later.

He gave some solid advice that we wanted to pass along.

“The most Primo way would be to install a Shore power converter like an ASEA power cabinet. You can put any Frequency or voltage in and it will put out what you want. Price is in the neighborhood of $15k for the unit and then a couple grand for the display to know what’s going on. This unit weighs around 230 lbs, so it’s not lite. https://aseapower.com/

Next best option is a similar unit that is more reasonably priced (almost 50% less) from ANG. It can convert frequency, but it’s limited on input voltage. It can’t handle converting 440v…but who the heck plugs their sailboat into that? https://angconverters.com/

Best bet for you at this moment is a dual Frequency and Voltage Charger with a dedicated inlet and cable adapters. You can install multiples of these units to charge your batteries. Depends of course on what you have inverted on your vessel if this can work for you. https://www.victronenergy.com/chargers/phoenix-smart-ip43-charger

Another option is using a Step down converter. The issue here is 110v units are never set up for dual frequency. Your aircons will go from spinning at 60hz to 50hz. Aircons will work, but won’t be as efficient. Inverter/charger won’t care about the frequency, but the issue is you’ll be passing through 50hz to items that are designed for 60hz. https://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Datasheet-Isolation-Transformers-EN.pdf

Ideally you would have a 230v boat with dual frequency aircons. You set up a Large inverter charger that can charge your lithium’s and invert your aircons and hot water if you like. For the rest of the boat you can just have pure sine inverters for your 110 voltage units. The main issue with most boats we work on is the space and load requirement needed to fit all the inverters, batteries, etc…then there’s the whole budget thing!

Of course, you could just add more solar and lithium 😊 “

For all the money and hassle…we like the more solar and lithium battery option. Thanks Raf!

⚡ ALL OUR OFF THE GRID MODS

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🎶MUSIC IN THIS VIDEO:

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🙏THANK YOU!

Ups, downs and all arounds, we share it all. We’re able to do so because people like you show up each week, read, watch, comment, share, shop our gear store, and toss a tip in our production jar. If you like what you see, consider joining us on Patreon or there are lots of FREE ways you can show your support.

Hello there! I honestly don’t know what to say, so I am going to tell you a bunch of random facts instead. I'm a fish eating vegetarian who hates spiders and loves snakes. I almost never took vacations growing up. I wanted to be Pippi Longstocking (still do). I misspell about every other word I write and still struggle with grammar. I love splurging on a good high tea (which is really hard to find these days). And whatever you do, don’t tell me I can’t do something, because then I'll HAVE to do it!

Comments (29)

That’s weird about the power. If you have a shore power receptacle, and you clearly showed us the standard three-prong adapter, then why didn’t you power the whole boat from the step-down device with an extension cord? That way you could keep your batteries up and have plenty for everything else.

Same question: cyclone season has officially started round there. What are your plans? Coming to NZ? Love your stories and humour!

Curious Minion

They’d love to come to NZ but until the border opens they can’t. They will splash and stick around Tonga for probably the rest of the season. Curious Minion

Yea! Bloopers. I know the shrimpers in the Florida Keys ride out hurricanes in the mangrove islands on the gulf side. What does one tuck up in Tonga? “Cyclone mooring” makes me nervous.

Alan Solomon

Another great video Nikki and Jason. Getting out and being out of the apartment is sort of like your last tie to covid and all the obstacles and problems covid created and brought on. Living on the “hard” as it is spoken is better for you both and Curiosity. I am Happy you are back in control mostly of reality. Follow me on this. As I remember, the guest cabin you are sleeping in now is the same cabin Dale and Justin were in when they were on board a while back. Is that correct? I could not remember their names so I watched the Geisha coffee trip in Boquete, Panama to remember them. Did Dale and Justin ever get the boat they wanted?

Keith Vauquelin

Hey, Guys – following closely the effort and taking notes! I moved one step closer today on my plans. Looks like “planning ahead” is delivering dividends. Happy you are close to getting back on the water. To better days ahead, and to reiterate a previous compliment, the camera work and music is absolutely spot-on. Be safe!

I sooooooo appreciate all the clever camera work you do to tell the story. Good stuff!!

Jeanette Brennan

Wow — you guys have done amazing work bringing Curiosity back to life. Soooooo much cleaning, scrubbing and fixin’ things. You are so close to regaining the life you love. You guys are incredible. Keep pushing forward; you’re almost there. Watch out for that cyclone season… Stay safe and well – take care of each other. 💖⛵️🏝🙏

I learn so much watching your videos! Would you tell me the model # of the water filter you are using? I went to the Sawyer web page but did not find the same configuration that you are using in your video. And, do you have any concerns about what your filter will not be able to remove? What dangerous elements might remain in the water?

Thank you so much.

You two are the most amazing resilient people I’ve ever seen. Was going to say “met” and I haven’t met but feel like I know you.

Jason – my husband is an incredible handy man but you have mad skills. Did you know this before? My husband loves working on electricity the most which is kind of scary. He would approve of how you Frankensteined that. Impressive.

Are there other people living on board fixing up their boats like you are? Is there 24/hour staff there? It would seem a little bit like living in a cemetery if not.

Looking forward to the next time and hopefully being on the water soon! I always watch on a Sunday night with a glass of wine so felt I was sharing in cocktails with you. Cheers!

Paul Reynolds

Hi Nikki n Jason,

What a lovely home you have, to those that built it, great job. How is mum getting on with her travels Jason ? You are both looking so fit and healthy, so that’s great. Looking forward to your next post, I really like them a lot 🙂

Kind regards

I can feel your contentment at being back “home”. Only one more step to go and that’s to get back on the water. Hopefully sometime soon. Noticed your Crema mug and I must tell you I still curse you for ever introducing us to Geisha coffee. Loved your video from back then and I was able to get some Geisha from Crema ONE time and never again. It was the BEST coffee ever and I still hope to get some again one day. LOL Enjoy each day.

GREG DOBBYN

Congrats on fixing your power issue!! Nice video as always!!

I have 1.5kw of solar on my boat and two DC air conditioners . Mostly we run the DC air conditioner at night to keep the master cabin cool and dry.

The whole boat runs off an inverter so it is completely isolated from incoming power in that regard. The Victron charger switch mode power supply you mention above is OK but there are others that are also dual voltage and 45 to 65 cycle so “world power” compliant. I went with this approach as dock power is so unreliable -even in the Bahamas and I got tired of power fluctuations, but this approach also works as you travel around the world. The DC air conditioners are from Cruise N Comfort and because they use DC compressors are more efficient than AC. We use about 300amp hours of power at 12V overnight to cool our rather large cabin.

We still have the AC air handling units that came with the boat but we never use them. Solar plus generator every now and then keeps up with our needs. We also have 1200amp hours at 12V of lithium batteries, so that helps.

Something to keep in mind – not all power supplies are created equal. Some are fine at rated power for a while but not designed to be used long term ie 24/7.

What a great way to start Sunday with an uplifting video from you both. Makes me happy to see that you are snuggled back into Curiosity and feeling once again at home. Thanks for the videos and thanks for making us feel happy …….take care and stay safe.

Have a great week

Hi guys, I always am looking forward every Sunday to your new video! I am picking up on Sandy’s question, will you be on the water during cyclone saison??

The plan is to splash Curiosity as soon as all repairs & upgrades are completed. Tonga actually has some good places to tuck up to escape a cyclone, and the Wynns also know someone who has a “cyclone mooring” that they may be able to use. Or, they could always get hauled out again I suppose. Curious Minion

Hi Guys, I was just wondering, why you don’t have a composting toilet in the owners cabin? Enjoy your videos. Stay Safe.

Well, when they embarked on this crazy journey they weren’t 100% sure that they could find composting medium in some of the more remote areas. So they left one toilet as a regular marine toilet JIC. Turns out that they’ve had no trouble finding medium, but hindsight, ….. Jason does hate that marine toilet though, so maybe one day. Curious Minion

Marjorie Nehlsen

You accomplished an amazing amount in a short time. Soon you will be floating around the world again. Thanks for giving me something to look forward to on Sunday morning.

Well, I just had an “in-sight” that being colorblind might partly explain being cooking-challenged

The boat looks like it’s coming together nicely! Clean and organized once again. It looks like you guys have a great plan and you’re sticking to it.

I’ve got that NOCO charger for my GO Power lithium battery in my RV, it’s amazing!

It looked like a race between you both to get to the boat and it looks like Jason won out- Just in time to get Nikki unloaded from the van. Actually, maybe Nikki one out!

I’m so glad things are coming together for you both! I hope you get things in order so you can get the heck out of there!

Liisa OMaley

Nikki and Jason, Every Sunday morning I look forward to your post! I find them enlivening, uplifting and always, all ways filled with inspiration in spite of this past year’s unexpected twists and turns. I can be assured of a laugh, a tear and I love learning something new. I have been following the both of you for some years now and your weekly adventures (and cleaning, toileting, composting, oh and eating /imbibing at sunset, etc) still incite new and brights views regardless of any challenges. Both of you really turn lemons into the most awesome lemonade ( a bit of spirit added, both kinds). May you continue to feel loved, blest and filled with humor!! Keep carrying on!!! Yipeee….it’s a new moment!! Light, Peace and Love!! Liisa (2’i’s Finnish) from Taos New Mexico

JOHN SCHRETLEN

“It’s amazing how much we can accumulate.” I seem to remember you saying that in earlier videos. Transferring everything from one RV to another being one. Transferring from the RV to the cat another.

This was a good video, coming out at a good time for a smile. The smile? Never has there been a lady so in love with a toilet as Nikki.

Jacquelyn Partin Hall

How do you plan to refurbish the interior, and being where you are, have availability to “decor” items?

They set the bar back up, what else do they need? (Just kidding!)

I’m not sure they’re planning to “refurbish.” Everything’s a little topsy-turvy at the moment until the fuel tanks can be reinstalled & engines tested, but then everything will get back to normal. Curious Minion

Mike Freimund

I look forward to your videos. You guys are living the dream. Stay safe and enjoy.

You mentioned that cyclone season is coming (again!) – how will you pass that season this year?

I know for sure they won’t be coming back home! ☹️❤️

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How Do Sailboats Get Fresh Water? (4 EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS)

Sailors know that having access to fresh water is essential for a safe and comfortable journey out at sea. But how do they get this water? Fortunately, there are several ways for sailors to get fresh water while out at sea. In this article, well explore four effective solutions: watermakers, collecting rainwater, using jerry cans, and using a water filter. Well also discuss the benefits of having fresh water at sea and the safety precautions to take. So, if youre planning a sailing adventure, read on to find the best way to get fresh water for your trip!

Table of Contents

Short Answer

Most sailboats get their fresh water from onboard tanks that they fill up from dockside water sources.

They can also use desalination systems to take salt out of seawater and make it drinkable.

Boats that are moored in marinas may be able to get fresh water from the marina itself.

Some sailboats also have large water containers that they fill up from a hose or a freshwater source on shore.

What is a Watermaker

A watermaker is a device that is used to convert saltwater into freshwater, making it an essential tool for sailors who are out at sea for extended periods of time.

The device works by taking in saltwater, filtering it, and then using a process called reverse osmosis to extract the salt from the water.

The device then produces freshwater that is safe to drink and use for cooking.

This process helps ensure that sailors have access to freshwater even when they are far away from land.

Some watermakers are powered by a boats engine, while others are powered by an auxiliary electric motor.

In addition, many modern watermakers are equipped with advanced features such as automated operation, corrosion-resistant materials, and low-maintenance designs.

Collecting Rainwater

One of the most effective solutions for sailboats to get fresh water is by collecting rainwater.

Sailors can use a variety of methods to collect rainwater and store it on board.

These include using a tarp to collect rainwater, using a rainwater catchment system to collect and store large amounts of water, or using a container to collect smaller amounts.

Collecting rainwater is a great way to get fresh water without having to rely on a watermaker or other more expensive methods.

When collecting rainwater, it is important to make sure that the water is clean and free of contaminants.

Sailors can ensure this by covering the tarp or catchment area with a material such as a boat cover to keep out dirt and debris, or by using a filter to eliminate any larger particles from the collected water.

With the right setup, sailors can use rainwater to supply their fresh water needs while on board.

In addition to providing an easy and cost-effective way to get fresh water, collecting rainwater is also a great way to save on fuel costs.

Collecting rainwater requires no fuel, and can help sailors to conserve their fuel resources while at sea.

All in all, collecting rainwater is an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly way for sailboats to get fresh water.

With the right setup, sailors can easily collect and store large amounts of fresh water while on board.

Using Jerry Cans

Using jerry cans to transport water from land is a popular method for sailboats to get fresh water.

Jerry cans are large, airtight containers that are designed to withstand the harsh conditions of the sea.

They come in various sizes, and can hold up to 20 gallons of water.

This makes them ideal for sailboats, as they can be easily loaded onto the boat and transported to the open seas.

When using jerry cans, its important to ensure that the cans are properly sealed to prevent any saltwater from getting in.

Additionally, its important to check the cans regularly for signs of wear and tear.

If any cracks or holes are found, its best to replace the container as soon as possible to ensure safe and clean water.

Once the jerry cans are full of water, they can be easily loaded onto the sailboat.

This method of obtaining fresh water is great for sailors that are close to land and can easily access a source of freshwater.

Its also a great way to stock up on water for longer voyages, as the cans can be loaded up and stored on the boat until needed.

Overall, using jerry cans to transport water from land is a great way for sailboats to get fresh water.

Its a relatively simple process and can provide sailors with a reliable source of freshwater.

As long as the containers are properly sealed and checked regularly, they can provide sailors with all the fresh water they need for a successful voyage.

Using a Water Filter

Using a water filter is a great way for sailboats to get fresh water while they are out on the open sea.

A water filter is a device used to remove impurities from water, such as dirt, bacteria, and other contaminants.

Not only is this a cost-effective way to get fresh water, but it is also a safe and reliable option.

When using a water filter, you can either choose to attach the filter directly to the side of the boat, or you can use a portable filter.

The filter works by collecting water from a river, lake, or stream and filtering out any impurities.

The filtered water is then delivered to the boat and can be used for drinking, cooking, and other activities.

There are many different types of water filters available, depending on your needs.

Some filters are designed to remove bacteria and other contaminants, while others are designed to remove heavy metals and pesticides.

When choosing a filter, it is important to consider the type of water you will be filtering, the amount of water you will need, and the size of the filter.

One of the advantages of using a water filter is that you can filter water from any source, making it a great option for sailboats.

Additionally, water filters do not require a large amount of electricity, making them an ideal choice for sailboats.

Not only is it cost-effective, but it is also safe and reliable.

With a variety of filters available, you can be sure to find a filter that meets your needs.

Desalinators

When it comes to getting fresh water while sailing, desalinators are one of the most reliable and effective solutions.

A desalinator is a machine that converts seawater into fresh water.

It works by using a process called reverse osmosis, which filters out salt and other impurities from the seawater and produces freshwater as a result.

Desalinators can be powered by electricity, or they can be powered by the boats engine, making them flexible and convenient.

Desalinators are often used in boats that are sailing in areas with limited access to freshwater sources, such as the ocean.

They are also often used in emergency situations, as they can provide a reliable and safe supply of freshwater in the absence of other options.

Desalinators are also typically more efficient than other methods of obtaining freshwater.

They use a relatively small amount of energy to produce a large amount of freshwater, making them cost-effective and efficient.

Additionally, they require minimal maintenance, making them a great option for sailors who want a reliable source of freshwater while at sea.

The only downside to desalinators is that they can be expensive to purchase and install.

However, if you are a sailor who needs a reliable and consistent source of freshwater while sailing, a desalinator is likely your best bet.

Benefits of Fresh Water at Sea

Having access to fresh water while sailing at sea is essential for the safety and comfort of the crew aboard.

Not only does fresh water provide the essential hydration needed to sustain life, but it also helps to keep the boat and its occupants clean and healthy.

Fresh water can be used for cooking, washing dishes, showering, and laundry, and it can also be used to replenish drinking water supplies.

Having access to fresh water also helps to reduce the risk of dehydration and other health risks associated with drinking saltwater.

Finally, having access to fresh water can help to reduce the risk of running out of supplies while out at sea, as fresh water can be used to refill drinking water tanks and other vessels.

Safety Precautions

When it comes to getting fresh water for a sailboat, it is important to take safety precautions.

This is especially true when dealing with water from rivers, streams, or lakes, as these sources may contain harmful bacteria or other contaminants.

It is also important to practice safe water storage and transportation techniques when collecting water from jerry cans.

Boats should also be equipped with the necessary safety equipment, such as life rafts and life jackets, in case of emergencies.

Additionally, boat owners should make sure that their boat is properly equipped with all necessary navigation and communication equipment, as well as the necessary safety gear.

Finally, all crew members should be trained in how to properly handle and store the water they collect.

This will ensure that everyone is safe and that the water is handled with the utmost care.

Final Thoughts

Having access to fresh water while at sea is essential for a successful sailing journey.

All of the solutions discussed here have their own advantages and disadvantages, so it’s important to assess your situation and choose the best option for you.

Whether you choose to use a watermaker, collect rainwater, use jerry cans, use a water filter, or employ desalinators, you’ll be able to ensure that you have the fresh water you need to stay safe and comfortable while sailing.

James Frami

At the age of 15, he and four other friends from his neighborhood constructed their first boat. He has been sailing for almost 30 years and has a wealth of knowledge that he wants to share with others.

Baltimore bridge collapse: What happened and what do we know about the ship?

Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse in Baltimore

WHAT HAPPENED IN BALTIMORE?

Why did the bridge collapse, are there any casualties, what do we know about the ship that was involved, what do we know about the bridge that collapsed.

The 1.6-mile (2.57 km) long Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore, Maryland collapsed into the water overnight after a cargo ship collided with it on March 26.

HOW WILL THE BRIDGE COLLAPSE IMPACT THE BALTIMORE PORT?

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Writing by Lisa Shumaker; Editing by Daniel Wallis

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. , opens new tab

Thomson Reuters

Lisa's journalism career spans two decades, and she currently serves as the Americas Day Editor for the Global News Desk. She played a pivotal role in tracking the COVID pandemic and leading initiatives in speed, headline writing and multimedia. She has worked closely with the finance and company news teams on major stories, such as the departures of Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey and Amazon’s Jeff Bezos and significant developments at Apple, Alphabet, Facebook and Tesla. Her dedication and hard work have been recognized with the 2010 Desk Editor of the Year award and a Journalist of the Year nomination in 2020. Lisa is passionate about visual and long-form storytelling. She holds a degree in both psychology and journalism from Penn State University.

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Ship that hit Baltimore bridge also involved in 2016 Antwerp accident

The ship that caused the collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore on Tuesday was also involved in an accident in the port of Antwerp, Belgium, in 2016.

Britain's Prince William attends the Diana Legacy Awards in London

The U.S. on Tuesday denied that it had carried out dawn air strikes in Syria after Syrian and Iranian state media said U.S. forces had bombed an eastern region and killed at least seven soldiers, including a member of Iran's Revolutionary Guards.

What we know about the container ship that crashed into the Baltimore bridge

The ship that crashed into the Francis Scott Key Bridge on Tuesday was the Singapore-flagged Dali.
The container ship had been chartered by Maersk, the Danish shipping company.
Two people were recovered from the water but six remain missing, authorities said.

A container ship crashed into a major bridge in Baltimore early Tuesday, causing its collapse into the Patapsco River.

A livestream showed vehicles traveling on the Francis Scott Key Bridge just moments before the impact at 1:28 a.m. ET.

Baltimore first responders called the situation a "developing mass casualty event" and a "dire emergency," per The Associated Press.

James Wallace, chief of the Baltimore Fire Department, said in a press conference that two people had been recovered from the water.

One was uninjured, but the other was transported to a local trauma center in a "very serious condition."

Wallace said up to 20 people were thought to have fallen into the river and some six people were still missing.

Richard Worley, Baltimore's police chief, said there was "no indication" the collision was purposeful or an act of terrorism.

Wes Moore, the governor of Maryland, declared a state of emergency around 6 a.m. ET. He said his office was in close communication with Pete Buttigieg, the transportation secretary.

"We are working with an interagency team to quickly deploy federal resources from the Biden Administration," Moore added.

Understanding why the bridge collapsed could have implications for safety, in both the shipping and civil engineering sectors.

The container ship is the Singapore-flagged Dali, which is about 984 feet long, and 157 feet wide, per a listing on VesselFinder.

An unclassified Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency report said that the ship "lost propulsion" as it was leaving port, ABC News reported.

The crew notified officials that they had lost control and warned of a possible collision, the report said, per the outlet.

The Dali's owner is listed as Grace Ocean, a Singapore-based firm, and its manager is listed as Synergy Marine, which is also headquartered in Singapore.

Shipping news outlet TradeWinds reported that Grace Ocean confirmed the Dali was involved in the collapse, but is still determining what caused the crash.

'Horrified'

Maersk chartered the Dali, with a schedule for the ship on its website.

"We are horrified by what has happened in Baltimore, and our thoughts are with all of those affected," the Danish shipping company said in a statement.

Maersk added: "We are closely following the investigations conducted by authorities and Synergy, and we will do our utmost to keep our customers informed."

Per ship tracking data, the Dali left Baltimore on its way to Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka, at around 1 a.m., about half an hour before the crash.

The Port of Baltimore is thought to be the largest in the US for roll-on/roll-off ships carrying trucks and trailers.

Barbara Rossi, associate professor of engineering science at the University of Oxford, told BI the force of the impact on one of the bridge's supporting structures "must have been immense" to lead to the collapse.

Dr Salvatore Mercogliano, a shipping analyst and maritime historian at Campbell University, told BI: "It appears Dali left the channel while outbound. She would have been under the control of the ship's master with a Chesapeake Bay pilot onboard to advise the master.

"The deviation out of the channel is probably due to a mechanical issue as the ship had just departed the port, but you cannot rule out human error as that was the cause of the Ever Forward in 2022 just outside of Baltimore."

He was referring to the incident two years ago when the container ship became grounded for a month in Chesapeake Bay after loading up cargo at the Port of Baltimore.

The US Coast Guard found the incident was caused by pilot error, cellphone use, and "inadequate bridge resource management."

Claudia Norrgren, from the maritime research firm Veson Nautical, told BI: "The industry bodies who are here to protect against incidents like this, such as the vessel's flag state, classification society, and regulatory bodies, will step in and conduct a formal investigation into the incident. Until then, it'll be very hard for anyone to truly know what happened on board."

This may not have been the first time the Dali hit a structure.

In 2016, maritime blogs such as Shipwreck Log and ship-tracking site VesselFinder posted videos of what appears to be the stern of the same, blue-hulled container vessel scraping against a quay in Antwerp.

A representative for the Port of Antwerp told BI the Dali did collide with a quay there eight years ago but couldn't "give any information about the cause of the accident."

The Dali is listed as being built in 2015 by Hyundai Heavy Industries in South Korea.

Watch: The shipwreck at the center of a battle between China and the Philippines

Main content

Baltimore's Key Bridge collapses after ship strike; construction crew missing: Live updates

BALTIMORE − A massive search effort stretched into Tuesday afternoon for six construction workers who were on the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore when it was struck by a cargo ship and collapsed into the frigid Patapsco River, shutting down a critical artery for East Coast shipping .

Around 1:30 a.m. a vessel named Dali struck the Key Bridge as it was leaving the Port of Baltimore, causing the span to collapse in seconds. Officials said the crew warned of a power issue and sent out a "mayday" before the collision. Footage of the incident shows the cargo ship smash into one of the columns before the bridge snapped, hit the water and partially fell on the ship, where a burst of flames and smoke could be seen rising into the night sky.

Several vehicles were on the bridge at the time of impact and plunged into the river, which was measured Tuesday at 48 degrees, cold enough to cause hypothermia. There were multiple contractors on the bridge who were repairing potholes, Maryland Transportation Secretary Paul Wiedefeld said. So far two people have been rescued. One was unharmed and the other remains in "very serious condition," he said.

Jennifer Homendy, chair of the National Transportation Safety Board, said at an afternoon news conference the agency will lead the investigation, but that she would not provide information on fatalities or injuries from the incident, leaving that to local authorities.

Asked the priority beyond the search-and-rescue operation being conducted by the Coast Guard, she said, “Right now it’s about people. It’s about families and addressing the needs of those that were impacted, that’s the focus.''

The ship's crew remained on the Dali, which needed to be assessed for damage before rescuers could board it, said James Wallace, chief of the Baltimore City Fire Department. The vessel was carrying cargo for the major shipping company Maersk and was headed for Sri Lanka.

A senior U.S. official who was not authorized to speak publicly told USA TODAY the ship apparently lost power a few minutes before striking the bridge. A federal report has confirmed that version of events , saying the crew lost its ability to control the vessel.

Developments:

∎ The University of Maryland Medical Center's trauma center treated one patient from the collapse who has been discharged, Michael Schwartzberg, the medical center's spokesperson, said in an email. Schwartzberg declined to say more about the person's injuries, citing patient privacy concerns.

∎ The National Transportation Safety Board is scheduled to hold a news conference about its investigation into the incident Tuesday afternoon.

∎ Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott issued a state of emergency to better mobilize resources and work quickly to "address this crisis," he said in a post on X . The governor of Maryland issued a state of emergency earlier Tuesday.

Crew lost control as propulsion deserted ship, report says

The Dali lost propulsion leaving port and its crew lost control of the ship, prompting the crew to alert Maryland officials of a possible collision, an unclassified Department of Homeland Security report revealed Tuesday.

An official who spoke on condition of anonymity confirmed to USA TODAY that the DHS cybersecurity agency is working with federal, state and local officials "to understand the potential impacts of this morning’s collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge."

This was not the Dali's first harsh encounter with a pier, and that time its leadership was determined to be at fault. It's too early to know what caused Tuesday's accident.

The cargo ship that struck the Francis Scott Key Bridge collided with a shipping dock in Belgium in 2016. That incident occurred as the Dali was leaving port in Antwerp and hit a loading pier made of stone, causing damage to the ship’s stern, according to the VesselFinder.com website, which tracks ships across the world. An investigation determined a mistake made by the ship’s master and pilot was to blame.

No one was injured in that crash, although the ship required repair and a full inspection before being returned to service. The pier – or berth – was also seriously damaged and had to be closed.

− Josh Meyer, Emily Le Coz and Claire Thornton

What did the most recent inspection report say about the bridge?

Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge was listed in overall fair condition in 2021, the most recent inspection report in the Federal Highway Administration’s National Bridge Inventory at the time of its collapse early Tuesday morning .

However, the database noted that, “Bank protection is in need of minor repairs. River control devices and embankment protection have a little minor damage. Banks and/or channel have minor amounts of drift.”

Other structural elements showed “some minor deterioration” but were otherwise listed in satisfactory condition.

− Cecilia Garzella and Yoonserk Pyun

'We're with you': Biden says federal government will rebuild bridge

President Joe Biden said he intends for the federal government to cover the entire cost to rebuild the Key Bridge, and he committed not to leave “until this job gets done.”

“We're with you. We're going to stay with you as long as it takes,” Biden said Tuesday afternoon from the White House Roosevelt Room.

Biden said he spoke with Maryland Gov. Wes Moore and other local and state officials about the bridge’s collapse, and said he would visit the site in the future. “I told them we're going to send all the federal resources they need as we respond to this emergency − I mean all the federal resources. And we're going to rebuild that port together.”

Biden said eight people remain unaccounted for, but the figure might change. Two people were rescued. "Everything so far indicates that his was a terrible accident,” Biden said, adding there’s no reason to believe it was intentional.

“Our prayers are with everyone involved in this terrible accident and all the families, especially those waiting for news of their loved ones right now,” Biden said. “I know every minute in that circumstance feels like a lifetime.”

Biden said the ongoing rescue operation remains the top priority but relayed that he told Moore he has directed his team to “move heaven and earth to reopen the port and rebuild the bridge as soon as humanly possible."

− Joey Garrison

Crewman reports all on board Dali are safe

This past weekend, Andrew Middleton took the ship's captain and a crewman shopping at a nearby Walmart. Since 9/11, international crews have to be escorted by a vetted person through most port areas, and Middleton said it's fairly common for crews like the Dali's to request assistance from the Apostleship of the Sea Baltimore Stella Maris International Seafarers' Center, where he is the director. The group is part of the Catholic Church's Archdiocese of Baltimore.

"They were by all appearances in good spirits," Middleton said, and they chatted in his van about the ship's planned 28-day voyage around the Horn of Africa to Sri Lanka. Middleton said crews usually buy personal toiletries and snacks before long trips.

Middleton woke up Tuesday morning to the shocking news the ship hit the bridge, and he immediately messaged one of the crewmen via WhatsApp. "My question to him was, 'Is everyone OK?' And the answer was, 'Yes sir, everyone is safe,'" Middleton told USA TODAY.

The crew is still aboard the ship while authorities assess the situation. Middleton said he's prepared to send them any supplies they need if they're stuck aboard for an extended period. And he said he's making plans to help them once they're freed and returned to shore. He said he expects the Dali will be towed back into the harbor and docked for a damage assessment. Middleton added that he worries both about the missing workers from the bridge and also the port workers who may be temporarily unemployed if the harbor gets shut down.

"Obviously, this incident has a large impact on the port community,'' he said. "If this extends a long period of time, we're going to have longshoreman and stevedores who are not working, tugboat crews who are not working. It has the potential, if it becomes a drawn-out event, to affect many lives."

− Trevor Hughes

'It's devastating to the city'

Greg Trenchard, 43, awoke Tuesday to a flurry of text messages and missed calls from his out of state relatives checking in on him after hearing about the Key Bridge collapse.

“I’ve driven over it 100 times and now to see that it’s gone is pretty crazy,” he said Tuesday.

Trenchard, an auditor, said he then tried to make his way to Fort Armistead Park, where he’d come many times before to take photos of the bridge at sunrise and sunset. But the normally quick drive took nearly 40 minutes due to the traffic detours, and a police roadblock next to Royal Farms, a convenience store, about a mile and half from the park stopped him from getting any closer to the scene.

“It’s a blow,” he said of the collapse. “It’s devastating to the city, it’s devastating to port traffic and everything they’re trying to do to revitalize the shipping industry in Maryland and keep that going.”

– N'dea Yancey-Bragg

Air, land and water search underway

Multiple local, state and federal agencies are coordinating the massive search, which spans a vast section of the river – both above and below the surface of the water – and the ship itself, Wallace said. Divers, helicopters and sonar technology were being used and had located several vehicles submerged in the river, which is about 50-feet-deep where the bridge collapsed.

"This water is current influenced, so right now we think the tide is coming back in," he said.

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore declared a state of emergency and said he is working with an interagency team to "quickly deploy federal resources from the Biden Administration."

"This is an unthinkable tragedy," Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott said at a news conference.

Expert says river current makes search more difficult

Jim Bellingham, the executive director for the Johns Hopkins Institute for Assured Autonomy and expert in marine robotics lives in nearby Fells Point, and talked to USA TODAY about some of the challenges faced by rescuers.

“Nothing is staying put in the ocean,” he said. “Everything is moving” in the Patapsco River, a tidal estuary, which presents just one difficulty for rescue efforts. Rescuers would have to determine the speed and direction of the current to figure out where to search – toward Baltimore Harbor, or out toward the Chesapeake Bay.

Bellingham said it’s likely any workers who may have been on the bridge would have been wearing reflective vests and even flotation devices that would improve visibility in the dark river. They might also have flares, and are more easily spotted by rescue helicopters.

Rescuers are using sonar, lights, cameras and robotic machinery as well as human divers, but Bellingham said divers would face their own risks, as the wreckage might not be stable.

The longer the search goes on, the less likely rescuers are to find survivors, given the temperature of the water, and the likelihood of people being trapped with little to no air. But Baltimore, with many Navy and Coast Guard facilities and military contractors nearby, might be as well prepared to deal with the disaster as any place.

“Their job is to rescue people,” Bellingham said. “They want to believe they can do that, and there’s a tendency not to want to give up.”

– Phaedra Trethan

Cargo ship was headed for Sri Lanka

The container vessel was chartered by the major shipping company Maersk and was carrying its cargo, according to a statement from the company. When it crashed into the bridge, no Maersk crew and personnel were onboard the vessel, which is operated by charter vessel company Synergy Group and owned by Singapore-based Grace Ocean Pte.

The Dali was slated to arrive April 22 in Sri Lanka, according to MarineTraffic, a global ship tracking service.

"We are horrified by what has happened in Baltimore, and our thoughts are with all of those affected," Maersk said in a statement. "We are closely following the investigations conducted by authorities and Synergy, and we will do our utmost to keep our customers informed."

Synergy Marine Corp said the Dali collided with one of the pillars of the bridge and that all its crew members, including two pilots, have been accounted for and there were no reports of any injuries.

U.S. Coast Guard Lt. Cmdr. Erin Palmer said at a news conference Tuesday that the agencies remain focused on search-and-rescue. She did not comment on the crew of the ship or provide additional details about the collision.

All vessel traffic in and out of the Port of Baltimore was suspended until further notice, but the port is still open for truck transports, Wiedefeld said. Traffic, meanwhile, is being diverted from the area around the Key Bridge.

Baltimore port closed to ships 'until further notice'

Shortly after the bridge collapse, the Port of Baltimore suspended vessel traffic “until further notice,” according to its website.

“This does not mean the Port of Baltimore is shut down. We are still processing trucks inside of our terminals,” the statement said.

But Bloomberg reported that the port “looks to be out of commission indefinitely.”

At least 40 ships are now more or less trapped inside the port, according to Reuters. At least 30 other ships planned to arrive there.

“They will likely have to reroute shipping to other ports on the East Coast,” said Kevin Linderman, a professor and supply chain expert at Pennsylvania State University. “However, this will put additional demand on these ports, and shippers may not be able to access US markets” as efficiently, he said.

“One critical question is, can the other ports handle the products that were destined to Baltimore?”

– Daniel de Visé

Will the Baltimore bridge collapse impact cruises?

Baltimore is a destination for several major cruise lines. According to the Cruise Lines International Association, the industry’s leading trade group, published itineraries in the 2024 calendar year include a dozen ships making 115 stops in Baltimore.

Royal Caribbean and Carnival have April sailings that could be impacted by the bridge collapse, according to their websites.

Carnival told USA TODAY it was premature to comment on impacts to future sailings.

American Cruise Lines has roundtrip sailings from Baltimore scheduled in May, according to its website. The cruise line told USA TODAY their schedules remain unaffected but will make adjustments if needed to future cruises.

Norwegian Cruise Line doesn’t appear to have any Baltimore sailings until September.

– Eve Chen and Nathan Diller

Will the port shutdown affect consumer goods, prices?

Several big firms have distribution warehouses near the port, including Amazon and FedEx, one analyst noted in a tweet on X.

Even so, some analysts predict only a minimal impact on the movement of goods up and down the East Coast from the bridge collapse.

Baltimore’s port holds just 4% of all East Coast trade volume, according to S&P Global. New York’s port, by contrast, does 38% of that business.

Yet, the port offers the deepest harbor in Maryland’s Chesapeake Bay, is closer to the Midwest than any other East Coast port, and is within an overnight drive of one-third of the US population, according to the port website .

The port boasts five public and 12 private terminals. In 2023, it ranked first in the nation in handling automobiles and light trucks.

“For the American consumer, the biggest impact will be felt in terms of imported motor vehicles,” said Jason Miller, a business professor at Michigan State University. If sales remain strong, he said, “we could see inventories drop on the lots of dealers that sell imported vehicles until alternative arrangements can be made. This could increase motor vehicle prices for some makes and models.”

Alternate routes around collapsed Baltimore bridge

The Maryland Transportation Authority was suggesting drivers take Interstate 95 or Interstate 895 as alternatives to the collapsed Francis Scott Key Bridge along Interstate 695.

“I-695 Outer Loop closed at MD 10 (exit 2) and Inner Loop closed at MD 157/Peninsula Exp (exit 43),” MDTA said in a post on X.

Drivers could take several other, longer routes around Baltimore, but I-95 (Fort McHenry Tunnel) and I-895 (Baltimore Harbor Tunnel) are the most direct alternatives across the water.

There are few exceptions.

MDTA notes, vehicles carrying hazardous materials, including more than 10 pounds of propane, are not allowed in the tunnels. Additionally, vehicles more than 13-feet and 6-inches high or 8-feet wide may not use the 1-895 Baltimore Harbor Tunnel. Vehicles more than 14-feet and 6-inches high or 11-feet wide may not use the I-95 Fort McHenry Tunnel.

Those vehicles should use the western portion of I-695 instead.

How cold is the Patapsco River?

The Patapsco River is about 50 feet deep where the ship hit the bridge, officials said during a press conference Tuesday morning. Part of the 39-mile river helps form the Baltimore Harbor, just northwest of the bridge collapse, and it flows out to the Chesapeake Bay.

A buoy in the Patapsco River indicated the water temperature Tuesday morning was currently about 47 degrees, while the air is around 41 degrees, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Whereas hypothermia is thought to occur at very cold temperatures, it can occur in waters below 70 degrees, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .

Key Bridge collapse draws comparisons to Florida's Sunshine Skyway Bridge collapse

In 1980, a Florida bridge also collapsed after a ship collided with it, leading to the deaths of 35 motorists and bus passengers.

A 1,200-foot chunk of the Sunshine Skyway bridge – which connects St. Petersburg and Bradenton – collapsed after the massive Summit Venture freighter slammed into one of its central support piers.

When the section of the bridge fell into Tampa Bay, it took a truck, seven cars and a Greyhound bus with it.

The Herald-Tribune, part of the USA TODAY Network, reported the crash happened during an intense thunderstorm , with winds reaching 80 mph and heavy rain. At the time, visibility was near-zero, according to local historians who made a documentary film about the collapse.

After the collapse, the freighter remained stuck beneath the bridge, with part of the roadway on top of its bow. Photos from the time also show how one motorist was able to skip his car to a stop just inches away from where the bridge fell into the water.

-Claire Thornton

How vital is the Francis Scott Key Bridge?

The Francis Scott Key Bridge, named for the author of the "Star Spangled Banner," is a 1.6-mile, 4-lane bridge that crosses over the Patapsco River, according to the MDTA. It opened in 1977.

The port’s private and public terminals handled 847,158 autos and light trucks in 2023, the most of any U.S. port. The port also handles farm and construction machinery, sugar, gypsum and coal, according to a Maryland government website.

The span is the outermost of three major Patapsco River crossings at Baltimore Harbor, according to the American Civil Engineering Society. The steel-arched bridge, with a total length of 8,636 feet, was the second-longest continuous-truss bridge span in the world when it was built and remains the second longest in the United States and third in the world, according to the society .

Contributing: Reuters; Tom Vanden Brook, Eduardo Cuevas , USA TODAY

At least 6 people unaccounted for after cargo ship crash levels Baltimore bridge

BALTIMORE — A major Baltimore bridge collapsed like a house of cards early Tuesday morning after it was struck by a container ship, sending several vehicles plunging into the dark water below, sparking an intense search for survivors and shutting down one of the nation's busiest ports.

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore declared a state of emergency and said the calamity that knocked down the Francis Scott Key Bridge was likely the result of an accident and not an act of terrorism.

"Our state is in shock," Moore said.

Follow live updates here

Moore said the cargo ship Dali notified authorities it lost power and issued a mayday moments before the 984-foot vessel slammed into a bridge support at a speed of eight knots, which is about nine miles per hour.

Meanwhile, rescue crews using sonar detected at least five vehicles in the frigid 50-foot-deep water, including three passengers cars, a cement truck and another vehicle of some kind, Moore said.

An unknown number of workers were doing repairs on the bridge when the ship hit a support pillar and at least six people were still believed to be missing, Moore said.

"Our exclusive focus is on saving lives," the governor said.

An 'active search-and-rescue posture'

Earlier, two workers were rescued from the water, Baltimore Fire Chief James Wallace said.

One was in good condition and refused treatment, Wallace said. The other was seriously injured and was being treated in a trauma center.

“We are still very much in an active search-and-rescue posture at this point,” Wallace said.

Moore said there might be drivers in the water were it not for the “folks” who, upon hearing the mayday, blocked off the bridge and kept other cars from crossing.

“These people are heroes,” Moore said. “They saved lives. They saved lives.”

Nearly eight years ago, the Dali was involved in another collision. In July 2016, the ship collided with a quay at the Port of Antwerp-Bruges in Belgium, damaging the quay.

The nautical commission investigated the accident, but the details of the probe were not immediately clear Tuesday.

The Dali is operated and managed by a company called Synergy Group. In a statement, the company said two port pilots were at the helm of the Dali at the time of Tuesday's crash and that all 22 crew members onboard were accounted for.

The bridge, which is about a mile-and-a-half long and carries Interstate 695 over the Patapsco River southeast of Baltimore, was "fully up to code," Moore said.

Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg has been monitoring the situation and a team of National Transportation Safety Board investigators was already at the bridge.

NTSB chairwoman Jennifer Homendy said that her agency will lead the investigation into the cause of the bridge collapse. She said a data recorder on board the ship could provide more information about what happened.

"But right now we're focusing on the people, on the families," she said. "The rest can wait."

President Joe Biden vowed to rebuild the bridge and send federal funds.

"This is going to take some time," Biden warned. "The people of Baltimore can count on us though to stick with them, at every step of the way, till the port is reopened and the bridge is rebuilt."

The Port of Baltimore is the 11th largest in the U.S. and the busiest port for car imports and exports, handling more than 750,000 vehicles in 2023 alone, according to data from the Maryland Port Administration.

Image: Baltimore's Francis Scott Key Bridge Collapses After Being Struck By Cargo Ship

The Dali was chartered by Danish shipping giant Maersk, which said it will have no choice but to send its ships to other nearby ports with the Port of Baltimore closed.

Writer David Simon, a champion of Baltimore who set his TV crime drama "The Wire" on the streets of the city he once covered as a reporter, warned online that the people who will suffer the most are those whose livelihoods depend on the port.

"Thinking first of the people on the bridge," Simon posted on X . "But the mind wanders to a port city strangling. All the people who rely on ships in and out."

Timeline of crash

Dramatic video captured the moment at 1:28 a.m. Tuesday when the Dali struck a support and sent the bridge tumbling into the water. A livestream showed cars and trucks on the bridge just before the collision. The ship did not sink and its lights remained on.

Investigators, in a timeline, said the Dali's lights suddenly shut off four minutes earlier before coming back on and then, at 1:25 a.m. dark black smoke began billowing from the ship's chimney.

A minute later, at 1:26 a.m., the ship appeared to turn. And in the minutes before it slammed into the support, the lights flicked off and on again.

Maryland Department of Transportation Secretary Paul Wiedefeld said the workers on the bridge were repairing concrete ducts when the ship crashed into the structure.

They were employed by Brawner Builders Inc. And at least seven workers were pouring concrete to fix potholes on the roadway on the bridge directly above where the ship hit, a foreman named James Krutzfeldt said.

Krutzfeldt, who was not working on that job, said one of the missing is another foreman who he considers his mentor and “work dad.”

"I'm still kind of in shock," he said.

Earlier, the U.S. Coast Guard saids received a report that a “motor vessel made impact with the bridge” and confirmed it was the Dali, a container ship sailing under a Singaporean flag that was heading for Sri Lanka.

Baltimore's Francis Scott Key Bridge Collapses After Being Struck By Cargo Ship

Bobby Haines, who lives in Dundalk in Baltimore County, said he felt the impact of the bridge collapse from his house nearby.

"I woke up at 1:30 this morning and my house shook and I was freaking out," he said. "I thought it was an earthquake and to find out it was a bridge is really, really scary."

Families of bridge workers wait for updates

A group of people who said they were relatives of the Brawner construction workers gathered at a Royal Farms convenience store near the entrance of the bridge. Together, they waited for word of their missing loved ones.

One woman said that her father-in-law, Miguel Luna, was among the workers.

Some of the construction workers who still haven't been found recently had babies, Earl Schneider, a structural foreman with the company, said.

“I know everybody on that crew personally," Schneider told NBC News. They’re all great people. It’s tough. It’s been a rough morning.”

Jesus Campos, who also works for Brawner, told The Baltimore Banner the missing men are from El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico.

Earlier, Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott urged his constituents to pray for the missing workers — and the first responders struggling to locate them.

"This is an unthinkable tragedy," Scott said.

'A long road in front of us'

Built in 1977 and referred to locally as the Key Bridge, the structure was later named after the author of the American national anthem.

The bridge is more than 8,500 feet, or 1.2 miles, long in total. Its main section spans 1,200 feet and was one of the longest continuous truss bridges in the world upon its completion, according to the National Steel Bridge Alliance .

About 31,000 vehicles a day use the bridge, which equals 11.3 million vehicles per year, according to the Maryland Transportation Authority.

The river and the Port of Baltimore are both key to the shipping industry on the East Coast, generating more than $3.3 billion a year and directly employing more than 15,000 people.

Asked what people in Baltimore can expect going forward, the state's transportation secretary said it is too early to tell.

"Obviously we reached out to a number of engineering companies so obviously we have a long road in front of us," Wiedefeld said.

Julia Jester reported from Baltimore, Patrick Smith from London and Corky Siemaszko from New York City.

Julia Jester is a producer for NBC News based in Washington, D.C.

Patrick Smith is a London-based editor and reporter for NBC News Digital.

Corky Siemaszko is a senior reporter for NBC News Digital.

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Baltimore Key Bridge collapses after ship collision

By Helen Regan , Kathleen Magramo , Antoinette Radford, Alisha Ebrahimji , Maureen Chowdhury , Rachel Ramirez , Elise Hammond , Aditi Sangal and Tori B. Powell , CNN

Maryland governor says situation is "an active search and rescue mission"

From CNN's Tori B. Powell

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore said the Baltimore bridge collapse situation is "still an active search and rescue mission."

US transportation secretary called Maryland governor around 3:30 a.m. ET about Baltimore bridge collapse

From CNN's Maureen Chowdhury

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore said that Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg call him at 3:30 a.m. ET about the Baltimore bridge collapse.

During a news conference on Tuesday, Moore said Buttigieg and his team are now in Baltimore looking at the damage and also identifying areas where they can help.

Maryland governor thanks first responders for non-stop work following bridge collapse

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore thanked first responders who arrived on the scene of the collapsed Francis Scott Key Bridge in the overnight hours and have "not stopped" since.

He said their efforts have been "truly remarkable."

Body recovered from water during search around collapsed bridge, Baltimore council member says

From CNN’s Jamiel Lynch, Sarah Engel and Holmes Lybrand

One body has been recovered during the ongoing search for at least six people missing after the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse, Baltimore City Council Member Phylicia Porter told CNN’s Boris Sanchez on CNN News Central.

“We are hearing one body was found,” she said.

When asked, Porter told Sanchez the body was pulled from the water.

The US Coast Guard had been searching for six individuals after the collapse.

Baltimore Orioles cancel planned fan event following bridge collapse

The Baltimore Orioles canceled the team's planned workout and fans' rally scheduled for Tuesday following the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse in Baltimore.

“In light of today’s tragedy, tonight’s open workout and rally for fans is cancelled,” the team posted on X. “Our thoughts are with Baltimore.”

Earlier in the day, the Orioles released a statement extending their "thoughts and prayers" to those affected by the incident.

“We are devastated by the news of the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse, and send our thoughts and prayers to those impacted by this tragedy," the statement read . “We thank the brave first responders and the men and women actively working on rescue efforts. Baltimore, we’re a tight-knit and resilient city. Together we will get through this.”

The Orioles are scheduled to open the 2024 MLB season at Baltimore's Camden Yards against the Los Angeles Angels on Thursday.

Army Corps of Engineers is in touch with Baltimore following bridge collapse, Pentagon says

From CNN’s Haley Britzky

The collapsed Francis Scott Key Bridge is seen after being crashed into in Baltimore on Tuesday.

US Army Corps of Engineers Commanding General Scott A. Spellmon has been in touch with the Port of Baltimore about the collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge, Deputy Defense Secretary Sabrina Singh said Tuesday.

“Obviously, it is very early in the process, but I can tell you that the commanding general of the US Army Corps of Engineers has been in touch with the Port of Baltimore, and the department is remaining in close contact with local and state officials, and stands ready if any assistance is required,” Singh said.

NTSB chief says search teams still verifying the number of cars and workers on the bridge during collapse

Form CNN's Alisha Ebrahimji

The NTSB has been hearing lots of numbers about how many cars and people were on the bridge during the collapse, National Transportation Safety Board Chair Jennifer Homendy said Tuesday.

Search teams are working to verify those numbers, she said, but it's not for the NTSB to nail them down.

Instead, she said, local authorities like Maryland State Police and the Maryland Transportation Authority along with federal partners will work to verify if there are other victims.

"Nobody is going by a number," Homendy said. "They're looking and they're searching. That's what's important."

"Too early to tell" if reports of power outage on the ship are true, NTSB chief says

From CNN's Aditi Sangal

It's "too early to tell" in this stage of the investigation if reports of power outage on the ship are true, National Transportation Safety Board Chair Jennifer Homendy said.

"We have been made aware of those same reports about there being a power outage. I've also seen statements, media releases from Singapore as well. It's something that we take in, but something that we have to verify through our investigation that that was what was part of the contributing cause here," she told reporters on Tuesday afternoon. "So too early to tell."

Earlier Tuesday, Maryland Gov. Wes Moore said the crew of the ship notified officials that it had lost power prior to the crash. Lights on the ship flickered and a dark plume of smoke could be seen billowing from it before it veered toward a bridge pillar shortly before impact, CNN analysis of data from MarineTraffic shows.

Homendy said it will "take time" to determine whether bridge has been flagged for any safety deficiencies

From CNN's Rachel Ramirez

National Transportation Safety Board Chair Jennifer Homendy said it will "take time to dig through" whether the Francis Scott Key Bridge has ever been flagged for any safety deficiencies.

Homendy at a news conference pointed to the agency's recent investigation of the Fern Hollow Bridge collapse in Pittsburgh in 2022, which "took almost two years to get information" on bridge inspections and whether or not records existed, she said.

"It's a very cumbersome process," Homendy added. "It's a very meticulous process where they have to dig through a lot of information, so it will not be something that we will be able to verify well on."

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore during an earlier news conference said that the now-collapsed Baltimore bridge was "fully up to code" and had no structural issues.

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Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore collapses after being struck by cargo ship; 6 people still missing

By Brian Dakss , Kerry Breen

Updated on: March 26, 2024 / 3:35 PM EDT / CBS News

The Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore collapsed early Tuesday after a support column was hit by a large container ship that had lost power, sending vehicles and people into the Patapsco River, authorities said.

Six people remain unaccounted for, Maryland Department of Transportation Secretary Paul Wiedefeld said in a mid-morning news conference. Two other people were rescued from the water.

All eight people were part of a construction crew that was filling potholes on the bridge at the time, Wiedefeld said. Jennifer Homendy, the chair of the National Transportation Security Board, said Tuesday afternoon that the workers were employed by local company Brawner Builders.

One of the rescued workers was unhurt. The other was treated at the University of Maryland Medical Center and has been discharged, according to CBS station WJZ .

Officials have emphasized that they are still conducting search and rescue operations, with the Coast Guard assisting.

Aerial view of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore, after collapse

Maryland Gov. Wes Moore declared a state of emergency shortly after the collapse, saying in a statement that "we are working with an interagency team to quickly deploy federal resources from the Biden Administration. We are thankful for the brave men and women who are carrying out efforts to rescue those involved and pray for everyone's safety."

The ship — the Singapore-flagged Dali — was operated by charter vessel company Synergy Marine Group and was chartered by Maersk, carrying Maersk customers' cargo, the companies said.

There were 22 crew members, including two pilots, aboard the ship, according to a statement from Synergy. All 22 crew members are Indian nationals. Synergy said it had activated its incident response team and is cooperating with state and federal officials. Homendy said that the NTSB is communicating with Singaporean officials as part of their investigation.

Wiedefeld said that the FBI was on the scene "to see if there was any terrorism connection, which there is not."

William DelBagno, the special agent in charge of the FBI's Baltimore field office, said at a subsequent news conference that "there is no specific or credible information to suggest that there are ties to terrorism in this incident." DelBagno said the FBI was providing resources, including underwater search and evidence response teams.

The NTSB said Tuesday morning that it had dispatched a 24-person team to investigate the incident. The team has yet to board the ship to allow search and rescue operations to continue, she said, and the team hopes to access recordings from the ship tonight or tomorrow, she said.

Ship had a "power issue" before the collision

Officials have confirmed that the ship lost power right before the collision. Moore said that the crew notified authorities of a "power issue."

Two U.S. officials told CBS News that multiple alarms rang out on the ship, alerting pilots and crew to an issue on board. The crew ran several system tests to attempt to remedy the loss of propulsion from the motor, but the tests proved unsuccessful. At that point, the pilot alerted the Maryland Department of Transportation and the Maryland Transit Authority.

Officials said in a news conference that that call allowed officials to order a mayday and stop traffic onto the bridge. Homendy said it was too early in the investigation to clarify an exact timeline of events for the accident.

Officials did not clarify how many vehicles were on the bridge at the time of the collapse. Infrared video showed that vehicles did enter the water, but it's not clear if those vehicles had occupants. Multiple vehicles remained in the river as of mid-morning.

Moore said that the decision to stop traffic onto the bridge "saved lives last night." Baltimore Mayor Brandon Scott told CBS News that the mayday call "saved many lives" and allowed emergency personnel to get to the scene quickly.

"If it lost steering and power, then basically it's a dead ship just being carried by the current or its own momentum," said James Mercante, the president of the New York Board of Pilot Commissioners.

He said that video shows a "big, big puff of black, real dark black smoke" which might indicate that the vessel's power was "restored at the last minute" and that the pilot was "attempting to make an emergency maneuver" to prevent the collision. However, it would be difficult to stop the 900-foot-long vessel.

"It would take quite a while — probably the length of five [or] six football fields — to bring that ship to a stop, even after dropping the anchors, because of its power and momentum. This is a behemoth," Mercante said.

"An unthinkable tragedy"

The Baltimore mayor headed to the scene and told reporters at a morning briefing that the collapse was "an unthinkable tragedy."

"We have to first and foremost pray for all of those who are impacted, those families, pray for our first responders and thank them," Scott said.

Baltimore County Executive Johnny Olszewski Jr. said on social media: "Rescue efforts are underway. Please pray for those impacted."

A witness told CBS News Baltimore the sound of the collapse was massive, shaking his home.

"Earthquake — sounded like a big bash of thunder," the resident said. "And then just like I said it felt like an earthquake, the whole house vibrated. Like my house was falling down."

The man said he never thought in his "wildest dreams" he would see something like this happen.

Shipping in and out of the Port of Baltimore has been halted. Moore said that it was too early to estimate how long it would take to rebuild the bridge or for shipping to resume.

"Our exclusive focus is on saving lives. Our exclusive focus is on search and rescue," he said.

Location of the Key Bridge in Baltimore

The Francis Scott Key Bridge spans the Patapsco River, a key waterway that serves with the Port of Baltimore as a hub for East Coast shipping.

Map showing location of Key Bridge in Baltimore

CBS News Baltimore reports that the 1.6-mile span was used by some 31,000 people per day and carried 11.5 million vehicles annually.

The Maryland Transportation Authority said all lanes were closed in both directions on I-695. Traffic was being detoured to I-95 and I-895.

All ship traffic at the port, the second-largest seaport in the mid-Atlantic region, has been halted. According to Census data, the Port of Baltimore handled more than $80 billion in imports and exports in 2023, marking a 20-year record.

The bridge, which opened in 1977, is named after the writer of "The Star-Spangled Banner."

U.S. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg said on social media that he's "spoken with Gov. Moore and Mayor Scott to offer USDOT's support following the vessel strike and collapse of the Francis Scott Key bridge. Rescue efforts remain underway and drivers in the Baltimore area should follow local responder guidance on detours and response."

More from CBS News

Maps and video show site of bridge collapse in Baltimore

What to know about the Key Bridge collapse in Baltimore

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